Analysis of the report (Annexures)

7/28/2019 Analysis of the report (Annexures)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/analysis-of-the-report-annexures 1/17

SOYA

Input (unit) Quantity Price per unit (Rs.) Total (Rs.)

Material

Seeds (kg) 40 50 2000

Chemical fertiliser:

DAP (bori) 1 700 700

Pesticides:0.3333333333 1500 500

Pesticides (litre) 2 600 1200

4400

Operations Machines Labour Total

No. of times Type of machines Rent No. of person Wage

Ploughing 3 Tractor 700 2100

Sowing 1 Tractor 700 700

Irrigation Rainfed 0

Fertilisation 1 1 200 200

Spraying 1 2 200 400

Harvesting/Threshing 1 Harvester/Thresher 800 5 200 1800

Cleaning 1 200 200

Total 5400

Total Cost for Soya 9800

WHEAT

Input (unit) Quantity Price per unit (Rs.) Total (Rs.)

Material

Seeds (kg) 60 30 1800

Chemical fertiliser:

DAP (bori) 2 700 1400

Urea (bori) 4 450 1800

Super Phosphate (bori) 3 250 750

5750

Operations Machines Labour Total

No. of times Type of machines Rent No. of person Wage

Ploughing 3 Tractor 700 2100

Sowing 1 Tractor 700 700

Irrigation Tubewell 2000 2000

Fertilisation 1 200 200

Harvesting/Threshing 1 Harvester/Thresher 800 5 200 1800

Cleaning 1 200 200

Total 7000

Total Cost of Wheat 12750

Kharpatwar (litre)

COST OF CULTIVATION



MUGALIA CHAP Number of households: 938 Distance from lake: 2km

S. No. Respondent Name

Cropping pattern General Information Current practices (organic farming)

Type of crops Livestock Machines owned Machines rented Awareness Continued Discontinued

Name Type Count Tractor Harvester Thresher Tractor Harvester Thresher Manure Cooking

1 Sujan Singh Mewara 4

3 Rabi Wheat, Chana 25 Tubewell 1 no Yes yes (partly) Yes Yes Yes

Kharif Soya, Corn

Zaid Vegetables

2 Ghera Lal 1.2 1 Rabi Wheat 1

3 Lila Kishan Patidar 32 3 Rabi Wheat Cows 25 Tubewell 1 no Yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya Buffaloes 25

Zaid Vegetables

4 Narsingh Mewara 1.3 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 1 Tubewell 1 yes yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


5 Ol Singh Malik 1.6 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 3 Tubewell 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes

Kharif Soya

6 Baij Nath Patidar 0.4 1 Rabi wheat Cows 2 1 yes yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

calves 2

7 Kamal Singh 16 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 2 Tubewell 1 no yes yes (partly) no yes

Zaid Vegetables Buffaloes 6

8 Ravi Patidar 8 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana 8 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes

Kharif soya

9 Mahesh 0.8 2 rabi wheat 25 tubewell 1 1 yes yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif soya

10 Santosh Patidar 6.8 2 rabi wheat Cows 2 Tubewell 1 no yes no

Kharif soya Buffaloes 3

11 Kanhaiya Patidar 0.8 2 rabi wheat Cows 1 Tubewell 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif soya

12 Santosh Patidar 8 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 15 Tubewell 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif soya Buffaloes 2

13 Geeta Prasad 10 3 Rabi Wheat Tubewell 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

14 Jagannath Meena 3.2 2 Rabi Wheat no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Marginal 3 5 1 0 8 0 0 3 11 1 0 9 10 7

Small 3

Small-Medium 1

Medium 4

Large 3

CONTENT ANALYSIS: MUGALIA CHAP

S. No Code Name

CODE1 Current Practices

1.1Inputs and costs 60 kg seeds per acre are consumed for sowing wheat and 40 kg for soya. Cost of seeds for wheat is Rs. 1800 and soya is Rs. 2000. 12

DAP (Rs. 900/bori), Urea (Rs. 450/bori) and Superphosphate (Rs. 250) are the fertilisers majorly used. 12

Cost of pesticides is Rs. 500 per acre. It is used 3 times for soya only. 12

Rent for tractor is Rs. 500/hr and thresher is Rs. 1000 per acre 12

Labour costs prevalent are Rs. 200 per day 12

1.2 Land is now highly dependent on chemical fertilisers 10

CODE 2 Organic farming

2.1 Recogn ise b enefits such as b etter taste, fragrance and h 14

Organic manure is very beneficial for health of soil and la 14

Perceive organic manure to be beneficial without actually 5

2 .2P robl ems Yi el d i s l esser when compared t o chemi ca l f er ti li sers 10

Much more amount of organic manure is needed per acre 11

Organic fer ti li sers are not easily avai lable in market 10

More time is required for preparation of organic fertilisers 8

Unable to switch to organic farming without external supp 3

2.3Possible solutions Everyone should adopt organic farming for it to be effecti 7

Farmers need techincal guidance to minimise the loss of yield by 10

Farmers need market for organic products, such that prices are at a level that mitigates lossess 9

CODE 3 Livestock Livestock is on a decline because of increased mechanisation. 6

CODE 4

4.1 Water Water is too scarce. 14

Bores are dug 300 ft deep for water10% tubwells have w 9

4.2Electrici ty Electrici ty is available for 8 hours for agricultu 14

4.3Miscellaneous No timely availability of chemical fertilisers at 11

CODE 5 La ke Decrease in land prices since it is d emarcated as ca tchm 6

Landholding(ha)

No. Ofcrops

Source ofIrrigation

Alternativeemployment

Willingness toadopt

Use of cow dungfrom livestock

Rabi/Kharif/Zaid

Cows andbuffaloes

Negative effectsof ChemicalFertilisers

Actual/PercievedBenefits

Other problemsfaced at present

ANALYSIS OF FARMERS' INTERVIEWS





NTKHEDI Household: 100 (approx) Distance from Upper Lake: 2000 ft


Cropping pattern General Information About organic farming

Other information

Type of crops Livestock Irrigation Machines owned Machines rented AwarenessContinued Discontinued

Name Type Count Tractor HarvesterThresherTractor HarvesterThresher Manure Cooking

1 Lakshman Singh 3.2 3 Rabi Buffaloes 1 Tubewell 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes no no yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

2 Udham Singh 2.8 3 Rabi Wheat 1 yes yes (partly) yes yes

Kharif Soya Cows 1 no


3 Lakhan Singh Mewa 1.2 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 1 1 yes yes (partly) yes


4 Ram Chandar 0.8 2 Rabi Wheat 0 Handpump 1 yes yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables*

5 Tej Singh Thakur 12.8 3 Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 3 Tubewell 1 1 no yes yes (partly) no yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

