Analysis of Home Energy Management System using IOT · This involves metering and collecting the data, looking for ... Smart thermostat is the one which can be adjusted using the

Analysis of Home Energy Management System using IOT

1Srihari Mandava and 2Abhishek Gudipalli 1,2School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore-632014,

Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract The Internet of Things (IOT) is a network which houses and connects electronics, sensors, software and network connections for collecting and exchanging data to take control of things on this globe. This IOT connects the physical world with the computer based system and at the end, it results in more efficiency, accuracy and profit for the user. The IOT is not limited to a particular area and in future it plays a greater role in each and every area of research. Home Energy Management System (HEMS) is an area which utilizes renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions, coordinating the load at home with the demand and constraints of the user like electricity bill making use of the information from various sensors through different communication technologies. HEMS is one of the areas where this IOT plays a key role in future for making energy management at home as simple as possible for the user. Many researchers and corporate sectors have come forward with their networks for incorporating IOT into HEMS. This paper reviews various architectures of HEMS with IOT to have a brief understanding of each architecture for the future research.

Key Words—Architecture, IOT, HEMS, Sensors, Server, WLAN.

1.INTRODUCTION

any definitions exist for Internet of things (IOT). It covers our living places and parts to know the instant behavior of those. The IOT [A] plays a greater role in many aspects like health care sector, environmental management, Infrastructure management, Manufacturing, Transportation etc... Energy management is another area where IOT has a great role in future. Energy management is a planning of energy production and energy consumption units. “Energy management is the proactive, organized and systematic coordination of procurement, conversion, distribution and use of energy to meet the requirements, taking into account environmental and economic objectives” [1].The key to save energy in any organization is energy management and the energy savings is a global need as it affects the prices of energy and the emissions of carbon gases in to the atmosphere. When energy management is dealt with energy saving, it is the process of monitoring, controlling, and conserving energy in a building or organization. This involves metering and collecting the data, looking for opportunities to save energy, implementing the possibilities to save energy, and tracking the progress on the saving of energy. Energy management is more popular. So far, Energy management is implemented in large size buildings and it started reaching the homes at present. The energy management techniques applied in large size buildings will have the same effectiveness in homes also.

Connected home, smart home, and Internet of things (IOT) are becoming more popular at

present. Many smart devices are entering into market and have been successful in doing an effective service to the public. Smart thermostat is the one which can be adjusted using the mobile. There is a coffee pot which gets turned on by sensing the person getting off bed. The connectivity of internet and the ownership of a smart mobile is seen at all the places of world. The features of this internet

M

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 118 No. 18 2018, 3957-3969ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

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connection and the smart mobile combination will form an IOT. Connected home is possible using the IOT technologies like cloud computing, mobile computing and can be used to measure, control and manage the energy. This has made the home energy management as a good business and service to the public in market.

The connected home is a package of services and solutions adding value to consumers. It is controlled by the user through the core of IOT which connects to the digital devices in home and communicates with them. The devices may range from smart heating system, automated door locks, thermostats connected to electronic devices etc.… This home energy management (HEM) has lot of opportunities in market and also throws lot of challenges to it. The HEMS can select an energy source from either the power grid or household PV system, according to the amount of household power demand, and manage the energy consumption of loads. Therefore, the HEMS is an essential technology in smart grid, in achieving the grid stabilization of a grid-connected PV system, and the efficient energy consumption of household loads.

2. ARCHITECTURES A. RFID

Yang et al. [1] proposed Household Effects Management System (HEMS) shown in Fig. 1, which remembers the user to take their effects. This system is designed by embedding the small radio frequency identification (RFID) tags on the household effects. HEMS is placed at the entrance of the house. When a user leaves his house, HEMS records the movement of household effects. It has one touch panel, four pairs of IR (infrared ray) sensors to judge the movement of user, two RFID readers and one database server. The HEMS compares the objects sensed by RFID readers, compares them with the objects saved in the database by user and shows the missing object on the touch panel giving an alarm signal.

Middleware

Location Notification Module

AWID Module

HuaHeng Module

Syris Module

Other Module

Fig. 1. RFID Middleware Architecture In this system, OSGi is used for the implementation of location notification module in middleware. Middleware supports the RFID readers of different manufacturers. As the middleware is implemented on OSGi, other OSGi services can access the services with the RFID middleware. The system has some problem in reading data as mentioned in the [2] .Different materials like glass, metal and liquids are used as tags to overcome the problem.

