An Introduction. POETRY BASICS Poetry: A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form Form: the appearance of.

An Introduction

POETRY BASICSPoetry: A type of literature that

expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form

Form: the appearance of the words on the page

Line: a group of words together on one line of the poem

Stanza: a group of lines arranged together

Identify…“A Word is Dead”

By Emily Dickenson

A word is deadWhen it is said,

Some say.

I say it justBegins to live

That day.

STANZA 1

Stanza 2How many lines?

KINDS OF STANZASCouplet = a two line stanzaTriplet (Tercet) = a three line stanzaQuatrain = a four line stanzaQuintet = a five line stanzaSestet (Sextet) = a six line stanzaSeptet = a seven line stanzaOctave = an eight line stanza

POINT OF VIEW IN POETRYPoet

The author of the poemSpeaker

The “narrator” of the poemAddressee

Person or thing the speaker is addressing

ReaderPerson reading the poem aloud

RHYTHM The beat created by the sounds of the word in a poem

Rhythm can be created by using:MeterRhymeAlliterationRefrain

METERA pattern of stressed and unstressed

syllablesMeter occurs when the stressed and

unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern

When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They then repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

METER cont.Foot – unit of

meterA foot can have

two or three syllables

Usually consists of one stressed and one unstressed syllables

Types of feetThe types of feet

are determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables

METER cont.TYPES OF FEET

Iambic – unstressed, stressedTrochaic – stressed, unstressedAnapestic – unstressed, unstressed, stressedDactylic – stressed, unstressed, unstressed

FREE VERSE POETRYUnlike metered

poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables

It usually does NOT have rhyme

Free verse poetry is very conversational-sounds like someone talking to you.

A more modern type of poetry.

FREE VERSE - EXAMPLE“I Dream'd in a Dream”by Walt Whitman

I dream’d in a dream I saw a city invincible to the attacks of the whole of the rest of the earth,

I dream’d that was the new city of Friends,Nothing was greater there than the quality of

robust love, it led the rest,It was seen every hour in the actions of the men of

that city,And in all their looks and words.

Walt Whitman is not around to ask what he meant in this poem….

What is your interpretation?

Did he mean a real city or perhaps friendship?

BLANK VERSE POETRYWritten in lines of iambic pentameter, but does

NOT use end rhyme. Excerpt from Macbeth by William Shakespeare

Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow,Creeps in this petty pace from day to day, To the last syllable of recorded time; And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle! Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.

RHYMEWords sound alike

because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds

A word always rhymes with itself

LAMPSTAMP

Share the same short “a” vowel sound

Share the combined “mp” consonant sound

END RHYMEA word at the end of one line rhymes

with a word at the end of another line.

Hector the collector

Collected bits of string.

Collected dolls with broken heads

And rusty bells that would not ring.

INTERNAL RHYMEA word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line.

From “The Raven”By Edgar Allan Poe

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.

NEAR RHYME or EYE RHYMEAn “imperfect” rhyme or close rhyme.

The words EITHER share the same vowel sound or consonant sound BUT NOT BOTH!

ROSE

LOSE

Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound)

Share the same consonant sound

RHYME SCHEME A pattern of rhyme (usually uses end rhyme but not always)

Use the letters of the alphabet to represent different rhyme sounds so that you can visually see the pattern.

“The Germ”By Ogden Nash

A mighty creature is the germ,

Though smaller than the pachyderm

His customary dwelling place

Is deep within the human race.

His childish pride he often pleases

By giving people strange diseases.

Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?

You probably contain a germ.

ONOMATOPOEIAWords that imitate the sound they are making.

The rusty spigotsputtersuttersa splutter,spatters,scatters,spurts,finally stops sputteringand splash!gushes rushes splashesclear water dashes.

Match the line to its sound

A plate being dropped on the floorA balloon being burstA gun being shotSomeone eating crispsA light being switched onA fierce dogA small bell being rung

TINKLE BANG SMASH GROWL

POP CRUNCH CLICK

ALLITERATIONConsonant sounds repeated at the beginning of words.

Think tongue twisters

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

Consonance

The repeating consonant sounds in a line or lines of poetry (can be anywhere in the words)

“Silken, sad, uncertain, rustling”

Assonance The repeating vowel sound in a line or lines of poetry

Lake, fate, base, fade

(all share the long “a” sound)

REPETITIONUsing the same word or phrase more than once in a poem.

Does not include pronouns or conjunctions

Can sometimes be called the refrain if it’s a stanza that repeats

I am the shadow

By the classroom wall,

I am watching you,

And I know it all.

Don’t try to run

Or hide from me.

There isn’t a thing

I cannot see.

Don’t cheat on a test,

Or lie to a friend,

I know the truth

From beginning to end.

I am the shadowBy the classroom wall,I am watching you,And I know it all . . .

And I know it all.And I know it all.

I’m watching you,And I know it all.