6 Baij Nath Singh Rajp 2 2 Rabi Cows 2 Tubewell 1 yes yes yes yes yes yes


Calves 8

7 Amar Singh Thakur 4.4 3 Rabi Cows 4 Tubewell 1 yes yes yes (partly) yes


Zaid Vegetables

8 Hanumat Mewara 4 3 Rabi Buffaloes 6 Tubewell 1 yes yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

* For domestic purpose only. 3 0 0 5 2 0 4 8 1 1 6 5 5

Marginal 1

Small 1

Small-Medium 3

Medium 2

Large 1

CONTENT ANALYSIS: Intkhedi

S. No Code Name

CODECurrent Practices

1.1Inputs and costs 60 kg seeds per acre are consumed for sowing wheat and 40 kg for soya. Cost of seeds for wheat is Rs. 180 8

DAP (Rs. 900/bori), Urea (Rs. 450/bori) and Superphosphate (Rs. 250) are the ferti lisers majorly used. 8




1.3 Land is now getting hardened by excessive use of chemical fertilisers, esp 6

Farmers put chemical fertilisers in excess than required 3

Urea is not available in pure form 2

CODE Organic farming

2.1 Benefits are seen in terms of healthier and tastier products 7

It is good for land fertility 7

2.2Problems No benef it f rom organic farming to farmers 2

Yield goes lower when only organic manure is used, leading to lesser income 4

Organic fertilisers are not easily available in market 5

There i s not su ff ic ient space fo r p roducing o rgan ic manure in su ff ic ient quan tit y 3

Decrease in livestock with the households has made it difficult to produce organic manure 6

Making organic fer ti lisers requi res too much effor t and cost on the part of farmers 5

It takes at least 4 years for the soil to be able to give average yield with organic fertilisers. 2

2.3Possible solutions Organic manure alone is not sufficient. Thus, should be introduced in a phased manner 5

If farmers are able to derive benefits similar to chemical fertilisers from organic manure, they 5

CODE Livestock There is a decrease of space in the village to keep the animals 5

There is a decrease in number of animals being reared by households du 7

CODE

4.1 Water Agricultural produce is negatively affected due to lesser availability of water 6

River water is used only by those whose fields are nearby 4

4.2 Electricity Electricity is available for 8 hours only in the field, that too at night 7

CODE Lake No benefit from lake 8

Landholding (ha)

No. Ofcrops


Willingnessto adopt

Use of cow dungfrom livestock

Rabi/Kharif/Zaid

Wheat,Chana,Barseem

Tried organic farming 4 yearsback. Land is near the lake.

.Hence, river water is used forirrigation.

Also works as a tailor. Cowdung used only forvegetables.

Wheat,Chana

Land is near river. He is adistributor for a companymanufacturing organicmanure, 'Prithvidoot'.

Wheat,Chana

Milk selling as alternativeemployment

Wheat,Chana

Negative effects ofChemical Fertilisers





KHAJURI Households: 500(approx) Distance from Upper Lake: 2 km



Other information

No. Of crops Type of crops Livestock Irrigation Machines owned Machines rented Awareness Currently doing Discontinued

Rabi/Kharif/Zaid Name Type Count Tractor Harvester Thresher Tractor Harvester Thresher ManureCooking

1 Naresh Mewara 2.8 3 Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 5 tubewell 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

2 Suresh Mewara 0.8 3 Rabi Wheat Cows 6 well, tubewell 1 yes yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Owns a dairy


Zaid Vegetables

3 Lila Kishan Mewara 2.4 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 2 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

4 Padam Singh Thak 4.8 Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 4 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yesKharif Soya, Hari Moong

Zaid Vegetables

5 Rajesh Sisodia 1 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 4 1

Zaid Vegetables Buffaloes 3 yes no no no no yes

6 Mailal Mewara 6 1 Rabi Wheat, Chana 0 1

Marginal 1 1 0 0 5 0 0 2 4 0 0 4 4 5

Small 1

Small-Medium 2

Medium 2

Large 0

CONTENT ANALYSIS : Khajuri

S . N o C od e N am e

CODECurrent Practices

1.1 Inputs and costs 6

Seeds for sowing are taken from home 6

6

DAP (Rs. 700/bori), Urea (Rs. 450/bori) and Superphosphate (Rs. 250) are the fertilisers majorly used. 6

1.3 Land is now highly dependent on chemical fertilisers, without which crops don’t grow 4


2.1

2.2 Problems Organic manure alone reduces the yield. 6

Making organic fert il isers requires too much ef fort and cost on the part of farmers 5

More time is required for preparatio n of organic fertilisers 5


It takes at least 4 years for the soil to be able to give average yield with organic fertilisers. 2

2.3Possible solutions Organic farming practices can only be introduced in a phased manner. 4

Practices must be adopted according to technical guidance 4

Prices of such organic products should be kept higher than other products grown using chemical fertilisers to mitigate the losses of farmers due to lesser yield 3

CODE Livestock Livestock is on a decline because of increased mechanisation. 4

There has been a decrease in number of animals reared by households. 4

CODE

4.1 Water Water is scarce 5

Water is abundant in the part of the village lying left to the road owing to proximity to ‘khajuri talaab’ with recharges during rains.

Some of the bores for tube well run 500 ft deep for water 2

Vegetables cannot be grown due to scarcity of water 2

4.2Electricity

4.3 Miscellaneous Farming has become a loss making occupation. 4

A lot of farmers have to sell land to meet expenses and pay loans 4

CODE Lake No benefit from the lake 5

Landholding (ha)


Willingness to adopt

Use of cowdung fromlivestock

alternativeemployment

Tractor, harvestor and thresher are taken on rent by most. Rent for harvester ranges fromRs. 900 to 1000 per acre, for thresher Rs. 600

I .2 litres is consumed for one crop per acre.

