INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND COMPUTING (IJTC) ISSN-2455-099X, Volume 3, Issue 9 September 2017 IJTC201709006 www. ijtc.org 356 Analysis of IPV-4 and IPV-6 in Networking 1 Sahil Mathew, 2 Nipun Gulti, 3 Megha Sharma 12 B.Tech (CSE), 3 BCA 123 CGC Technical Campus, Jhanjeri (Mohali), India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected]Abstract: IPv4 addresses are not making up the demand of increasing clients. IPV4 addresses have contains 32 bit length; while in IPV6 addresses contains 128 bit. As we know that IPV4 addresses are in binary numbers and represented in decimal; while IPV6 addresses are binary and represented in hexadecimal number. Journey has to be completed from IPv4 to IPv6 because in addition to increase the number of IP addresses it’s efficiency, design, security and many other additional profits are also gained. IPv6 is going to overcome all the disadvantages of IPv4. Presently, IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels are widely used to form the global IPv6 Internet. As we already know that Internet Protocol (IPv6) has been developed to replace the Internet Protocol (IPv4).Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is a obligatory process in the realization of global Internet. The development of IPv6 technology and continuous increases in application, but this process will take long time so a transition method will be needed. There are many IPv4/IPv6 transition methods already exist today, some of them applied in practice and other are still as proposed solutions. IPV4 has less secured than IPV6. It means that introduce IPV6 has high security inbuilt features as compare to IPV4. Tunnelling and encapsulation methods are the mainly techniques that used until now, but all encapsulation mechanisms suffer from the increasing of the overhead traffic network as a result for either encapsulating IPv4 packet in the IPv6 packet or encapsulating IPv6 packet in the IPv4 packet. In this paper we just analysis the IPV4 and IPV6 features, uses and its characteristics that how these protocols are used in networking. Keywords: IPv4, IPv6, Security comparison, IP threats, IP attacks. I. INTRODUCTION Internet protocol address (IP address) i.e a numerical label for each device connected to a data network uses internet protocol for communication. Every machine on a network has a unique identifier. Just as you would write receiver’s address on the letter, computers use the unique identifier to send data to specific computers on a network. Most networks today, including all computers on the Internet, use the TCP/IP protocol as the standard for how to communicate on the network. In the TCP/IP protocol, the unique identifier for a computer is called its IP address. There are currently two major versions of Internet Protocol. The Internet Protocol version 4(IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6).So you must be wandering about IPv1, IPv2, IPv3 and IPv5? We actually did not started with IPv1,IPv2 or IPv3 instead we directly jumped to IPv4 and then to IPv6.See at back that time, computers were not expected to be so wide spread. People were against it.IPv1 would provide merely 256 (2 8 )computers as It uses 8 bits for its internet addresses so we definitely have to jump on the next versions talking about IPv2 it would provide IP addresses to about 65,536(2 16 ) computers similarly when we go higher, the number got bigger and we started with Ipv4. But the main reason was, IPv1, IPv2 or IPv3 were all merged into TCP/IP. These lay the backbone of our network traffic. The IPv5 is called Internet Stream Protocol, it was an experimental protocol but it possessed some problems with speeds and bandwidth so the network enthusiasts jumped to IPv6. As a web developer or website owner it is always good to stay informed about how changing protocols, such as IPv4, IPv6, and even HTTP/2 affect us. IPv4 addresses are pretty much exhausted now which means the world is transitioning to IPv6. This enables the internet to continue to grow and ensure that as many devices as possible can connect to the internet. Today, we want to dive into the difference between IPv4 and IPV6, and also touch on the subject of what happened with IPv5. IPv6 is the next generation Internet Protocol (IP) address standard intended to supplement and eventually replace IPv4, the protocol most Internet services use today. Every computer, mobile phone and any other device connected to the Internet needs a numerical IP address in order to communicate with other devices. It is in our knowledge that IPv4 consists of five classes, A, B, C, D, E. Classes A, B and C have a different bit length for addressing a network host, Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting while class E addresses are reserved for future use. IPv4 uses a 32 bit addressing already mentioned in abstract part, which amounts to 4,294,967,296 unique addresses [1]. An example of an IPv4 address is “158.80.164.3”, it involves four octets of 8 bits each all resulting to a 32 – bit address [5]. In binary form, it would look like 10011110.01010000.10100100.00000011 for the four octet. Internet Protocol (IPv6 or IPng) is the next generation of IP and it is the successor of IP version 4 which is widely used nowadays. The development of IPv6 started in 19 91 and was completed in 1997 by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and was officially used in 2004 when ICANN added IPv6 addresses to its DNS server [2]. Data transfers between hosts in packets across networks, these packets require addressing schemes. Using IPv4 and IPv6 these packets can identify their sources and also find their destinations. Every device on the Internet needs an IP address to communicate with other devices, and the growth of the Internet led to a need for a new alternative for IPv4, because IPv4 cannot provide the needed number of IP address around the world [9]. II. CHALLENGES OF NETWORKING As the Internet and the number of people using it grows exponentially, so does the need for IP addresses so scarcity of IPv4 addresses shoot. It uses 32 bit for its internet addresses therefore it supports 2 32 IP addresses i.e around 4.29 billion which will become scarce commodity in next 2 years. Security related issues also prevail as network security threats were not anticipated back then. Type of Service (TOS) Field in an IPv4 header is used for Quality of Service (QOS) Purposes. There are lot of different type of data travelling in a network and some has higher importance than other. Higher priority data should be processed first because it could contain packets which are important to run network communication such as routing protocols data. Thus TOS field categories difference priority of data, so that a network device could process important data first and less important after that. TOS bit value, higer has more priority. Address IJTC.ORG
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Analysis of IPV-4 and IPV-6 in Networking...Internet Protocol version 6(IPv6).So you must be wandering about IPv1, IPv2, IPv3 and IPv5? We actually did not started with IPv1,IPv2 or
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND COMPUTING (IJTC)
ISSN-2455-099X,
Volume 3, Issue 9 September 2017
IJTC201709006 www. ijtc.org 356
Analysis of IPV-4 and IPV-6 in Networking 1Sahil Mathew, 2Nipun Gulti, 3Megha Sharma