B. Internet Protocol

Rasheed et al. from Intel Corporation [3], has presented Digital Home scenarios and then provided the interoperability requirements. The digital home usage scenarios like watching TV and

Applications

Reader Reader Reader Reader

Tag Tag Tag Tag Tag

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movies, listening music, Capturing and Sharing Life’s moments in Pictures and then addresses the home interoperability requirements. Vendor interoperability is used between the devices and it is the capability for the home devices to have communication and exchange of information from one to one. The requirements that have been addressed for vendor interoperability are , devices inside and outside home should have an end-to-end connectivity, a proper framework for the discovery , configuration and control, a common protocol for transmitting information, the management of media and control of framework commonly, a quality service and the policy management at a flexible rate, authentication and authorization mechanisms for users and devices, Common commercial content protection and Digital Rights Management framework and Standard mechanisms for user interfaces at a distance. The framework meeting the mentioned vendor requirements is proposed as in Fig.2 .This system has four layers, the device framework, internet working, platform middleware and application and service layers. The device framework layer has broadcast and broadband access for connecting to the IP and non-IP connections. It also has Wired LANs and Wireless LANs connections. The Internetworking layer makes use of internet protocols which sheaths the data from upper-layer protocols with address information. This address information is used for routing the data to the network. The platform middleware layer is for discovering the device, configuring and controlling the building block based on UPnP technology [4]. It has blocks such as data transfer and media storming, media management and control, remote I/O, quality of service, policy management, authentication and authorization and system management. The Applications and Services layer coordinates the middleware building blocks and interaction with the user using an interface. The system also takes care of content protection and digital rights management for multimedia content on a device. This Home Interoperability Framework (HIF) benefits the consumers with more flexibility in selecting the entertainment they need from the content providers by supporting content protection mechanisms, increases revenue opportunities for the service providers and creates more business opportunities for both personal computer and consumer electronics vendors.

Application and Service Layer Content protection and digital rights management

Platform Middle Layer System management Gateway management Authentication and authorization QOS and policy management Remote I/O Media management & control Data transfer and media streaming components Device discovery and configuration & control

Internetworking Layer

Device Connectivity Layer Broadcast & Broadband access Wireless LANs Wired LANs

Fig. 2. Home Interoperability Framework

Bae et al. has focused on data broadcasting and home networking services [5] using ACAP middleware and the Universal Middleware Bridge (UMB) stack. In this system shown in Fig.3, the home networking services can be managed using TV interface by applying Java TV Xlet interface and HAVi user interface APIs [6]. It also provides service of data broadcasting using graphics resolution, video format and media streaming for devices at home without ACAP middleware. The home server is the central hub which links the home networked devices and controls them through


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UMB stack. The advances common application programs (ACAP) are data broadcasting services and are based on java environment. The ACAP middleware contains series of actions to provide the service of data broadcasting for identifying application information from transport stream packets. The UMB makes interoperability of heterogeneous home network middleware in the wired/wireless home network environment. It manages exchange of information for a device to plug-in/out, event subscription and notification and control of device. The service device manager (SDM) has SDM adaptor and SDM module which are used to manage and run the home network services.

ACAP Receiver Server Proxy Event Manager Graphics manager Video Manager

Home Server Service Broker

Home Networked Device Event handler Graphics handler Video handler

SSDP HTTP HTTSP RTSP TCP/IP UDP/IP Wired/Wireless

Fig.3. Advanced Common Application Platform Architecture The home networking services downloads and runs the application known as an Xlet using DSM-CC object and data carousels and manages its lifecycle through the application manager. This interface is for linking data broadcasting services with home networking services in ACAP receiver. This architecture has highly flexible solution for interoperability problems of data broadcasting and home networking of HEMS.

C. Appliance and Service Reorganization

Jinsoo Han et al. [7] proposed a service-oriented power management as shown in Fig. 4 for an integrated home server [8-10] to reduce the power consumption of the home server. It classifies its resources into small blocks according to the service and supplying power only to the resources needed for a specific service. The home server provides various entertainment services. When a user request a particular service, the resources of other services are not necessary. Power management is applied to the home server by switching off the resources which are not in use at that particular instant.

