An Overview of Pipeline Configuration Alternatives Figure 1
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An Overview of Pipeline Configuration Alternatives
Figure 1
Presentation Objectives
• basic concepts • simplified definitions • historical background
Figure 1a
Basic Concepts and Definitions
• single wall pipelines • pipe-in-pipe pipelines • pipe bundle pipelines • typical installation equipment • typical installation methods
Figure 2
Historical Background
• pipe-in-pipe and pipe bundle installation • statistics on worldwide installation • installed lengths, sizes, water, depth, etc.
Figure 2a
Breakout Sessions
Discussion of:
• comparison of pros and cons of various alternatives
• preferred pipeline configuration for Alaska’s offshore
Figure 3
Pipeline Configurations Single Wall Pipelines
Single wall pipeline
Internal corrosion coating or factory
External corrosion coatinginstalled inlays
External concrete coating
Figure 4
Pipeline Configurations Single Wall Pipelines - with external bundled line
External bundled line
Figure 4b
Pipeline Configurations Single Wall Pipelines
Applications: • most areas of the world • wall thickness and coating
variations match requirements
• external bundles requiring operating flexibility
Figure 5
Pipeline Configurations Pipe-in-Pipe Pipelines
Single Pipe-in-Pipe (Concentric)
Outer jacket pipe
Insulation
Rollers or guidesSpacer/Bulkhead
Inner product pipe
Figure 6
Pipeline Configurations Pipe-in-Pipe Pipelines
Single Pipe-in-Pipe (Concentric)
Typical Applications: • increased
insulation/protection • controlled buoyancy for
installation
Figure 7
Pipeline Configurations Pipe-in-Pipe Pipelines
Single Pipe-in-Pipe with Fixed Bulkhead
Inner product pipe
Outer jacket pipe
Fixed bulkhead
Figure 8
Pipeline Configurations Pipe-in-Pipe Pipelines
Single Pipe-in-Pipe with Fixed Bulkhead
Typical Applications: • insulation/protection • two lines to optimize design • offsets collapse stresses
during installation
Figure 9
Pipeline Configurations Cased Bundles
multiple inner product lines
internal coatings
external corrosion coatings
external insulation weight coatings
Figure 10
Pipeline Configurations Cased Bundles
Typical Applications: • unique and complex
operating conditions • need for utility lines,
power, data • additional insulation • ease of installation
Figure 11
Pipeline Configurations Cased Bundles - Drake F-76
Refrigerant return line 24” Outer jacket pipe
Spacer 18” Carrier Pipe
Thermon heat tracing Heat tracingcables
Flowlines Methanol and Hydraulic Control Lines
Annulus
Figure 12
Offshore Pipeline Installation Equipment and Methods
Installation Equipment Installation Methods • lay barge • open water pipe lay • reel barge/ship • tow or pull • conventional pipeline • over-ice pipe lay
spread
Figure 12a
Conventional Lay Barges
Pipeline Installation Equipment
Pipe storage fit up and welding
Stinger
Figure 13
Pipeline Installation Equipment Conventional Lay Barges
Typical Applications:
• open, calm water • ice-free
Figure 13b
Reel Barges or Ships
Pipeline Installation Equipment
Pipe reel
Stinger
Figure 14
Pipeline Installation Equipment Reel Barges or Ships
Typical Applications: • open, ice-free water • deep water
Figure 14b
Conventional Pipeline Spread
Pipeline Installation Equipment
Figure 14c
Pipeline Installation Equipment Conventional Pipeline Spread
Typical Applications: • shore approach • over-ice • shallow water
Figure 14d
Pipeline Installation Method Open Water Lay
Typical Applications:
• open, calm water • ice-free
Figure 14e
Towed Bundles
Pipeline Installation Methods
Figure 15
Towed Bundles
Pipeline Installation Methods
Figure 15a
Pipeline Installation Methods Towed Bundles
Typical Applications: • deep water • pipe-in-pipe • reduce installation
forces on lay barge or reel barge
• narrow construction window
Figure 15b
Over-ice Installation
Pipeline Installation Methods
Figure 16
Pipeline Installation Methods Over-ice Installation
Typical Applications: • arctic locations • shallow water • shoreline transitions
Figure 16b
Figure 17
Figure 18
Pipe-in-Pipe and Bundle Statistics Total Projects vs. Time
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Number of Projects
1970 - 79 1980 - 89 1990 - 99
7
24
34
NOTE: 85% of all lines were insulated
Figure 19
Pipe-in-Pipe and Bundle Statistics
Figure 20
0 20 40 60 80
100 120 140 160 180
Total miles installed offshore
1970 - 79 1980 - 89 1990 - 99
32
97
161
Total Length vs. Time
Pipe-in-Pipe and Bundle Statistics Geographical Distribution
Figure 21
Pipe-in-Pipe and Pipe Statistics Percentage of Total Pipeline Population
North Sea Gulf of Mexico
Total Offshore Pipe 11,000 mi 23,000 mi
Pipe-in-pipe/bundle 1.0% (103 mi)
0.3% (64 mi)
Figure 22
Pipe-in-Pipe and Pipe Statistics Water Depth for Projects
30%
Distribution 20%
of projects 10% (%)
0%
Water Depth (ft)
29% 24% 24%
3%
20%
0 - 200 200 - 400 400 - 600 600 - 800 800+ Water Depth (ft)
Figure 23
Pipe-in-Pipe and Bundle Statistics Installation Method
23% 9%
68%
0%
50%
100%
Lay Barge Reel Barge Towed Water Depth (ft)
Distribution of
installation methods (%)
Figure 24
2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 8" 10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
22"
24"
26"
28"
30"
36"
Pipe-in-Pipe and Bundle Statistics
55 50 Frequency of 45 40 35 30 Inner Pipe Sizes
20 25 for all Projects 15 10 5 0
Inner Pipe Diameter
55 50
23
10
29 26 21
7 2
8 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 1
3-D Column 1
Inner Pipe Diameter (Nominal Inches)
Figure 25
4" 6" 8" 10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
22"
24"
26"
28"
30"
32"
34"
36"
38"
40"
44"
Pipe-in-Pipe and Bundle Statistics Outer Pipe Distribution
1 3
2 2
4 5
4
6
0
4
10 9
10
1
3 4
2 2
5 3
0
5
10
3-D Column 1
Frequency of Outer Pipe Sizes for all Projects
Outer Pipe Diameter (Nominal Inches)
Figure 26
Summary: Various Configurations
single wall pipe-in-pipe Drake F-76pipe-in-pipeand external with spacer bundlewith bulkhead bundle
Figure 27
Summary: Various Installation Equipment
Figure 28
lay barge conventional pipeline spread
reel ship
Summary: Various Installation Methods
tow or pull
over-ice
open water pipe lay
Figure 29
Summary: Statistics
• >99% of all offshore lines are single wall • increasing number of projects using pipe-in-
pipe/bundles, most insulated • high percentage used in deeper water • towed installation method common • wide range of sizes
Figure 30
An Overview of Pipeline Configuration Alternatives
Figure 31
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