Negative effects ofChemicalFertilisers





NEEL BAD Ho use hol ds: 1 000 D istan ce fr om up per l ake: 8 km O utside catch men t

. No.Respondent Name Landholding (ha)


Other information

T yp e o f c ro ps L ive st oc k Ir rig atio n Ma ch in es o wn ed Ma ch in es r en te d A wa re ne s Cu rr en tl y d oi nD isc on tin ue dW il lin gn ess to a do

Name Type Count Tractor HarvesterThresherTractor HarvesterThresher ManureCooking

1 Arvind Maaran 4 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 5 tubewell 1 1 yes no no no no yes

Kharif Soya

2 Azad Singh Maara 2.8 2 Rabi Wheat, ChaCows 1 1 1 yes yes yes yes yes yes


3 Kamal Singh Maar 4.8 2 Rabi Wheat, ChaCows 3 1 1 no yes yes yes yes yes


4 Narayan Singh Ma 2.8 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana 0 1 no no

Kharif Soya

5 Dili Pareshar 2 2 Rabi Wheat, ChaCows 4 1 no no no no no yes

Kharif Soya

Marginal 0 0 0 0 5 3 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 4

Small 0

Small-Medium 3

Medium 2

Large 0

CONTENT ANALYSIS: Neelbad

S. No Code Name

CODCurrent Practices

1.1 Inputs and costs Cost of water is Rs. 3000 for 15 days 4

60 kg seeds per acre are consumed for sowing wheat and 40 kg for soya. Cost of seeds for wheat is Rs. 180 . .5




1.3 Land is getting hardened 4Land is now highly dependent on chemical fertilis5

CODOrganic farming

2 .1 R ec og nise b en ef it s su ch a s b ett er ta ste , f ra gr an ce a nd h ea lth o f .3

Organic manure is very beneficial for health of soil and land 2

Use of cow dung as manure i s p reva lent . Onc e used, it s benef it s a re seen 3-4 years a ft er us e. 4

2.2Problems Since the quantity of organic manure used is high as compared to chemical fertilisers, it increases the cost of .4

Making organic fertilisers requires too much effort and cost on the part of farm ers 3

Yield is lesser with the use of organic manure 2

2.3 Possible solutions

CODLivestock Livestock with households has seen a a decreasing trend due to costs involved in maintaining the a .4

There is a reduction in space in the village to keep the animals 4

COD

4.1 Water Water is scarce in the village. 5

Source of water is half a km away from the village. 5

4.2 Electricity Electricity for fields is made available at night for 8 hours. 5

4.3Miscellaneous Availability of fertilisers is irregular in the society. Private shops take advantage of this situation and sell the fertilisers at a higher . 4

Land is being sold to people from city pay off debts taken by farmers. 3Farming has become a loss making occupation

CODLake No benefit is derived from the lake 5

No. Ofcrops


Use of cowdung fromlivestock

Rabi/Kharif/Zaid

,

school as well as owns areal estate business

which manure preparedfrom cow dung is used

Negative effectsof Chemical

Fertilisers





SIKANDRABAD Households: 200 (approx) Distance from Upper Lake: 15 km

S. No. Respondent Nam e Landholding (ha)


Other information

N o. O f cr op s T yp e of cr op s L iv estoc k Ir ri gati on Mach in es own ed Ma ch in es r en ted Al ter nati ve emp loymen t Aware ne ss C urr en tl y d oi ng D isc on ti nu ed W il li ng ness to ad op t

Rabi/Kharif/Zaid Name Type Count Tractor Harvester Thresher Tractor Harvester Thresher Manure Cooking

1Shah Nawaz Khan 12.8 3Rabi Wheat, Chana Buffaloes 4 1 1 1 no yes yes yes no yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

2Kailash Prasad 6.4 2Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 2 Tubewell 1 1 1 no yes (partly) yes yes yes


3Mukesh Varma 10.4 2Rabi wheat Cows 1 Tubewell no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes yes


4Aarif 3.6 2Rabi wheat 0 1 no yes no no no yes

Kharif Soya

5Shakeel 2 2Rabi wheat Buffaloes 7 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

6Karan Singh 1.1 2Rabi wheat 0 1 no yes no yes no yes

Kharif Soya

7Brijesh Chaukse 3.2 2Rabi wheat 0 1 no yes no yes no yes

Kharif Soya

8Khoobilal 2.8 2Rabi wheat 0 1 no yes no no no yes

Kharif Soya

9Sumer Maaran 0.8 2Rabi wheat 0 1 no no no yes no yes

Kharif Soya

10Imrat Singh Maaran 1.94 2Rabi wheat Cows 2 Tubewell 1 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya Calves 1

11Munna Lal Prajapati 2 2Rabi wheat Cows 1 Tubewell 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


12Ajay Singh Maaran 10.8 2Rabi wheat Cows 1 Tubewell 1 1 1 no yes no no no yes

Kharif Soya

Marginal 1 3 0 0 8 5 4 0 10 1 1 9 5 12

Small 2

Small-Medium 5

Medium 1

Large 3

CONTENT ANALYSIS: Sikandrabad

S. No Code Name Responses


1.1 Inputs and costs 12

Seeds for sowing are taken from home 12

12

1.3 Land is getting hardened 9

CODE 2Organic farming

2.1 Recognise benefits such as better taste, fragrance and health of the product. 10


Use o f cow dung as manure is p reva lent . Once used, i ts benef it s a re seen 3 -4 years a ft er use . 7

2.2Problems Yield is lesser with the use of organic manure 9

I t t akes at leas t 4 years f or the soi l to be ab le to give average y ie ld wi th organic f er ti l isers. 7

Unable to switch to organic farming without external support 4

Dec rease in l i vest ock w it h t he households has m ade i t d if fi cu lt to produce o rgan ic manure 7

Organic fertilisers are not easily available in market 8Mak in g or ga ni c fer ti li ser s r eq ui res too muc h effor t an d cos t on th e p art of far mers 8

2.3Possible solutions

CODE 3 Livestock 10

T he need to rear animals has decreased because of increased mechanisation 6

CODE 4

4.1Water Water is scarce 12

W el ls re ch ar ge th em se lv es du ri ng ra in y s ea so n a nd dr y u p t il l t he mo nt h o f J an ua ry . 1 0

Water for fields is bought from neighboring fields in absence of tubewells 4

People use tankers to store water 4

Vegetable growing is now discontinued by many because of scarci ty of water 10

Yield for soya went down because of less availability of water. 6

4 .2E lect rici ty I rr egular supply o f e lect rici ty f or t he f ie lds. 10

Electricity is supplied for 8 hours for the field at night. 10

4.3Miscellaneous Agricultural land is being sold to pay off loans 5

Private shops take advantage of irregularity of availability of fert ilisers to sell at a higher rate 11

CODE 5 Lake No benefit is recievd from the lake 9

Land prices have decreased as it lies in the catchment area; 7

from livestock

Tubewell,Tankers

Tractor, harvestor and thresher are taken on rent by most. Rent for harvester ranges from Rs. 900 to 1000per acre, for thresher Rs. 600

Pesticides are used to treat soya crops and for kharpatwar. It costs 1500-1600 per litre. Upto 2 litres isconsumed for one crop per acre.



There has been a decrease in number of animals reared by households. The primary reason behind thistrend is the cost involved in maintenence of animals.