Fig. 4. The architecture of home server

Home Automation

Main Processor

WLAN

UWB

1394

Media Decoder

MPEG2 TS

Distributor

Ethernet

Controller

CM

Terrestrial

Cable

Tuner

Cable

CARD

A/V

Port


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In the home network with a home server and three media adapters, the user can watch a TV of any connection; play a game or multimedia file via the home server in the living room. The user selects each service through UI (User Interface) on the TV screen. When a user selects a particular service, the resources which are not in use are switched by PCI devices to a sleep mode and ceases power supply to the other devices. Hyun Sang et al. have used power strip smart meters [11-12] to monitor and control the electric power consumption at ach power outlet ports in the power outlet to reduce standby power consumption. A smart multi-power tap (SMPT) is multi-outlet power strip type smart meter which provides important contextual information like identity and location of electric home appliances based on power consumption data and the control of power supply to the appliances. In this [13], a mathematical model and a solution are proposed for obtaining the location information when the connections among SMPTs are of tree structure. An SMPT consists of a sensor and an actuator module. It forwards electric power consumption data to home area network (HAN) using communication links like ZigBee, Bluetooth, or PLC for optimizing power consumption more effectively. It uses programmable logic devices (PLD) and physical makers to identify appliances and obtain contextual location information for identifying appliances and obtain contextual location information. From this data, using home network service server, it can identify more concrete power consumption trends of users. The SMPT issues warning messages to users before if the cumulative power consumption of the appliances exceeds the power capacity of the SMPT. It can pre-detect this problem and ensures automated power management of the SMPT without the use of circuit breaker. The identifier operation using signal processing is to be optimized to reduce the time. Ying-Xun et al. developed a framework [14] to recognize electric appliances in home networks, using sensing devices for measuring the power consumption of the appliances. The system will categorize all the electric appliances for recognizing the devices. A control list of appliances is built from these recognitions on the platform for appliance intercommunication. In parallel, the automatic control services of the household appliance are integrated by the system to control devices based on power consumption plans of users to form a bidirectional monitoring services.

Fig. 5. The Appliance Management HEMS shown in Fig.5 receive the electric energy information from all the smart meters using wireless transmission interface and measures power consumption of electric devices and passes the same to Automatic Meter Reading (ARM) or Home Information Display (HID) for display purposes. Using Electric Energy Feature Parameters (EEFP) captured from the power information, this system can recognize the devices. The noise that is added in to the signal is reduced using current clustering. This system allows the users to know electric devices which are currently used and allows them to remotely control household appliances. This system had shown a recognition rate of 95% and successfully controlled general household electric appliances in home network. Chin-Feng et al. proposes a recognition mechanism of appliance and activity for energy management system [15].The framework is shown in Fig. 6. It has a management service layer which recognizes current household appliances and makes communication services among various appliances, using Naive Bayes from the electric appliances in use and the variation of its states. This can be connected to the web via IP, and the end devices of various protocols can be connected to

Home

Devices

Fan

TV Heater

Iron Box

Smart meter

Control Module

User Interface

Recognition

Preprocess

Hardware


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the bottom. In this, ZigBee, Bluetooth and TCP/IP communication protocols are major devices. The heterogeneous platform device module converts transmission packets and formats effectively for the mediation module for registration and protocol communication. The activity recognition model gets the information from the context database in the gateway. This information is then analyzed by the context provider bundle and adds it with the information from other bundles. The activity learning system finds the correlation between activity and electric appliance and stores in the activity database. The activity recognition system groups the service data of various devices into activities and forms the relevance between the activities and devices.

Application of Intelligent Middleware Module

APnUS controller service Device service

Activity Reorganization Module Classification Analysis Context parser service Device block selection Device activity similarity calculation Reasoning Service

Heterogeneous Network Protocol

Conversion Service

Electrical Appliance Recognition Module

Open Service Gateway Initiative

Heterogeneous Network End Device Module

Fig. 6. Overall System Architecture

D. Active Sensor Networks

The system shown in Fig. 7, developed by Changsu Suh et al. [16] divides the tasks of home and assign to appropriate components. It integrates the sensing information from different points and takes control of various consumer home devices, using sensor and actuator components [17].

