An Introduction to Sonnet Dr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez April 20, 2009 1 1 An Introduction to Sonnet Dr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez 2 Dr. J. E. Rayas Sánchez Sonnet EM Simulator A 3-D planar EM analysis software Based on the Method of Moments Intended for frequency-domain analysis of planar circuits (microstrip, stripline, PCBs, and integrated circuits) Not intended for completely arbitrary 3-D problems Development started in 1983 by Dr. James C. Rautio Commercial introduction in 1989 www.sonnetusa.com
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An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
April 20, 2009
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An Introduction to Sonnet
Dr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
2Dr. J. E. Rayas Sánchez
Sonnet EM Simulator
A 3-D planar EM analysis software
Based on the Method of Moments
Intended for frequency-domain analysis of planar circuits (microstrip, stripline, PCBs, and integrated circuits)
Not intended for completely arbitrary 3-D problems
Development started in 1983 by Dr. James C. Rautio
Commercial introduction in 1989
www.sonnetusa.com
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
April 20, 2009
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An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
April 20, 2009
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Basic Sonnet Tools
‘xgeom’, for drawing the circuit to be analyzed
‘em control’ to launch an analysis with the ‘em’ analysis engine
‘emgraph’ to plot the results
‘emvu’ to view and animate current distributions in both frequency domain and time domain (for a given exciting frequency)
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Decomposition Capabilities
‘em’ includes a net-list based circuit theory analysis that allows complete EM simulations to be included in the net-list
Very useful for breaking a circuit into pieces, having each piece automatically analyzed and then all results automatically connected back together
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
April 20, 2009
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The Project Editor – Example 1
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The Project Editor – Example 1 (cont)
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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The Project Editor – Example 1 (cont)
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The Project Editor – Example 1 (cont)
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Setting-up the Analysis – Example 1
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Running the Simulation – Example 1
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Showing Results – Example 1
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Setting-up the Analysis – Example 1 (cont)
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Running the Simulator – Example 1 (cont)
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Showing Results – Example 1 (cont)
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Showing Results – Example 1 (cont)
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Current Density Viewer – Example 1 (cont)
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Current Density Viewer – Example 1 (cont)
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Current Density Viewer – Example 1 (cont)
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April 20, 2009
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Current Density Viewer – Example 1 (cont)
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The Substrate, Subsectioning, and Cell Size
Sonnet encloses the circuit in a metal boxThe substrate covers the bottom area of the boxCell Size, Box Size and Number of Cells in each direction (x or y) are related as
Cell Size × Number of Cells = Box SizeThe EM analysis starts by automatically subdividing the circuit into small rectangular subsectionsSonnet uses variable size subsections (small subsections are used where needed)A Cell is the building block for all subsections, and each subsection is built from one or more cellsTo reduce memory requirements use a cell size as large as possible
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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The Box and the Substrate
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Subsectioning
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Subsectioning (cont)
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Metalization Levels and Dielectric Layers
Sonnet Professional can handle any number of metalizationlevelsMetalization is refered to as “levels” and dielectric as “layers”Each metalization level is sandwiched between two dielectric layers
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Example 2: A Double Folded Stub Filter
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Example 2: A Double Folded Stub Filter (cont)
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Setting up the Structure – Example 2
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Setting up the Analysis – Example 2
efcε
λmax
min =
8.9GHz8Mm/s300
min ≈λ
λmin = 11.98 mm = 471.61 mil
λmin / 20 = 23.58 mil Cell size < 23.58 mil
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Results – Example 2
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Using Adaptive Frequency Sweep – Example 2
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Results – Example 2
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Results – Example 2
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Increasing Resolution – Example 2
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Increasing Resolution – Example 2 (cont)
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Increasing Resolution – Example 2 (cont)
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Increasing Resolution – Example 2 (cont)
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Increasing Resolution – Example 2 (cont)
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Vias
A special kind of subsection which allows current to flow in the z-direction between metals“Ground via” connect metal on the surface of the substrate to the groundplane beneath the substrate“Level-to-level via” connect metalization between any two adjacent levels
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Vias (cont)
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An Air Bridge
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Example 3: Square Spiral Inductor
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Setting Up the Structure – Example 3
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Square Spiral Inductor – Example 3
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Vias (Lower Level) – Example 3
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Vias (Upper Level) – Example 3
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Simulation Time – Example 3
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Results – Example 3
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Lumped Circuit Models for Spiral Inductors
An Introduction to SonnetDr. José Ernesto Rayas Sánchez
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Example 4
ε r
W1
W2
W0
L1
HL2
W1
L0
L0
Bandstop Microstrip Filter with Quarter-Wave Open Stubs