Other problems faced atpresent



NANDNI Households: 100 Distance from lake: 8 km

S . N o. R es po nd en t N ame L an dh ol di ng (h a)


Other information

No. Of crops Type of crops Livestock Irrigation Machines owned Machines rented Alternative employment Awareness Currently doing Discont inued W illingness to adopt


1 Anokhilal Nagar 12 3 Rabi Wheat, Chana Buffaloes 4 Tubewell 1 1 1 no yes no no yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

2 Devkaran Malvi 1.2 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana Buffaloes 2 Tubewell 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

3 Maakhan Lal Maheshwari 1.6 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana Buffaloes 1 1 1 yes yes no yes no yes Aware about NADEP

Kharif Soya

4 Tulsi Ram 1.2 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana 0 1 1 no yes no yes no yes

Kharif Soya

5 Nannu Lal 1.6 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana Buffaloes 2 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

6 Ram Lal 1.2 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 2 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

7 Rohit Nagar 0.6 2 Rabi Wheat 0 1 1 no yes no yes no yes

Kharif Soya

8 Indresh 4.8 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana Buffaloes 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya Cows 4

Bulls 2

Calves 7

9 Jeevan 4.6 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana Buffaloes 2 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

10 Ram Dada 3.2 2 Rabi Wheat 0 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

11 Brijesh Nagar 4 3 Rabi wheat Buffaloes 1 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya Cows 1

Marginal 1 1 0 0 9 9 2 1 11 0 0 10 8 11

Small 5

Small-Medium 1

Medium 3

Large 1

S. No. CODE NAME RESPONSE

CODE1 Current Practices 11

11

1.1 Inputs and costs Seeds, fertilisers and pesticides are bought from nearby government society 11

Urea (Rs. 300 per bori) and DAP (Rs. 1250 per bora) are used. 11

11

Labor charges in the village are Rs/ 200 per day 11

1.3 Prices of chemical fertilisers are very high. 3

1


Cow dung is mainly used for vegetables.

2.1 Actual/Percieved Benefits Organic manure is beneficial for land. 10

1

2.2 Problems 6


Yield is lesser with the use of organic manure 8


There is not sufficient space for producing organic manure in sufficient quantity 8

D ec re as e i n l iv es to ck wi th t he h ou se ho ld s h as ma de it di ff ic ul t t o p ro du ce or ga ni c m an ur e 8

2.3 Possible solutions Market where organic products can be sold without losses is needed 5

Technical guidance is needed 4

CODE 3 Livestock Livestock is on a decline because of increased mechanisation. 9

The cost of maintaining the animals is high 10

CODE 4

4 .1 Wat er Wat er i s t oo s ca cre. No s ou rc e f or i rr ig at io n i s f un ct io na l. 7

Vegetables cant be grown because of less water. 8

4.2Electricity

4.3Miscel laneous Untimely rain damaged the wheat crop this season. 2

The costs of agriculture are borne in full, but returns do not match the costs. 4

CODE 5 Lake No benefit from the lake 8

Land prices are low because of falling in the catchment area. 8

from livestock

Most farmers grow 2 crops in a year; wheat (Rabi) and soya (Kharif). The yield for wheat ranges from 18 to 20quintal and is sold to the government at Rs. 1500 per quintal. The yield for soya is highly variable and ranges from1to 8 quintal. It is sold to traders at nearby mandis.

Mechanisation is on a rise, with increased usage of tractors and harvesters. The rent for the same is Rs. 500 perhour and Rs.1000 per acre respectively. Thresher is also used by some at rent of Rs.300. Only one of the 11farmers interviewed use bulls instead of machinery.

Negative effects of ChemicalFertilisers

Chemicalfertilisers are analogous to allopathic medicines which give instant results but may prove to have sideeffects in the long run.

There is a practice of using cow dung along with chemical fertilisers by most farmers, but use of scientificallyprepared organic manure is not prevalent.

Organic manure is analogous to ayurvedic medicine, which may take time to give results but does not harm thenatural system. , . -manure.




KORYA Househol ds: 150 (approx) Distance from Upper Lake: 7 km

S. No. Respondent Name Landholding (ha)


Other information

N o. O f cr op s T yp e of cr op s L iv estoc k Ir ri gati on Mach in es owne d Mac hi nes r en ted Al tern ati ve emp lo ymen t Awar en ess Cu rre nt ly d oi ng D is con ti nu ed W il li ng ness to ad op t

Rabi/Kharif/ Zaid Name Type Count Tractor Harvester Thresher Tractor Harvester Thresher Manure C ooking

1 Prem Singh Mewara 1.6 2Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 1 1 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


2 Deep Singh Mewara 8.8 2Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


Zaid Vegetables Calves 2

3 Gyan Singh Mewara 2 2Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 1 1 no no no yes no yes


4 Maan Singh Mewara 8 2Rabi Wheat Cows 1 Tubewell, Well 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


5 Dhan Singh Gaur 2.8 2Rabi Wheat Cows 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


Bulls 2

6 Karan Singh 0.2 2Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 2 Tubewell 1 yes yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya Cows 1

Calves 2

7 Badri Prasad Gaur 16 3Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 14 Tubewell 1 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

8 Elam Singh Mewara 6 3Rabi Wheat Cows 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yesKharif Soya Buffaloes 2

Zaid Vegetables Calves 2

9 Roshan Mewara 1.4 2Rabi Wheat Cows 3 Tubewells 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


10 Jagannath 3.4 2Rabi Wheat Cows 5 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


Bull 2

11 Gairaj Singh Mewara 2.8 2Rabi Wheat, Chana Buffaloes 3 1 yes yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

12 Bhagwat Singh Mewara 1.6 2Rabi Wheat Cows 6 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


Marginal 1 1 0 0 9 3 3 2 11 0 0 12 11 12

Small 3

Small-Medium 4

Medium 3

Large 1

Content Analysis: Korya

S . No. C OD E N AME R ESPO NSES

CODE1Current Practices

1.1Inputs and costs Costs of fertilisers for DAP, super phosphate and urea are Rs. 1300 per bora, Rs. 265 per bori ans Rs. 320 per bori 10

Tractors, harvestor and thresher (hadamba) are taken on rent at Rs. 600 per hour, Rs. 1000 per acre and Rs. 600 per acre , respectively. 10

Labour charges are at Rs. 150 per day

1.3 Prolonged exposure to chemical fertilisers has hardened the soil. 10

L an d i s n ow de pe nd en t o n c he mi ca l f er ti li se rs fo r g oo d c ro p, an d h en ce th e f ar me r t oo . 1 0