Fig. 7. Home Control System based on Active Sensor Networks

Active Sensor

Networks

Interaction Components

Infra-Red comm from TV,

AC

Relay for curtain Gas

PIR

Relay for lamp

Decision Component

Sensing Component

Service Component

Control Component

Additional Communication


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It is supported by active sensor networks (i.e., wireless sensor/actuator networks) and wired/wireless communications technologies and the home devices such as lamps, gas valves, curtains, TVs, and air conditioners are easily controlled. It can also operate with various mobile devices, such as PDA and mobile phones, using IEEE 802.11/802.3, RFID and CDMA technology supporting IEEE 802.15.4 [18]. The sensing component in this gets the data form the active sensor elements deployed at home and transfers the same to the decision component. The decision component then finds out the current home environment and triggers the appropriate service component. The service provided by the service components includes security, automation and management at home. The control component provides special control commands to the elements like relays, and switches for controlling the home devices like TVs, air conditioners, lamps etc.… The interaction between the home control system and the sensor network is done by the interactive component.

E. Bluetooth

Tajika et al. introduced a novel HEMS architecture [19] shown in Fig. 8 for connecting home appliances to network using Bluetooth technology with internet. This forms a home network using Bluetooth devices to control/monitor home appliances connected to network by commands which are integrated in service contents offered by an application service provider to a user. This system has devices having Bluetooth access point and home terminal in a home. In this system, major loads like refrigerators, microwave ovens, air conditioners, and washing machines are embedded with Bluetooth units to connect with the internet for communicating with the application service provider (ASP). The home terminal also have an Bluetooth unit connected to the network providing a well-designed GUI to user via touch panel and voice recognition and also to work as a service home gateway between major loads and ASP. Bluetooth PAN profile [20] is used to provide point to multipoint capability which is also compatible with Internet architecture. Bluetooth access point work as a NAP (Network Access Point) and home appliances work as PANUs (PAN Users) fulfilling PAN roles. This framework limits the destination only to a selected access point and is protected from illegal access by Bluetooth security features without complex interaction. Fig. 8. Home network system using Bluetooth ECHONET

TM Ver3 [21] functions for control/monitoring home appliances which sit on top of the

UDP/IP on Bluetooth PAN profile is embedded in all the home appliances. This is not a remote controlling architecture, a new architecture for decentralizing service modules. ASP, which has service contents and related information is located in the Internet, and is logically connected to home appliances by Internet protocols via home router. Depending on the demand, the user is provided by services through Home Terminal, together with associated content and control commands. When an appliance control is requested by user using http service, the control commands included in the content is changed to ECHONET command in Home Terminal and then transferred to a

Home Devices like Washing Machine,

desktop, TV

Home Router

Bluetooth Access Point

Home Terminal

User Interface

Home gateway Function

Internet

Application Service Provider

Washing management Stock management

Appliance control


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corresponding appliance. This system needs only updating of the content and control commands in the ASP dynamically for more flexibility of services.

F. Power Line Communication

Masahiro et al. developed an architecture [22] show in Fig. 9 which is composed of physical layer, data link layer, middleware, device objects of appliances, and application software. The system has two types of nodes controller and appliance nodes. The controller node of any house device is used for controlling and monitoring the appliances and sensors. The physical and data link layers of controller node are implemented by network and interfaced with PCMCIA or USB port which enables flexible customizing with adding and deleting of device objects. As the appliances like water heater, air conditioner, ventilator etc.… are not required to have connection with the network; the appliances nodes have limited network expandability. The appliance nodes equip appliance with monitor and control capabilities and to provide a network function to appliance when it joins HEMS.

