An Overview of Inclusion Body Hepatitis-hydropericardium Syndrome (IBH-HPS)

8/14/2019 An Overview of Inclusion Body Hepatitis-hydropericardium Syndrome (IBH-HPS)

1/26

An overview of InclusionAn overview of Inclusion

body hepatitis-body hepatitis-hydropericardiumhydropericardiumsyndrome (IBH-HPS) andsyndrome (IBH-HPS) and

Emergence ofHydropericardium

Syndrome in Broilers ofChitwan Nepal

Dr.Kedar Karki,Dr.Subir SinghDr.Kedar Karki,Dr.Subir Singh

CVL/IAAS,NepalCVL/IAAS,Nepal


2/26

IBH/HPS is an acute infectious diseasecharacterized by typical hydropericardium,severe anaemia, necrotic hepatitis and high

mortality. In natural outbreaks, the affectedbirds may not exhibit any clinical signs (Jaffery, 1988) except sudden heavy

mortality (Ravikumar et al., 1997). Mortality

rates in various outbreaks range from 15-60% (Asrani et al., 1997).


3/26

Inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardiumsyndrome (IBH-HPS), also known as "litchidisease", is a common disease of broilerchicken (Cheema et al., 1989) caused by

fowl adenoviruses of serotype 4. The diseasemostly affects young birds between 3 and 6weeks of age (Niazi et al., 1989) andoccasionally layer and breeder pullets also.

Rarely the disease has been reported fromolder broilers, (Asrani et al., 1997) or inother species of birds like pigeon (Naeemand Akram, 1995).


4/26

Litchi Heart disease, primarily of broilerchickens, was first reported in AngaraGoth near Karachi, Pakistan, during 1987

(Khawaja et al., 1988; Gowda andSatyanarayana, 1994), and it has beenreported to be particularly important insome countries in Asia and America

(Jaffery, 1988; Shane, 1996; Abe et al.,1998).


5/26

In India, the disease was noticed inJammu during April 1994 and by July

1994, it had spread to Punjab (Gowdaand Satyanarayana, 1994).


6/26

Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) inbroiler birds of 3 to 6 weeks of age

was recorded for the first time inthe Haldwani area of Nainital district(UP) in lndia in November, 1994.(RAVlKUMAR, RAJESH CHANDRA, S. K.

SHUKLA 1, D. K. AGRAWAL 2 andMAHESH KUMAR).


7/26

Emergence of Hydropericardium Syndrome inBroilers of Chitwan

In the month of June and July 2009, the

veterinarians of Chitwan have experienced anemergence of Hydropericardium Syndrome(SinghSubir 2009)in Broilers. The disease is showingthe high spread rate with high morbidity andmortality pattern. The disease has been reported

from Navalparashi, Chitwan and Makwanpur.


8/26

Epidemiological Status:ChitwonNepal

Occurs usually in 3 to 5 wks old broiler Mortality is 2 to 5 % daily and morbidity is more than 30 % Mostly chicks with identified origin (imported from India)

through different dealers.

But some Nepalese hatchery sources are also identified. The cases recorded at VTH (IAAS) Rampur, NAL, Bharatpurand by several field veterinarians reveals that the diseaseis in increasing trend.

SPORADIC CASES REPORTED IN Central veterinaryLaboratory Kathmandu also


9/26

Symptoms:

Sudden onset of mortality, dullness,huddling together, ruffled feathers

and mucoid/ yellowish dropping


10/26

Postmortem Findings:

Fluid in the pericardial sac (Hydropericardium), pin point

haemorrhage on pericardium. Congestion of lungs. Liver and Kidney : Enlarged, pale and

friable. Enteritis


11/26

FAV-4 is a highly pathogenic virus (Khawaja et al., 1988) spreading

readily from flock to flock and fromfarm to farm (Cowen, 1992),

transmitted horizontally (Aktar, 1995)by oro-faecal route (Abdul-Aziz and Hassan, 1995).


12/26

The disease may be suspected based oncharacteristic gross lesions, with highmortality, among broiler chicks of 3-6weeks of age (Ravi Kumar et al., 1997).A characteristic gross lesion ishydropericardium, occurring in more

than 90% of the affected birds (Anjumet al., 1989).


13/26

The liver may be pale yellow, swollen,friable/mottled with large areas offocal necrotic patches (Ravikumar

et al., 1997). Abdul-Aziz and Hasan (

1995) reported the presence of gross

lesions in liver and kidneys andmicroscopic lesions in liver, kidneys,bursa and spleen.


14/26


15/26

Hydropericardium


16/26

Hydropericardium


17/26

Haemorrhage on

pericardium


18/26

chick with IBH/HPS showing characteristic

hydropericardium and hepatitis.


19/26

Leechi disease

hydropericardium


20/26

Leechi disease


21/26

Histopathological lesions, particularlythe demonstration of characteristicbasophilic intranuclear inclusion bodiesin hepatocytes, necrotic hepatitis,oedematous and congested lungs,interstitial nephritis with urate

deposition and focal haemorrhages inkidneys help in tentative diagnosis.


22/26

Liver: Hepatocytes showing basophilicintranuclear inclusion bodies. (H & E 400)


23/26

The demonstration of adenoviralparticles in the nucleus of infected cellsby transmission electron microscopy (Chandra et al., 1997) can conclusivelyprove the aetiology.


24/26

Immunodiagnosis can be performed by employingserological tests such as gel diffusion, indirecthaemagglutination test, immunoperoxidase and ELISA(Noor-ul-Hassan et al., 1994; Oberoi et al., 1996;

Nagal et al., 1990; Saifuddin and Wilks, 1991),which are considered to be specific and reliable.Group specificity can be confirmed with an immuno-fluorescence assay (Adair et al., 1980) whereasneutralization test has been employed to determinethe exact serotype (Grimes and King, 1977; Monrealet al., 1980).


25/26

References Indian Journal of Comparative Microbiology, Immunologyand Infectious DiseasesYear : 2003, Volume : 24, Issue : 2:Application ofpolymerase chain reaction and fluorescent antibodytechnique for the diagnosis of inclusion body hepatitis-

hydropericardium syndrome (IBH-HPS) caused by fowladenovirus serotype-4 Rahul,S.,Kataria.J.M.,Kumar.N.Senthil,Dhama.K.,Dash.B.B.,Uma.R.,Praveen.B.N.Division of Avian Diseases, Indian Veterinary ResearchInstitute, Izatnagar - 243122 (U.P.)

Emergence of Hydropericardium Syndrome in Broilers of

ChitwanReported by, Dr. Subir Singh General SecretaryNepal Veterinary Association.E mail:

[email protected]


26/26

An Overview of Inclusion Body Hepatitis-hydropericardium Syndrome (IBH-HPS)

Documents