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Anaerobic respiration pathways and response to increased substrate availability of Arctic wetland soils
Notes to the publisher: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (https://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).
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MP, BG, and DEG conceived the idea. MP conducted the experiments, data synthesis,
and wrote the paper. LZ and ZY contributed to the field sampling and incubation experiments.
NT performed microbial measurements and data analyses, and all authors discussed and
contributed to manuscript writing and interpretation. BG, DEG, and SDW oversaw the project.
Conflicts of Interest
There are not conflicts to declare.
Acknowledgments
We thank Xiangping Yin for technical support and Xujun Liang for assistance in
constructing the soil microcosms. This research was part of the Next Generation Ecosystem
Experiments (NGEE-Arctic) project supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental
Research, Office of Science, in the Department of Energy (DOE). All data supporting the
conclusions of this work can be found on the NGEE-Arctic Data Portal (https://ngee-
arctic.ornl.gov/data, DOI: 10.5440/1529131). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by
UT-Battelle LLC for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
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Table 1. Summary of terminal electron acceptor (TEA) budgets during incubation experiments. TEA budgets are constructed assuming that one mole of CO2 is produced for every four moles of Fe(II) produced, and two moles of CO2 are produced per mole of SO4
2- reduced.
Site Treatment Days CO2 produced CH4 produced ΔFe(II)a ΔSO42- TEAs Methanogenesisb Other
µmol g-1 dw µmol g-1 dw µmol g-1 dw µmol g-1 dw % of CO2 % of CO2 % of CO2
Figure 1. Cumulative CO2 and CH4 production in the Teller and Council soil incubations. Symbols and error bars indicate mean ± 1 standard deviation of three replicate microcosms.
Figure 2. Ratio of cumulative CO2 to CH4 production in the Teller and Council soil incubations.
Figure 3. Time series of sulfate and ferrous iron concentrations in soil extracts over the course of the incubation experiments.
Figure 4. Time series of acetate concentrations in water extracts of Teller and Council soils over the course of incubation.
Figure 5. (A) Changes in relative abundance of microbial populations at Phylum level at different amendment conditions. NA: not assigned to a known phylum. (B) PCoA plot of total microbial community composition in samples based on Bray- Curtis distances. Axes show explained percent variation. Reference (red circle) represent samples collected at each study site prior to incubation. Control (dark goldenrod) represent soils incubated but not subjected to any amendment. Table shows correlations among ordination of samples with changes in soil chemistry during incubation. Significant correlations are in bold.
Figure 6. Bacterial OTUs that are differentially abundant at different sampling point. The y-axis represents Log fold changes (LogFC) of relative abundance calculated by EdgeR. Changes in OTU abundance was calculated between control and microbial abundances means from acetate amended Teller and Council soils at different dates of incubation. Positive LogFC values for each microbial taxa (at the genus level; FDR < 0.05) present significant increase.
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Divergent soil biogeochemical conditions will determine the fate and pathways of labile carbon released during permafrost thaw, thereby influencing the production of greenhouse gas mixtures and radiative forcing of tundra soils.
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