Fig. 9. Home network system using Bluetooth

Network function is divided into appliance and Network Adapter and is connected by Compact Appliance Control Interface (CACI). CACI is serial commutation interface with Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). Appliance has application software, device objects, and CACI. Network Adapter consists of CACI, proxy objects, network middleware, Logical Link Control (LLC), and modem. Spread Spectrum (SS) technology cannot use frequency band effectively and cannot coexists with narrow band PLC on the same power line. For solving this problem and meet the requirements of HEMS, this work has developed DTPLC [22] by improving OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology. The architecture [23] of Young-Sung et al. shown in Fig. 10 is based on power line communication which is easy to access information of energy consumption at home, helps in planning for controlling the appliances, and optimizes the consumption of power at home. It has three modules power planning engine (APCPE), a device control module (DCM) and a power resource management server (PRMS). In [23], the houses are assumed to be equipped with solar panels, wind mill, smart meter and intelligent appliances controllable by power line communication. The smart meter provides data on power consumption for every 15 minutes through an energy service portal (ESP) using a broadband Internet connection and the same information will be available on web in 30 minutes. This system relies on the history of power consumption to control appliances. The APCPE and the Device control module (DCM) are in residential gateway RG. The PRMS is operated by a local agent designed for energy management of loads at home, network configuration and service agent’s management policy. The DCM acclimates and takes controls of all devices like an air-conditioner, boiler etc.… using power line communication (PLC) technology. The APCPE develops an optimized control plan

Network Adapter

IF Software Proxy objects

Network Middleware

LLC Modem

IF Software

LLC

Modem

Controller

Application Software

Network Middleware

Objects IF Software

Appliance

Appliance Software

Appliance Objects IF Software

Home Network

Interface

Interface


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and gathers information device status and the policy information from the PRMS. The APCPE and the PRMS manages the information of power consumption and APCPE controls the power consumption by making changes in the network automatically.

Fig. 10. Home network system using Power Line Communication This system [23] reduced the total cost of power consumption by about 10%.

Web Interface

Security service

Heating service Cleaning service

Advanced Power

Control Planning

Engine

User profile

Energy Cost Policy

Energy Usage

Pattern

Power Line

Communication

Smart meter profile Power generation profile

Sensor profile

Entertainment profile HVAC profile

Lighting profile

Web Interface

Security manage

House manage

Utility manage

Power Resource

Management Server

Configuration

Planning Fault management

Weather Information

Cost information Planning information

Appliance information

Utility information

Remote

Management

Protocol


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TABLE I COMPARISION OF EXISTING HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM METHODS USING IOT.

References Method Tools Purpose Limitations

Yang et al. [1] Infrared IR sensors, Database server,

OSGi

To remember the forgotten

objects on the touch panel and alarm the family members

System has some

problem in reading data as mentioned in [2]

Rasheed et al. [3] Internet protocol 802.11 wireless LANs, IP-

based internetworking,

and the UPnP∗ architecture

To collaborate the Personal

Computer (PC) and

Consumer Electronics (CE) industries creating innovative

and interoperable solutions.

This showed the

way for new usage

scenarios and significantly improved

consumer experiences.

Bae et al. [5] Internet protocol Java TV Xlet interface and

HAVi user interface APIs

data broadcasting and home

networking services

The home networking

services can be

managed using TV interface by applying

Java TV Xlet interface

and HAVi user interface APIs

Jinsoo Han et al.

[7]

Internet Fast Ethernet ports,

a cable modem (CM) tuner, WLAN

UWB, IEEE 1394,

ZigBee, an IR receiver, and an RS-232C.

For a service-oriented power

management of an integrated home server

This method reduces

the power consumption of the home server

Hyun Sang et al.

[11]

power strip smart

meters

Sensor and an actuator

module, ZigBee, Bluetooth

and PLC

For an automated power

management of electric power

consumption.

This method helps to

reduce standby power

consumption.

Ying-Xun et al.

[14]

Current clustering

algorithm

Smart meter, wireless

module, ethernet

To recognize and control devices

based on power consumption

plans of users to form a bidirectional monitoring services.

This system allows the

users to know electric

devices which are currently used and

allows them to remotely

control household appliances.

Chin-Feng et al.

[15]

Naive Bayes, ZigBee,

Bluetooth and TCP/IP

To design electric appliance-

oriented IoT energy

management system using electric home appliance recognition.


recognize an appliance

and take an action on it for energy management.

Changsu

Suh et al. [16]

wireless

sensor/actuator network using a

new protocol

LQIR (Link Quality

Indicator based

Routing)

WLAN,

Ethernet, RFID and CDMA

Proposed a new intelligent home

control system


integrate the sensing

information from different points and

takes control of various

consumer home devices, using sensor

and actuator

components

Tajika et al. [19] Bluetooth Bluetooth PAN profile, This method proposed a new

home network using

Bluetooth devices to control and monitor the devices using the

commands

offered by an application service provider

This framework limits

the destination only to a

selected access point and is protected from

illegal access by

Bluetooth security features without

complex interaction.

