AN INVESTIGATION OF THE LAWS OF PLASTIC FLOW By Eugene C. Bingham CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 309 II. Kxperimental 311 1 . Description of apparatus 311 2 . Experimental results 312 III. Types of viscous and plastic flow 319 Case I. Viscous flow—Homogeneous fluids 319 Case 2 . Viscosities additive—Emulsions 320 Case 3. Fluid mixtures—Fluidities additive 321 Case 4. Suspensions—The simplest case 326 Case 5. Seepage 326 Case 6. Nonplastic suspensions 327 Case 7. Plastic suspensions 329 IV. Discussion of experimental data 331 1 . Law of pressures 331 2 . Friction constant 335 3 . Mobility 336 4. Slipping 340 V. Relation of results to earlier work on plasticity 341 VI. Models of plastic flow 351 VII. Summary 352 I. INTRODUCTION Plastic flow is of importance in many diverse fields, such as geophysics, colloidal chemistry, metallurgy, ceramics, road build- ing, and the lime and cement business. The property of plas- ticity, like ductility and malleability, is not at present strictly definable, although the term is much more familiar than the strictly defined terms "viscosity" and ''fluidity." In the study of plastic flow it has already been shown that most homogeneous solids will flow somewhat after the manner of liquids, if subjected to sufiicient pressure. Copper, steel, lead, ice, menthol, glass, and asphalt fall in this class in so far as they may be regarded as homogeneous solids. But ordinarily plastic substances are not homogeneous solids but suspensions of finely divided solids in fluids, such as paint in oil, lime in water, and especially clay in water. Numerous papers have been devoted to the explanation of this latter type of plasticity. 309
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE LAWS OF PLASTIC FLOW
Apr 29, 2023
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