Provider of world class inspection services Provider of world class inspection services …Inspection and Integrity Management…Non-Destructive Testing…Specialist Inspection Services. ..ACET…Pipeline inspection…Rope Access…Vendor Inspection… …Inspection and Integrity Management…Non-Destructive Testing…Specialist Inspection Services. ..ACET…Pipeline inspection…Rope Access…Vendor Inspection… ..ACET…Pipeline inspection…Rope Access…Vendor Inspection… ..ACET…Pipeline inspection…Rope Access…Vendor Inspection… An overview of methods to detect An overview of methods to detect An overview of methods to detect composite/substrate bonding An overview of methods to detect composite/substrate bonding 11/18/2011 1 www.oceaneering.com Donald McNicol Donald McNicol
31
Embed
An overview of methods to detectAn overview of methods to ...
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Provider of world class inspection servicesProvider of world class inspection services…Inspection and Integrity Management…Non-Destructive Testing…Specialist Inspection Services.
..ACET…Pipeline inspection…Rope Access…Vendor Inspection……Inspection and Integrity Management…Non-Destructive Testing…Specialist Inspection Services.
An overview of methods to detectAn overview of methods to detectAn overview of methods to detect composite/substrate bondingAn overview of methods to detect composite/substrate bonding
11/18/2011 1www.oceaneering.com
Donald McNicolDonald McNicol
Main methods
Main methodsMain methods
Ultrasonic
Radiographyg p y
Acoustic Impedance
Microwave
2
Ultrasonic
• Readily available• Data can be reported• Wide range of techniques• Can be automatedCan be automated• Data can be recorded• Minimal environmental/safety impact
Diffi lt t i l• Difficult materials• Difficult to interpret• Needs reflector• Needs couplant
www.oceaneering.com 3
Radiography
• Provides clear image• Provides record• Well understood and accepted• Significant environmental/safety impactSignificant environmental/safety impact• Disruptive to work area• Significant training and regulatory requirement
Diffi lt t d t t ll d it h• Difficult to detect small density changes
www.oceaneering.com 4
Acoustic impedance
• Bondmaster readily available• Track record• Provides good point data• Minimum environmental/safety impactMinimum environmental/safety impact• Needs physical disbond to operate • Data difficult to record
R i l t• Requires couplant• Very difficult to automate for area coverage
Microwave inspection of non metallic materialsnon metallic materials
Materials• ThermoplasticsThermoplastics• Fiberglass piping and patches• Reinforced and non-reinforced rubber
C t• Concrete• Ceramic• Any other bulk dielectric/composite
www.oceaneering.com 7
Detectable defects
• Delaminations• Disbonds
F i M t i l I l i• Foreign Material Inclusions• Voids• Changes in thickness• Moisture or liquid contamination• Mechanical damage• Physical changes due to chemical attackPhysical changes due to chemical attack
www.oceaneering.com 8
Principle of operation
www.oceaneering.com 9
Principle of operation
Material test pieces are bathed in Microwave Energy of a constant frequency. (Low GHz)
Different dielectric constants reflect varying levels of μW energy to a detector.
The energy level is sampled across the test piece and plotted to create an image.g
www.oceaneering.com 10
Principle of operation
Microwaveemitter
Dete
Dete Reflector
emitter
ector A
ector Bwww.oceaneering.com 11
Detector output is in Volts
Data presentation
• Detector voltage A, B and C (A-B) at an X,Y position• Amplitude in Gray scale or Color• Data plot can be manipulated in quasi 3D
Physical Y
Detector Voltage (Z)
Physical X
www.oceaneering.com 12
Equipment
www.oceaneering.com 13
Deployment
www.oceaneering.com 14
Example – Rubber expansion joint
www.oceaneering.com 15
Example – Rubber expansion joint
www.oceaneering.com 16
Example – HDPE pipe butt weld
HDPE Pipe WeldsShows Weld & Data
No Defect
Sand Inclusions
Grass Inclusion
Cold Joint Flaw
www.oceaneering.com 17
Example – Fiberglass pipe coupon
www.oceaneering.com 18
Example – Fiberglass “Clockspring” reinforcement
www.oceaneering.com 19
Example – Fiberglass “Clockspring” reinforcement
Flaw AreasPoor Substrate Adhesion
www.oceaneering.com 20
Example – “AquaWrap” reinforcement
Reinforcement applied over 4 rectangular air bags (approx 0.005 air g g ( ppgap) First (0.5” x 0.5’) applied to surface at 0 degree, second (1” x 1”) at 90 degrees, third (1” x 1”) obliquely at 180 degrees between layers 2 and 3 and fourth (1” x 1”) obliquely at 270 degreesfourth (1 x 1 ) obliquely at 270 degrees between layers 6 and 7 of 8.
www.oceaneering.com 21
Example – “AquaWrap” reinforcement
0.5” Disbond at surface 1” Disbond between layers 2 and 3
1” Disbond at surface 1” Disbond between layers 6 and 71 Disbond at surface 1 Disbond between layers 6 and 7
www.oceaneering.com 22
Example – Bondstrand GRP
www.oceaneering.com 23
Example – GRP to GRP
www.oceaneering.com 24
Example – GRP to GRP
www.oceaneering.com 25
Example – GRP to GRP
www.oceaneering.com 26
Microwave – application status
Current usage Proven application
• Body armour• Ceramic heat shields• HDPE gas distribution piping
•Subsea pipe and manifold insulation•Clockspring type re-enforcement•Piping insulation field jointsHDPE gas distribution piping
• Earthmover tyre rock detection• Rubber expansion joints in
nuclear power stations
p g j•Wind turbine blades•Marine sonar domes•Marine “stealth” material bondingnuclear power stations