An X3D Presentation Sujan Inala Uday Viyyure David Chiu.

An X3D Presentation

Sujan InalaUday ViyyureDavid Chiu

DISCLAIMER

This tutorial on X3D has been collected by the authors over the Internet and by reading research articles over the Internet for the class study purpose in ‘Distributed Multimedia Languages’. The authors do not claim any credit for this work. The sources of collection have been referred at the end of this presentation.

Lecture Topics

Introduction to X3D X3D Concepts X3D Research and Development

What Is X3D?

The X3D is an Open Standards XML-enabled 3D file format to enable real-time communication of 3D data across all applications and network applications . It combines a run-time delivery engine and VRML 97-inspired file format with XML bindings, with strong industry support for a proven standardization process.

-- From Web3D Press Release

X3D is a revision/replacement for VRML97. It adds the following new functionality and formalizes some extensions that have developed

since VRML97 Full backwards compatibility with VRML97 Full extensibility through Components and Profiles Core profile is a limited subset of VRML97 for lightweight plug-ins

and MPEG4 compatibility Optional XML and binary encodings, in addition to VRML's traditional

ASCII encoding

What is X3D? (Cont)

What is X3D?

H-Anim - Humanoid Animation. Standardized hierarchical structure and interface for animated avatars

GeoVRML the representation of accurate real-time geographical data using VRML

NURBS - organic models described using NURBS mathematics rather than polygons thus significantly reducing filesize and increasing render optimisation

2-way Web page communication through a multi-language scene authoring interface (SAI)

Universal Media - In-built standard media items (textures, models etc) to speed download time

Multi-texturing extensions

X3D History

Uses of X3D

Capabilities - Multitexture Web3DConsortium/VirtuWorlds/Daly Realism

Capabilities - Animation 3Name 3D/ Naval Postgraduate School

Capabilities - Interactivity ParallelGraphics

Uses - CAD MediaMachines

Uses - Entertainment MediaMachines

Uses of X3D (continued) Uses - Interior Design

MediaMachines

Uses - Architecture Access Development Corporation/Daly Realism

Uses - TrainingParallel Graphics

Uses - ScientificDr. Paul May,School of Chemsitry,University of Bristol, UK.

Uses - Educational Parallel Graphics

Why Use X3D over VRML97?1. VRML compatible 2. XML encoding to integrate smoothly with other applications 3. X3D scenes and environments operate predictably between

different players 4. X3D is componentized5. X3D authoring for any player is consistent and simpler6. X3D is more feature rich 7. X3D is continually being enhanced and updated 8. X3D applications can be certified as reliable and predictable 9. An X3D open source conformant application is available as a

developer resource 10. X3D binary format offers encryption (i.e. security) and

compression (i.e. speed)

X3D Document Structure An X3D file is structured as defined in ISO/IEC 19775-1 Tags are Case SeNsiTiVe All Tags Must Close

<Tag> … </Tag> <Tag />

Attributes are Contained Within Quotes (" or ´) XML Declaration Document Type Definitions (DTD) Statement Root Tag

The structure of an X3D file

Header : The header is a single line of UTF-8 text identifying the file as an XML file, followed by the XML declaration

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

DOCTYPE : This provides both PUBLIC and SYSTEM literals for the X3D Document Type Definition (DTD)

<!DOCTYPE X3D PUBLIC "ISO//Web3D//DTD X3D3.0//EN" "http://www.web3d.org/specifications/x3d-3.0.dtd">

Root tag : specifies profile information and optionally schema validation

EXAMPLE:

<X3D profile='Immersive'> <head> <component name='Geospatial'/> <component name='NURBS' level='2'/> <meta name='description' content='X3D scene header and prototype syntax examples. '/> <meta name='filename' content='X3dHeaderPrototypeSyntaxExamples.x3d'/> </head> <Scene>  </Scene></X3D>

X3D Profiles

Core Profile Supports Basic

Interactive 3D Scenes

VRML Profile Full VRML97 Support

GeoVrmlProfile Extensions from the GEO

WG

X3D Extensions Extensions to X3D/VRML

Lecture Topics


Authoring and Playback Browser virtual world viewer user navigation Generators Loaders

Time zero loaderLoader with run time execution

Scene Graph

Basic unit for x3d runtime environment Contains objects and relationships Root nodes Hierarchy Co-ordinate system

Behavior graph

Run-time environment

Functions Manages graph Renders scene as needed Manages life cycle of objects Co-ordinates the processing of Events Manages inter operation between browser

and the host

Object model

Individual entities of the x3d system Two types of objects

Field object Node object

Common Characteristics Name , Implementation

Additional characteristics for node object Fields , Events, Name

Object model (cont..)

