An overview of Biochem. Dept. : Xiaoli Zheng
Jan 17, 2016
An overview ofAn overview of
Biochem. Dept. : Xiaoli Zheng
• 1 Genomics and genomic era
• 2 Two pillars of genomics
• 3 Genomics method and technology
• 4 The progress of genomics research
in China
A Moon-Landing Project
1969, United State’s Apollo 11
Beautiful planet
Life distinguishes our globe from any other planets.
A global view of our homelandA global view of our homeland
Beautiful world, beautiful life!Beautiful world, beautiful life!
Problems
A “polluted” world 污染 A “ hungry ” world 饥饿 An “aging” world 老龄化 An “unhealthy” world 疾病
“Cancer village” in Yunnan ProvinceXu li, 11, bone cancer
A “polluted” world
41,000 children die from hunger and related diseases in the world every year.
A “ hungry ” world
An “aging” world
800 million people step into aging time in China every year.
An “unhealthy” world
Obesity Hypertension Diabetes
The incidence of “civilized diseases” rapidly increases in the developed areas.
We want to solve the problems:
Use biologically degradable materials to clean the world.
Improve the plant to obtain more food.
Use genetic medicine to treat diseases.
New discipline -------------Genomics
Genomics is a discipline in
biochemistry and molecular biology
concerning the study of the genomes of
organisms.
A genome refers the sum total of an
individual organism's genes.
Thus, genomics is the study of all the genes
of a cell, or tissue.
DNA mRNA protein
In contrast, research of single gene does not fall into the definition of genomics unless the aim of this genetic, pathway, and functional information analysis is to elucidate its effect on, place in, and response to the entire genome's network
s. .
Through genomics research, we may
understand the plant, insect, animal and
human being better.
1977: Microphage X174 噬菌体全基因组测序
1995: Haemophilus inflenzae 嗜血流感菌全基因组测序
2001: Human genome project 人类基因组全基因组测序 .
History of genomics
“The genomic era is now a reality”! --- F. Collins
• 1 Genomics and genomic era
• 2 Two pillars of genomics
• 3 Genomics method and technology
• 4 The progress of genomics research
in China
Life is of sequence.
Life is digital.
Two theory pillars
J. Waston and F. Crick1953
DNA double-helix model DNA双螺旋模型
5’ ATGCATGCATGC 3’3’ TACGTACGTACG 5’
DNA model
Secret of life basically lies in the sequence-based network and four kind of bases (digital) —A,T,C,G.
Life is of sequence.
Life is digital.
• 1 Genomics and genomic era
• 2 Two pillars of genomics
• 3 Genomics method and technology
• 4 The progress of genomics research
in China
Method and technology:
Sequencing
Genome mapping
Data computing Bioinformatic analysis
Sequencing Data computing
Sequencing machine Server and computer
Bioinformatic analysis
Bioinformatics software
• 1 Genomics and genomic era
• 2 Two pillars of genomics
• 3 Genomics method and technology
• 4 The progress of genomics research
in China
“YANHUANG” Initiatives
“SHENGNONG” Initiatives
“XUANYUAN” Initiatives
Three fields
1 “YANHUANG” Initiatives
Human Genome Project
International HapMap Project
Human Cancer Genome Project
To know ourselves
Human genome project indicated
that biology has stepped into the
age of genome.
Human genome project
2001
Goal : To determine the common patterns of DNA sequence variation in the human genome.
International HapMap Project
Samples:( 270人)
人种 人数 居住地Utah 30×3 尤他州居民(欧洲)
Yoruba 30 ×3 尼日利亚居民(非洲)Han Chinese 45 北京居民(亚洲)
Japanese 45 日本居民(亚洲)
DNA Analyses RNA Analysis Protein Analysis
Human Cancer Genome Project
Samples( 12,500):50 cancers: 250 samples/cancer
2 “SHENGNONG” Initiatives
To know our friends:
Chinese Herbal
To know our enemies:
pathogens
Cordyceps sinensis Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix Bupleuri Chinensis Radix Astragali
Chinese Herbal
Yersinia pestis
Avian influenza virus
Streptococcus suis
SARS virus
pathogens
3 “XUANYUAN” Initiatives
Economy/Ecology-Genome Project
silkworm rice chick
2002 2002 2004
A clean world A full world
A healthy world
Summary
1 Concept: genome, genomics
2 How to understand the two pillars of genomics?
3 What are the main technologies of genomics?
4 How is the progress of Chinese genomics project?
Reference:
Gene VIII:
A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing. Nature 2010. Oct;467:1061-73.
Initial sequencing of the human genome. Nature 2001.Feb;409:860-921.
http//www.genome.cn/index.php