CODE 2Organic farming It is the traditional way of farming

People use cow dung for their fields



2.2 Problems Organi c manure are not easil y availabl e in the market as chemi cal manure. 11

Quantity of produce goes down by the use of organic manure 10

Quant it y o f o rgan ic m anure requi red per ac re is huge as compared to chem ical fe rt il isers. 10


People have never used organic manure and are unaware of the results. There is a reluctance to adopt organic farming pract ices without suf fic ient evidence of favourable results. 6

2 .3 Pos si bl e sol uti on s P rov id e n eces sar y tec hn ical gui dan ce an d su pp or t to wi tn es s th e r esu lts 6

Mix organic manure with chemical fertilisers 4

CODE 3Livestock Livestock with households has seen a a decreasing trend due to costs involved in maintaining the animals. 9

Forest cover has gone down, so has the area for grazing of animals 7

There is a decrease of space in the village to keep the animals 8

CODE 4

4.1 Water Water scarcity has been an issue especially in the last 4 years due to decrease in rains 6

Tubewells are being dug uptil 500 ft for water 3

Tubewells dry up till January 9



Electricity supply is irregular 8

4.3Miscellaneous Availability of fertilisers is irregular at government societies especially during season. 10

Private shops take advantage of this and sell the same fertilisers at a higher rate. 10

Earlier, savings were made f rom soya crop. These days diseases have increased in soya crop leading to shrinking net earnings f rom soya. 5

CODE 5Lake Land prices have fallen drastically as it falls under catchment area 8

There are more disadvantag es than advantages of the lake. 9

from livestock

Works as a labour in thefields. Sells cow dung.

Purchases prithvidootorganic manure

Sells milk (alternativeemployment)






BISHENKHEDI Househol ds: 65 (approx) Di stance from Upper Lake: 3000 ft

S . No. Respondent Name Landholding (ha)


Other information

N o. O f c rop s T yp e of c rop s L iv est oc k I rri gati on Mac hi ne s ow ned Mac hi nes r en ted A lte rn at iv e e mp loy men t A war en ess C urr en tl y d oi ng D isc on ti nu ed W il li ng nes s t o a do pt

Rabi/Kharif/Zaid Name Type Count Tractor Harvester Thresher Tractor Harvester Thresher Manure C ooking

1 Prem Narayan Meena 2 2 Rabi Cows 2 Tubewell 1 1 1 no yes no no yes yes

Kharif Soya

2 Purshottam Gaur 1.6 2 Rabi Wheat 0 Tubewell 1 no yes no yes no no yes

Kharif Soya

3 Santosh Rathore 2.2 3 Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 3 1 yes yes no yes yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

4 Rampal Meena 2.4 3 Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 3 Tubewell 1 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

5 Hari Narayan Meena 12 3 Rabi Cows 5 Tubewell 1 1 yes yes no no no yes


Zaid Vegetables

Marginal 0 3 0 0 2 3 2 2 5 0 2 2 3 5

Small 1

Small-Medium 3

Medium 0Large 1

Content Analysis: Bishenkhedi

S. No. CODE NAME RESPONSES


1.1 Inputs and costs Rent for tractor is Rs 700 per hour and harvestor is Rs. 900 per acre 4

Labour charges are 200 per day 4

Costs of fertilisers for DAP, super phosphate and urea are Rs. 1300 per bora, Rs. 265 per bori ans Rs. 320 per bori 4

1.3 Land is now dependent on chemical fertilisers for productivity 4




Cow dung once used gives benefits for 3 to 4 years 4

2.2 Problems Yield is less than average with the use of organic manure 4

O rg an ic fe rt il is er s a re n ot ea si ly a va il ab le i n t he n ea rb y s oc ie ti es 5



Quant it y used per ac re is much higher than chem ica l f er ti l isers. Thus cost also goes up . 4

2 .3Possible solut ions I f f armers a re able t o der ive benef it s s im i la r t o chemical fe rt il isers f rom organ ic manure , t hey a re w i ll ing to shi ft 3

E ve ry on e i n t he v il la ge s ho ul d a do pt or ga ni c f ar mi ng pr ac ti ce s f or s ui ta bl e e ff ec t 4

CODE 3 Livestock Livestock rearing has seen a a decreasing t rend due to costs involved in maintaining the animals. 4

CODE 4

4.1 Water Water is scarce in the village. 5

Tubew ells need to be dug over 350 ft for water 5


Electricity supply is irregular 4

4 .3M isce llaneous Ava ilab il i ty of fe rt il isers is i rr egular in the soc ie ty . P riva te shops t ake advantage of th is si t ua tion and sel l t he fe rt il i se rs at a h igher rat e. 5

Land is being sold to people from city to pay off debts taken by farmers. 4

Farming has become a loss making occupation. 4

CODE 5 Lake Lake is related to the replenishment of bores and wells 1

from livestock

Wheat,Chana

Wheat,Chana

He sells his cowdung






BEELKHEDA Households: 100 (approx)

S . No. Respondent Nam e Landhold ing (ha)


Other information

N o. O f c rop s T yp e o f c rop s L ive st oc k I rri gat io n Mac hi nes ow ned Ma chi nes r en ted A lt er nat ive em pl oym en t Aw ar en ess C urr en tl y d oi ng Di sc on ti nu ed W il li ng ness t o ad op t


1 Ramesh Chand Sharma 1.6 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 3 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

2 Kamal Singh Jatav 1.2 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 2 1 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

3 Mool Chand Rathore 3 3 Rabi Wheat 0 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

4 Raj Kumar Meena 2 3 Rabi Wheat Cows 3 tubewell 1 1 no yes yes (partly) no yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

5 Devendra Jatav 0.8 3 Rabi Wheat Cows 1 no yes no yes no yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

Marginal 1 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 5 0 1 4 4 5

Small 2

Small-Medium 2

Medium 0

Large 0

Content Analysis: Beelkheda

S. No. CODE NAME RESPONSES


1.1 Inputs and costs Seeds used for sowing are taken from home 5

Payment t o labour is m ade in cash (Rs . 200 per day) as wel l as in k ind (2 .25 qu in ta l wheat) 5

Rent for tractor is Rs. 500 per hour, for harvester is Rs. 1200 per hour 5

Water is bought from nearby fields for Rs. 2500 per acre 5

1.3 Land is now dependent on chemical fertilisers for productivity 5

It gives instant results but i s harm ful for the health of soi l 2


2 .1 A ct ua l/ Pe rc ie ve d B en ef it s R ec og ni se be ne fi ts su ch as be tt er ta st e, fr ag ra nc e a nd he al th of th e p ro du ct . 5