ECHONETTM Ver3. [21]

Bluetooth Internet protocols, Active server pages(ASP), home

router

Proposed a novel architecture for decentralizing service modules

Depending on the demand, the user is

provided by services

through Home Terminal, together with

associated content and control commands


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3.CONCLUSIONS Table I shows comparison of existing home energy management system methods using IOT.

HEMS are the most effective energy management systems which receive information of electricity pricing from the utility and go for automation functions at home. The system may be costly but it increases efficiencies. The HEMS can be made easier, interoperable and efficient by using various communications and networking technologies. IOT is making our life easier with different technologies and applications. In this paper, various architectures of HEMS using IOT are presented and explained briefly about the structure, communication between main components and the technologies used for each architecture.

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“Design and Implementation of HEMS Based on RFID and OSGI of paper,” Wireless Peers Commun, Vol 59, pp.73–83, 2011.

[2] Wu, N. C., Nystrom, M. A., Lin, T. R., & Yu, H. C, “Challenges to global RFID adoption”, Technovation, 12(26), 1317–1323, 2006.

[3] Yasser Rasheed, Jim Edwards, Charlie Tai, ”Home Interoperability Framework for the Digital Home” , Intel Technology Journal, Vol 6, issue 4,pp.05–16, 2002.

[4] UPnP Forum [Online], Available: http://www.upnp.org [5] Yu-Seok Bae, Bong-Jin Oh, Kyeong-Deok Moon, and Sang-Wook

Kim, “Architecture for Interoperability of Services between an ACAP Receiver and Home Networked Device”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics , Vol. 52, No. 1, pp.49 – 50, Jan2006.

[6] K. D. Moon, Y. H. Lee, and C. E. Lee, “Design of a Universal Middleware Bridge for Device Interoperability in Heterogeneous Home Network Middleware,” IEEE Transaction on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp.314-318, Feb. 2005.

[7] Jinsoo Han, Intark Han, and Kwang-Roh Park, “ Service-Oriented Power Management for an Integrated Multi-Function Home Server” , IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 53, No.1,pp.204-208, April 2007.

[8] Changseok Bae, Jinho Yoo, Kyuchang Kang, Yoonsik Choe, and Jeunwoo Lee, “Home Server for Home Digital Service environments,” IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1129-1135, Nov. 2003.

[9] Changseok Bae, Jinwoo Seok, Yoonsik Choe, and Jeunwoo Lee,“Multimedia Data Processing Elements for Digital TV and Multimedia Services in Home Server Platform,” IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 64-70, Feb. 2003.

[10] Intark Han, Hong-Shik Park, Youn-Kwae Jeong, and Kwang-Roh Park, “An Integrated Home Server for Communication, Broadcast Reception, and Home Automation,” IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 104-109, Feb. 2005.

[11] Hyun Sang Cho, Takekazu Kato, Tatsuya Yamazaki, and Minsoo Hahn, “Simple and Robust Method for Detecting the Electric Appliances Using Markers and Programmable Logic Devices”, ISCE 2009.

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[13] Hyun Sang Cho, Tatsuya Yamazaki, Minsoo Hahn, “ Determining Location of Appliances from Multi-hop Tree Structures of Power Strip Type Smart Meters”, IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 2314 - 2322, Nov. 2009.

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[15] Chin-Feng Lai, Ying-Xun Lai, Laurence Tianruo Yang, Han-Chieh Chao, “Integration of IoT Energy Management System with Appliance and Activity Recognition”, IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications, Conference on Internet of Things, and Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, 2012.

[16] Changsu Suh, Young-Bae Ko, “Design and Implementation of Intelligent Home Control Systems based on Active Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol.54, pp. 1177 – 1184, Aug 2008.

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[20] Bluetooth PAN(Personal Area Networking) Profile [Online], Available: http://www.bluetooth.com

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[24] Joon Heo, Choong Seon Hong, Seok Bong Kang, Sang Soo Jeon, “Design and Implementation of Control Mechanism for Standby Power Reduction”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 54, No.1, pp.179-185, Feb.2008.


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Analysis of Home Energy Management System using IOT · This involves metering and collecting the data, looking for ... Smart thermostat is the one which can be adjusted using the

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