Ways to modify objects Using Routes Using Event propagation or Data flow model at run time Programmatic access

Life cycle of objectsNode is considered live if

It is a root node in the scene It is referred by a field of a live node It is referred by a live script to the node External programmatic reference

Event Model Events

Primary means of generating behavior Driving time based animations Handling object picking Detect user movement and collision

Routes It is a construct to establish an event path. connects output events of a node to input events of another. Redundant routing path is ignored.

Execution model

Component

Core component Time component Networking component Grouping component Rendering component Shape component Geometry3d,2d components Text component Sound component Distributed interactive

component

Lighting component Texturing component Interpolation component Pointing device sensor

component Key device sensor

component Environmental sensor

component Geospatial component Humanoid animation

component Scripting component

It is a set of related functionality consisting of various objects and service

Flux [9]

This is used mainly for deploying web-standard graphics.

Consists of three main components. Engine Web tools Media player

Lecture Topics


Status of X3D

Standardization of 3 specifications are currently pending

X3D Framework & SAI (19775-1:200X) X3D Encodings (19776-1:200X) X3D Language Bindings (19777:200X)

xVRML [5]

XML implementation of VRML97 Lightweight Tightly focused on Virtual Environments Abandons support for outside apps

No GIS support, etc

Visualizing Human Consciousness [1]

Models human consciousness and contents

Uses TwinVR Main Virtual Env (any virtual world) Conceptual Virtual Env (abstract modeling of

Main VE) Authors modeled “Personal Construct

Psychology” (G.A. Kelly, 1955)

Visualizing Human Consciousness

PCP theory describes a different way to look at the world [2]

Their perception is used as data to form Personal constructs

Personal Constructs are meanings for why people are attached to people, situations, and events.

Predict or control course of events


Current method: Repertory Grid Technique (2D grid) Constructs are graded on a 5-to-7 point scale

Limitations of the 2D view Real life situations are more complex Some viewpoints are hard to visualize


The need for 3D Architecture of consciousness is 3D Mind’s content is a constant flow of events These events are by nature 3D They exist not as mental images,

associations, holistic structures, etc!

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Behavior3D [4]

3D Entity Behavior: Level 0: Direct modification of entity’s

attributes Level 1: Change of an entity’s attributes over

time Level 2: Series of calls to Level 1 Level 3: Top-level decision making

Behavior3D

Problems: X3D does not offer good support for complex behavior

modeling and reuse Behavior control demands programming knowledge

Solution: Behavior3D is declarative - easy for authoring tools to

automate code Behavior3D should integrate or interoperate with X3D

Behavior3D

Why not use X3D provided behavior control nodes? Only cover behavior levels 0 and 1 Insufficient for complex animations or state-

based modeling of 3D scenes Authors need to use script node to realize

common 3D functionality

Behavior3D

Behavior3DNode - XML language that describes behavior nodes at the development level

Behavior3D - XML language that describes these predefined Behavior3dNode elements s at the usage level

Behavior3D - Java3D Implementation

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

InTML [6,7,8]

Interaction Technique Markup Language Formerly 3dml Object-oriented view of 3D interaction

Abstraction: hides programming complexity Interaction Technique reuse

InTML

Addresses two main issues: Readability Rapid Development

Defines abstract classes of Interaction Techniques, allows its instances and VR Objects to build applications

A Filter Smallest processing

unit It takes the data

received in its input ports and produces the information in output ports

It runs every frame

aFilterInputPorts

OutputPorts

Some Filters

PointerBased

SelectionTechnique

objects

selected object

pointer position

Car-LikeNavigation

wheel angleposition

gas pedal level orientation

break pedal level

seconds

References

[1] V. Geroimenko and L. Geroimenko, “Visualizing Human Consciousness Content Using Java3D/X3D and Psychological Techniques”, ACM Press, 2000.

[2] PCP Research Group: http://www.psyc.uow.edu.au/research/pcp/ [3] Web3D Consortium: http://www.web3d.org [4] R. Dachselt and E. Rukzio, “Behavior3D: An XML-based Framework for 3D

Graphics Behavior”, ACM Press, 2003. [5] The xVRML Project: http://www.xvrml.net [6] P. Figueroa, M. Green, and H. James Hoover, “3dml: A Language for 3D

Interaction Techniques Specification” [7] P. Figueroa, M. Green, and H. James Hoover, “InTML: A Description Language for

VR Applications”, ACM Press, 2002. [8] InTML: http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~pfiguero/InTml/ [9] T. Parisi. “FLUX: light weight, standards-web based graphics in xml.” ACM Press.

An X3D Presentation Sujan Inala Uday Viyyure David Chiu.

Documents

x3d x3d concepts x3d

x3d applications

x3d authoring

use x3d

x3d scenes

x3d history slide

x3d binary format

development slide