VCCS Geospatial Institute Chapter 1 ‐ Overview and Introduction to Geospatial Technologies Blacksburg, VA July 24 th – 30 th , 2010 Geospatial Overview | Page 1 An Overview of An Overview of Geospatial Technologies Geospatial Technologies Prepared by: John McGee J if MK With support from: NSF DUE-0903270 in partnership with: Jennifer McKee Geospatial Technician Education Through Virginia’s Community Colleges (GTEVCC) What is “Geospatial”? What is “Geospatial”? Geospatial is a term that is commonly associated with spatial (mapping) tools and techniques that are used to support decision that are used to support decision making. These spatial tools often include: -Global Positioning Systems (GPS) -Geographic Information Systems (GIS) -Remote Sensing What is What is “Geospatial”? “Geospatial”? YOU already use or are impacted YOU already use or are impacted by geospatial products and by geospatial products and services almost everyday services almost everyday whether you realize it or not… whether you realize it or not…
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VCCS Geospatial Institute Chapter 1 ‐ Overview and Introduction to Geospatial Technologies
An Overview of An Overview of Geospatial TechnologiesGeospatial Technologies
Prepared by:
John McGeeJ if M K
With support from:
NSF DUE-0903270
in partnership with:
Jennifer McKee
Geospatial Technician Education Through Virginia’s Community Colleges (GTEVCC)
What is “Geospatial”?What is “Geospatial”?Geospatial is a term that is commonly associated with spatial (mapping) tools and techniques that are used to support decision that are used to support decision making.These spatial tools often include:-Global Positioning Systems (GPS)-Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
-Remote Sensing
What is What is “Geospatial”?“Geospatial”?YOU already use or are impacted YOU already use or are impacted
by geospatial products and by geospatial products and services almost everyday services almost everyday whether you realize it or not…whether you realize it or not…
VCCS Geospatial Institute Chapter 1 ‐ Overview and Introduction to Geospatial Technologies
GPSGPSIt is the easiest of the geospatial tools to understand
Plenty of recreational uses
U d i il d t Used primarily as a data collection tool or tracking tool
Geographic Information Geographic Information System (GISSystem (GIS))
GIS is a software tool that enables GIS is a software tool that enables users to users to integrateintegrate different data different data layers from a variety of sources. layers from a variety of sources. layers from a variety of sources. layers from a variety of sources. While GIS is often associated with a While GIS is often associated with a “mapping” program, it is actually “mapping” program, it is actually much more powerful than that.much more powerful than that.GIS is a data analysis tool.GIS is a data analysis tool.
Layers form the building Layers form the building blocks of a GISblocks of a GIS
Demographics
Soil Types
Elevation + Aspect
Weather + Climate
Economic
Irrigation
Access to market
Pests + Disease
VCCS Geospatial Institute Chapter 1 ‐ Overview and Introduction to Geospatial Technologies
Data layers are customized Data layers are customized to fit application to fit application needs needs
Soil Types
Elevation + Aspect
Weather + Climate
Irrigation
Access to market
Pests + Disease
GIS is often used to GIS is often used to generate “what if” generate “what if”
scenarios…scenarios…What would be the impact of a 50 What would be the impact of a 50 year or 100 year flood?year or 100 year flood?
SchoolsHomesRoads
Because GIS uses LOCATION as Because GIS uses LOCATION as an essential component, it enables an essential component, it enables people to integrate databases that people to integrate databases that normally have nothing to do with normally have nothing to do with each othereach othereach other…each other…
Schools Pedophiles
VCCS Geospatial Institute Chapter 1 ‐ Overview and Introduction to Geospatial Technologies
Geographic Information Geographic Information System System ((GIS)GIS)
Where is the most suitable location for my Where is the most suitable location for my business given the following criteria?business given the following criteria?
H ill thi t ti l b i H ill thi t ti l b i How will this potential new business How will this potential new business impact the existing infrastructure?impact the existing infrastructure?
What kind of agricultural production is What kind of agricultural production is most suitable for a region, given certain most suitable for a region, given certain factors?factors?
Which waterlines are most likely to require Which waterlines are most likely to require repair?repair?
Remote SensingRemote Sensing
Remote sensing images provide localities Remote sensing images provide localities with a bird’s eye view / regional with a bird’s eye view / regional perspectiveperspectiveTh i dd i t t t t l Th i dd i t t t t l These images add important contextual These images add important contextual informationinformationIn addition, these images also serve as a In addition, these images also serve as a foundation to develop new GIS data foundation to develop new GIS data layers. layers.
Remote SensingRemote SensingUsing remote sensing, we are able to Using remote sensing, we are able to collect information that is often not collect information that is often not discernable to the unaided eye at a discernable to the unaided eye at a relatively low cost… relatively low cost… relatively low cost… relatively low cost…
VCCS Geospatial Institute Chapter 1 ‐ Overview and Introduction to Geospatial Technologies
Remote sensingRemote sensingCan detect vegetation Can detect vegetation “stress” that we can “stress” that we can
Vegetation Density
stress that we can stress that we can not see with our not see with our naked eyes!naked eyes!Often, by the time we Often, by the time we can see the problem, can see the problem, it is too late...it is too late...