Co w d ung used as man ure le ad s t o 2 5% less con su mp ti on of ch em ic al fer ti li sers 3

Manure prepared from cow dung once used, benefits are seen for 3-4 years 4

2.2 Problem s There is not suffici ent space for producing organic m anure in suffi cient quanti ty 3

Dec rease in l ives tock w it h the households has m ade i t di ff icul t to p roduce organic manure 3

Yield is less in the beginning when organic manure is used. 5

I t t akes at leas t 4 years f or the soi l t o be able t o g ive good yield w i th organic f er ti li se rs . 3


Quantity applied is very high, contributing to increased cost of farming 4


2 .3Poss ib le so lu tions Ready t o p repare at hom e, i f p rovided w it h technical guidance as wel l as m arke t to sel l wi thou t losses 4

CODE 3Livestock Livestock with households has seen a a decreasing trend due to costs involved in maintaining the animals. 5

CODE 4


4 .2 E le ct ri ci ty E le ct ri ci ty f or v il la ge s i s p ro vi de d a t n ig ht f or 8 h ou rs . T he f ie ld s a re n ot s af e a t n ig ht b ec au se o f s na ke s a nd p oi so no us i ns ec ts . F ew f ar me rs h av e d ie d a s w el l. 5

4.3 Miscel laneous Avail abili ty of fertil isers is irregular in the society. Private shops take advantage of thi s situation and sel l the fertili sers at a hi gher rate. 5

CODE 5Lake Fields being near to lake are sometim es prone to subm ergence which destroys the crop 3

T ree cover near th e l ak e d oes not let su nl ig ht reac h c er tai n p art s o f t he fi el ds. 2

Trees are of no value and use to the people. 2

from livestock





SEVANIA Households: 500 (approx) Distance from the lake: <1 km



Other information

N o. O f c ro ps T yp e o f c ro ps L iv es toc k I rr iga ti on M ac hi ne s ow ned M ac hi ne s r en te d A lt er na ti ve e mp lo ym en t A wa re nes s C ur re nt ly d oi ng D is con ti nu ed W il li ng nes s t o a do pt


1Prahlad Singh 1.8 2 Rabi Cows 2 1 1 no yes no no no yes


Marginal 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Small 1

Small-Medium 0

Medium 0

Large 0

from livestock

Wheat,Chana



GORA H ous eh ods : 1 50 D is tan ce fr om th e l ak e: <1 km Mu ni ci pal cor por ati on

S. No . Responden t Name Landholding (ha)


N o. O f c ro ps T yp e o f c rop s L iv es to ck I rr ig at io n M ac hi ne s o wn ed M ac hi ne s r en te d A lt er na ti ve e mp lo ym en t A wa re ne ss C ur re nt ly d oi ng D is co nt in ue d W il li ng ne ss t o a do pt

Name Type Count Tractor Harvester Thresher Tractor Harvester Thresher Manure Cooking

1 Lakshman Singh Maran 0.6 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 2 Tubewell 1 no yes yes (partly) yes yes yes


Calves 3

2 Srimal Maaran 12 3 Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 1 1 1 no no no no no yes

Khar if Soya

Z ai d V eget abl es

3 Suresh Kumar Maaran 1 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes


4 Rakesh Maaran 3.2 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 1 1 no no no no no no


5 Sanjay Maaran 5.6 2 Rabi Wheat 0 1 no yes no yes no yes

Khar if Soya

6 Hari Prasad Maaran 6.8 2 Rabi Wheat 0 1 no yes no yes no yes

Khar if Soya

7 Neeta Maaran 2 2 Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Khar if Soya

8 Sanjay Maaran 2 2 Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 2 Tubewell 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Khar if Soya

9 Nilendra Maaran 2 2 Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 3 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Khar if Soya

10 Gulab Singh 14 2 Rabi Cows 1 Tubewell 1 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Khar if Soya

Marginal 1 2 0 0 8 1 2 0 8 0 0 8 6 9

Small 1

Small-Medium 4

Medium 2

Large 2

Content analysis: Gora

S. No. CODE NAME


1.1Inputs and costs One quintal seeds per acre are consumed for sowing wheat and soya. Cost of seeds for wheat is Rs. 3000 and soya is Rs. 4000.

DAP (Rs. 700/bori), Urea ( Rs. 450/bori) and Superphosphate (Rs. 250) are the fertilisers majorly used.

Cost of pesticides id Rs. 500 per acre.

Rent for tractor is Rs. 500/hr and thresher is Rs. 1000 per acre

Labour costs prevalent are Rs. 200 per day

1.3 Land is now dependent on chemical fertilisers for a good crop 8


2.1Actual/Percieved Benefits Organic manure is analogous to ayurvedic medicine, which may take time to give results but does not harm the natural system. 1

Manure from cow dung once used gives benefits for 3-4 years 7

2.2 Problems Organic fertilisers are not easily available in market 10

U naw ar e abou t th e r es ul ts , s inc e peopl e hav e n ever us ed or gan ic fer ti li ser s 7

Quanti ty appli ed i s very high, contributing to increased cost of farming 7


M ak in g o rg an ic f er ti li se rs re qu ir es to o m uc h e ff or t a nd co st on th e p ar t o f f ar me rs 7

It gives slow results 7

2.3Possible solutions If done properly with technically prepared organic fertilisers, there is no fall in produce. 2

CODE Livestock Livestock with households has seen a a decreasing trend due to costs involved in maintaining the animals. 8

CODE


Very few sources of irrigation are functional 7

Tubewells dry up till April 9

4.2 Electricity People have to pay Rs 8000 for 3 months to get electricity irrespective of landholding 1

4 .3 M is ce ll an eo us A va il ab il it y o f f er ti li se rs is ir re gu la r i n t he so ci et y. Pr iv at e s ho ps ta ke ad va nt ag e o f t hi s s it ua ti on an d s el l t he f er ti li se rs at a h ig he r r at e. 1 0

People are giving up farming as it is a loss making occupation 5

Untimely rain hampered the produce this time 4

CODE Lake Fields being near to lake are sometimes prone to submergence which destroys the crop 6

There is no benefit from lake 9

from livestock

Rabi/Kharif/Zaid

Wheat,Chana





BARRKHEDI KALA Hous eh old s: 300 (ap pr ox) Di stan ce from Upp er Lak e: 1 km



Other information

N o. O f c ro ps T yp e o f c ro ps L iv es to ck I rr ig at io n Mac hi ne s o wn ed Mac hi ne s r en ted A lt er na ti ve e mp loy me nt A wa re ne ss C ur re nt ly d oi ng D is co nt in ue d W il li ng ne ss t o a do pt

