An Introduction to Supplements & Common Supplements Teens Take Sara Oldroyd, MS RD Utah State University Extension.

An Introduction to Supplements& Common Supplements Teens

Take

Sara Oldroyd, MS RDUtah State University Extension

An Introduction

How many of you are currently taking a supplement?

Utah is known nationally for its supplement industry Xango Noni Neutracuetical Corp. USANA

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act

Signed Oct 25 1994

Congress’s intent was to meet the concerns of consumers and manufacturers to help ensure that safe and appropriately labeled products remain available to those who want to use them.

Definition, new framework for safety, outline guidelines for literature displayed, claims, ingredients

Congress passed DSHEA in 1994 on the basis of two quite questionable assumptions: that supplements are basically harmless, and that supplement makers are honest.

-Marion Nestle, RD

Unlike drugs, dietary supplements do not have to be proved safe before going on the market, but federal authorities can act to take them off the shelves if they are shown to be unsafe

How To Choose…

Look for standardized supplements (USP) Buy only single-name supplements Beware of claims that sound too good to be

true Be extremely cautious about supplements

manufactured outside of USA Europe is an exception

USP

The distinctive USP Verified Mark represents that USP has rigorously tested and verified the supplement, to assure the following:

1. What's on the label is in fact in the bottle—all the listed ingredients in the declared amount.

2. The supplement does not contain harmful levels of contaminants. 3. The supplement will break down and release ingredients in the body 4. The supplement has been made under good manufacturing practices.

USP is an independent, not-for-profit organization. No other organization in the U.S. that tests supplements is recognized in federal law as the nation's official standard-setting body for medicines and supplements. USP standards are enforceable by the FDA.

Single name supplements

ConsumerLab.com

Brand name

Dose

Amt of Active Ingred

*Subscription needed for full details

Too Good to be True

New Zantrex-3 is serious weight loss... we’re talking about rapid, sustained weight loss and extreme energy, finally together in one power-packed super pill... 5 times more weight loss than the leading ephedrine-based diet pill and all the energy you’ll ever want or need…

day or night.

http://micronutra.com/activive.html?aff=1234&kwgroup=av_energy&utm_source=Google&utm_ad=645098913&utm_medium=PPC&utm_campaign=Activive&utm_term=energy%20supplement&gclid=CI73rbPy2IkCFSNdYQodjUwm3g

Remember…

Supplements not meant to replace foods, but to supplement diet

Use peer-reviewed non-biased scientific trials to determine effectiveness Double blind Placebo controlled

“If it doesn’t have a side effect, it probably doesn’t work.”

Performance Enhancing Supplements

Amino Acid powders/Protein drinks Creatine Anabolic Steriods & Precursors Ephedra

Amino Acids: 21 Million

Amino Acids are building blocks

of proteins Powder form for sport performance/body

building 20 different amino acids, get varying

amounts from protein containing foods Animal products, grains, legumes

Scientific Data

Increases muscle size Weight gain*Must have training along with supplement

Will not make you look like a body builder unless you have type of body to do so.

Increase in calories, be careful

Dosing and Side Effects

Dosing: 1-2 scoops of powder (2-4

Tbsp) before work out, variable upon brand

Usually mix with water or milk*

Usually whey protein

OR

Side Effects: Well-tolerated Stomach cramping,

diarrhea, weight gain

Consider whole foods

Creatine

Phosphocreatine for energy ATP -> Phosphocreatine -> Glucose -> Fat Best used in sports/events needing short bursts

of energy Sprinting Wrestling Shot put

Side effects and use

Side Effects Nausea Cramping Diarrhea Stomach pain

May cause kidney and liver problems

Use Most athletes consume

20-30 g/day, but studies done on athletes using 5 g/day, as the manufacturer recommends

~5% of middle and high schoolers had used creatine

May lead to more dangerous supplement use

Anabolic Steroids

Synthetic form of testosterone Gels Tablets Injections Patches

Build muscle and increase endurance 3 million people use steroids, 1 in 4 started

as teens, 1 in 10 is a teen

Side Effects

Halt bone growth Permanently short

stature Heart damage Liver damage

Boys: Male pattern baldness Acne

Girls: Deep voice Dark facial hair

Steroid precursors

Androstenedione Androstenediol Norandrostenedione Norandrostenediol Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

*All precursors will have similar side effects as anabolic steroids

Ephedra (Ma Huang)

Used by athletes to reduce fatigue, increase mental awareness, and induce weight loss

Weight loss shown when used in combination with caffeine, when used alone results questionable

Side Effects Strokes Seizures Heart Attack

Increase blood pressure

Death

Ephedra

In 2004, Drug Administration banned ephedra

In 2005, Neutraceutical Corporation challenged ban, Utah judge approved due to small doses of ephedra vs. large

Most recent 2007 data show ephedra still banned, except in Utah…

FDA in hard position since it cannot ethically test ephedra’s safety at low dosages. FDA does think ephedra is harmful.

Diet pills

According to a recent study conducted by the University of Michigan, 25% of girls turn to pills when trying to lose weight

In 1992, FDA banned 111

ingredients in over-the-counter

diet products--including amino

acids, cellulose, and grapefruit

extract--after manufacturers

were unable to prove that they worked.

Feeling of fullness

A number of products were also recalled because they posed serious health risks. The products contained guar gum, which supposedly swelled in the stomach to provide a feeling of fullness. However, the swelling from the guar gum caused blockages in the throat and stomach.Cal-Ban 3000, Cal-Lite 1000, Cal-Trim 5000,

Perma Slim, Bodi Trim, Dictol 7 Plus, Medi Thin, Nature's Way, and East Indian Guar Gum

Fat Blockers

Alli, Orlistat, Xenical

Work by inhibiting the lipase enzyme in gut. Without lipase, cannot absorb fats.

Recommended to eat less than 15 g of fat with each meal, or else…

Side Effects

Urgent bowel movements Diarrhea Gas with oily spotting

Other weight loss supplements

Hoodia

Green tea extract

Country mallow

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)

Chromium

Bitter orange

No conclusive evidence

Large amounts of caffeine

Contains ephedra

Isn’t likely to reduce total body weight, GI distress

Safe, but unlikely to cause weight loss

Effects similar to ephedra

Resources

National Institute of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements

MayoClinic.com Consumerlab.com

Thank You

[email protected]