Rabi/KharifName Type Count Tractor Harvester Thresher T ractor Harvester Thresher Manure Cooking

1 Vijay Maaran 0.8 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 3 Tubewell 1 1 no no yes (partly) no yes yes

Kharif Soya

2 Kadam Singh Maaran 4 2 Rabi Wheat C ows 3 Tubewell 1 1 no yes no yes no yes


3 Vipin Maaran 4 2 Rabi Wheat Buffaloes 2 Tubewell no no no yes no yes

Kharif Soya

Marginal 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 3

Small 0

Small-Medium 0

Medium 2

Large 0

Content Analysis: Barkhedi Kalan

S. No. CODE NAME

CODE1 Current Practices1.1 Inputs and costs Fertilisers popular are Gramor, DAP and Urea 3

Seeds are taken from home

1.3 Land is now dependent on chemical fertilisers for a good crop 2



2.2 Problems There is no awareness regarding results of organic farming 2

Th ere is no f ac ili ty pr ovid ed by mu nic ip al corpor ati on for adop ti ng org ani c f armi ng 2

Yi eld is less er wit h ad opt ion of org an ic manu re on ly, thu s leadi ng to l ess er inc ome 3

Q ua nt it y of o rg an ic ma nu re re qu ir ed pe r a cr e i s h ug e a s c ompa re d t o c he mi ca l f er ti li se rs . 3

2.3Possible solutions

CODE 4


Bores are dug upto 250 ft 1

In the village, water is made available once in 4 days 2

4.2 Electricity Electricity is available at night 2

4 .3 Mis cell aneou s Availab ili ty of fer ti lis ers is ir reg ular in t he s oc iet y. Private s hops take ad van tage of th is si tuat ion an d sel l t he f er tilis ers at a h ig her rat e. 2

from livestock



Other problems facedat present



BARKHEDA NATHUHouseholds: 200 (approx)



N o. Of c rops T ype of c rops L iv est oc k Ir rigat ion M ach in es owned M ac hines rent ed A lt er nat iv e employ ment A warenes s C ur rent ly doi ng D is cont inu ed W il lin gn es s t o adopt

Rabi/Kharif/Zaid Name Type Count Tractor Harvester Thresher T ractor Harvester Thresher Manure Cooking

1 Lala Ram Mehra 6 2 Rabi Wheat Tubewell 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

2 Khushilal 0.6 2 Rabi Wheat 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

3 Gulichand 1.6 2 Rabi Wheat Tubewell 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

4 Lala Ram Jatav 2.4 2 Rabi Wheat 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

5 Radhe Shyam 1 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 3 Tubewell 1 1 yes no yes yes yes


6 Suraj Singh 0.8 2 Rabi Wheat 0 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

7 Ram Singh Rajput 4 3 Rabi Wheat Tubewell 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

8 Hansraj 1.6 2 Rabi Wheat 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

9 Moolchand 2 2 Rabi Wheat Tubewell 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

10 Jamna Prasad Jatav 2.4 2 Rabi Wheat 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

11 Raja Ram 0.6 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 2 Tubewell 1 yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

12 Adwesh Sen 2 3 Rabi Wheat Tubewell 1 yes no yes yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

13 Hari Prasad 1.2 3 Rabi Wheat Tubewell 1 yes no yes no yes

Kharif Soya

Zaid Vegetables

Marginal 3 2 0 0 11 1 0 0 13 0 1 13 12 13

Small 4

Small-Medium 4

Medium 2

Large 0

S. No. CODE NAME


1. 3 Ch emic als mu st be mini mis ed as t hey h ar m t he s oi l 11

Land has become hardened 12




2.2Problems Decrease in l ivestock with the households has made i t d if f icul t to produce organ ic manure 10

Ther e i s n ot su ff ic ien t spa ce for pr od uc in g o rg an ic ma nu re i n suf fi ci en t q ua nt it y 9

Decrease in livestock with the households has made it difficult to produce organic manure 7

Yield is lesser with adopt ion o f organ ic manure only, thus lead ing to lesser income 11

Unable to switch to organic farming without external support 4

Quantity of organic manure required per acre is huge as compared to chemical ferti lisers. 11

2.3Possible solutions If farmers are able to derive benefits similar to chemical fertilisers from organic manure, they are willing to shift 7

I f su ff ic ient quanti ty o f o rgan ic fer ti li zers is provided to fa rmers for agr icul tu re , they wi ll adopt i t 7

Technical support and guidance is needed 8

CODE 3Livestock There is a decrease of space in the vil lage to keep the animals

There is a decrease in number of animals being reared by households due to rise in costs of maintenance 12

The need to rear animals has reduced with mechanisation 9

CODE 4

4.1Water

Water is scarce 13


4.2Electricity

Electricity is made available at night for 8 hours for fields 10

4.3Miscellaneous

CODE 5Lake

Lake has more disadvantages that advantages 11

Land prices have fallen with declaration of catchment area 8

from livestock






LAKHAPUR Households:70



Other information

No. O f c rop s T yp e of c ro ps L ivest oc k I rr ig at ion Mac hi nes ow ned Mac hi nes r en ted A lt er nat ive em pl oym en t A waren es s C urr en tl y d oi ng D is con ti nu ed W il li ng ness t o ad op t


1 Bhagwan Singh 12 2 Rabi Wheat, Chana Cows 4 1 no yes no no yes yes

Kharif Soya

2 Mohan Singh 3.2 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 2 1 no no no no no yes

Zaid Vegetables

3 Rahul Rajat 0.4 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 4 1 no no no no yes yes

Kharif Soya

4 Mukesh 1.2 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 3 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

5 Nadilal 0.8 1 Rabi Wheat 0 no no no no no yes

6 Geeta Prasad 4.4 2 Rabi Wheat Cows 3 1 no yes no yes yes yes

Kharif Soya

7 Nandlal Meena 2 1 Rabi Wheat 0 1 no yes no yes no yes

8 Kailash 1.6 1 Rabi Wheat Cows 6 1 no yes no yes yes y es

Buffaloes 4

Marginal 2 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 5 0 0 4 5 8

Small 2

Small-Medium 2

Medium 1

Large 1


1.3 Land is getting hardened 7




2.2Problems Yield goes lower with adopt ion of organic fert il isers 8

The farmers are already facing f inancial cr is is, adopt ion of organic farming will escalate the situation 5

Q ua nt it y o f o rg an ic ma nu re r eq ui re d p er a cr e i s h ug e a s c om pa re d t o c he mi ca l f er ti li se rs . 5

2.3Possible solutions I f farmers are able to derive benef its similar to chemical fertil isers from organic manure, they are willing to shif t 4

CODE 3L ives tock There is a dec rease in num ber of an im als being reared by househo lds, since the cos t o f r earing an im als is h igh 7

The need to rear animals has reduced with mechanisation 6

CODE 4



Agricultural produce is negat ively af fected due to lesser availability of water 6

4.2 Electricity Electricity is available at night for 8 hours 8

4 .3M iscel laneous I rregular ava ilab il i ty o f fe rt il isers in soc ie ty . Pr ivat e shops take advantage o f th is s it ua tion and sel l t he f er ti li se rs a t a higher rat e. 7

The prices are low when compared to the cost of agriculture (loss making) 5

from livestock






Respondent Type Total

About organic farming

M achines owned M achines ren ted Alterna tive emp loym en t Awareness Current ly doing D iscont inued Will ingness to adopt Use o f cow dung f rom l ivestock

Tractor Harvester Thresher Tractor Harvester Thresher Manure

Marginal 16 22 1 0 80 31 13 16 94 5 6 83 75

Small 26

Small-Medium 34

Medium 24

Large 13

Total 113

Content Analysis: Consolidated

CODE 1: Current practices

1.2: Negative effects of fertilisers

Land is getting hardened 42 71

Land is now dependent on chemical fertilisers for a good crop 48 65

CODE 2: Organic Farming

2.1 Actual/Perceived Benefit No. Of responses Non response

74 39

Agricultural products grown using organic fertilisers are more healthier

74 39

75 38

Cow dung once applied gives benefits till 3-4 years. 26 87

2

111

Perceive organic farming beneficial without using it 5 108

3

110

No benefit from organic farming to farmers 6 107

80 33

65 48

14

99

15 98

57 56

More time is required for preparation of organic fertilisers 43 70

28

85

It gives slow results 7 106

Un abl e to s wi tc h t o or gani c f ar mi ng w it hou t ext er nal s uppor t 1 1

102

31

82

23

90

14

99

13

100

35 78

17

96

Everyone should adopt organic far mi ng for it to be ef fective 11 102

7

106

CODE 3: Livestock

80 33

76 37

40 73

F or es t c ov er ha s g on e do wn , s o h as th e a re a f or gr az in g o f a ni ma ls 7

106

Th er e i s a dec reas e of spac e i n t he vi ll age to k eep the ani mal s 1 3

100

CODE 4: Other problems faced

4.1 Water

12

101

Ri ver wat er i s u sed on ly by th os e wh o h ave t hei r f iel ds near by 4

109

Water is scarce 93 20

Very few sources of irrigation are functional 23 90

1

112

In Barkhedi kalan village, water is made available once in 4 days 2 111

19

94

Tubewells dry up till April 9 104

4

109

People use tankers to store water 4 109

43

70

Y iel d f or s oy a w ent down bec au se of l es s av ai labi li ty of wat er . 6

107

4.2 Electricity

Electric ity for f ields i s available f or 8 hours only at ni ght. 75 38

Electricity supply is irregular 22 91

5

108

4.3 Miscellaneous

No timely availability of chemical fertilisers at society 54 59

52

61

Agricultural land is being sold to pay off loans 16 97

Untimely rain damaged the wheat crop this season. 6 107

25

88

5

108

CODE 5: Lake

No benefit is there from the lake 56 57

L an d p ri ce s a re h av e f al le n w it h d em ar ca ti on a s c at ch me nt a re a. 3 7

76

No access to lake water 12 101

Lake is related to the replenishment of bores and wells 1 112

9

104

2

111

Trees are of no value and use to the people. 2 111

Lake has more disadvantages that advantages 20 93

WILLINGNESS

Village Percentage

Mugalia Chhap 78.6

Intkhedi 75.0

Khajuri 66.7

Neelbad 40.0

Sikandrabad 75.0

Nandni 83.3

Korya 100.0

Bishenkhedi 40.0

Beelkheda 80.0

Sevania 0.0

Gora 80.0

Barkhedi Kalan 66.7

Barkheda Nathu 100.0

Lakhapur 62.5

Agricultural products grown using organic fertilisers are better in tasteand fragrance

Organic fertilisers are beneficial for maintaining health of soil and landfertility

Organic manure is analogous to ayurvedic medicine, which may taketime to give results but does not harm the natural system.

Cow dung used as manure leads to 25% less consumption ofchemical fertilisers

1.2 Problems

Yield is lesser with adoption of organic manure only, thus leading tolesser income

Quantity of organic manure required per acre is huge as compared tochemical fertilisers.

It takes at least 4 years for the soil to be able to give average yield with organic fertilisers.

People have never used organic manure and are unaware of theresults. There is a reluctance to adopt organic farming practices

without sufficient evidence of favourable results.

Organic fertilisers are not easily available as compared to chemicalfertilisers

Making organic fertilisers requires too much effort and cost on the partof farmers

Decrease in livestock with the households has made it difficult toproduce organic manure

There is not sufficient space for producing organic manure insufficient quantity

1.3 Possible solutions

If farmers are able to derive benefits similar to chemical fertilisersfrom organic manure, they are willing to shift

Organic farming practices can only be introduced in a phasedmanner. (mix of both, chemical and organic fertilisers must be used)

Technical guidance is needed to adopt organic agricultural practiceseffectively

Prices of such organic products should be kept higher than otherproducts grown using chemical fertilisers to mitigate the losses offarmers due to lesser yield (market creation)

If sufficient quantity of organic fertilizers is made available to farmersfor agriculture, they will adopt it

There has been a decrease in number of animals reared byhouseholds.

The primary reason behind this trend is the cost involved inmaintenance of animals.

The need to rear animals has decreased because of increasedmechanisation

Agricultural produce is negatively affected due to lesser availability of water

In Khajuri, water is abundant in the part of the village lying l eft to theroad owing to proximity to ‘khajuri talaab’ which recharges during rains

Wells recharge themselves during rainy season and dry up till themonth of January

Water for fields is bought from neighbouring fields in absence oftubewells

Growing vegetables is now discontinued by many because of scarcityof water

The fields are not safe at night because of snakes and poisonousinsects. Few farmers have died as well because electricity wasavailable only at night.

Private shops take advantage of irregularity and sell fertilisers at ahigher rate

The costs of agriculture are borne in full, but returns do not match thecosts (agriculture is a loss making occupation)

Earlier, savings were made from soya crop. These days diseaseshave increased in soya crop leading to shrinking net earnings fromsoya.

Fields being near to lake are sometimes prone to submergence whichdestroys the crop

Tree cover near the lake does not let sunlight reach certain parts of thefields.

Analysis of the report (Annexures)

Documents