An Interdisciplinary 3D Cadastre Development Project in Practice Development Project in Practice Joseph FORRAI and Gili KIRSCHNER Joseph FORRAI and Gili.

An Interdisciplinary 3D CadastreAn Interdisciplinary 3D Cadastre

Development Project in PracticeDevelopment Project in Practice 

  Joseph FORRAI and Gili KIRSCHNERJoseph FORRAI and Gili KIRSCHNER

Survey of IsraelSurvey of Israel

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1 .RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND22 . .THE 3DCad R&D PROJECTTHE 3DCad R&D PROJECT

33 . .A SUPPORTING LEGAL REALITYA SUPPORTING LEGAL REALITY44 . .THE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHTHE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

STAFFSTAFF5 .PROJECT MANAGEMENT

66 . .THE MAIN TASKS OF THE FIRST PROJECT-SEMESTERTHE MAIN TASKS OF THE FIRST PROJECT-SEMESTER7 .THE BASIC CONCEPT

88 . .PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS TO BEPRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS TO BE COMPLETEDCOMPLETED

99 . .NEAR FUTURE TASKSNEAR FUTURE TASKS1010 . .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT

OUTLINE

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1. RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND

Israel is a small and very crowded country, where land available for construction is limited and expensive even at the present.

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Area: 22 000 sq.km.(not including West Bank and Gaza strip)

480480

66606660

Inhab./sq.kmInhab./sq.km..

95%95%

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

4

6

8

10

12

14

MILLIONINHABITANTS

YEARS

POPULATIONPOPULATION(FACTS AND TREND)(FACTS AND TREND)

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Government resolutionGovernment resolution of 1999/144: “The of 1999/144: “The Minister of Justice … is to submit Minister of Justice … is to submit proposed proposed guidelines for … more efficient guidelines for … more efficient

land use, including subterranean spaceland use, including subterranean space……

……a solution for a solution for ownershipownership problems, problems, registration of rightsregistration of rights and surveying…” and surveying…” should be developed should be developed also for also for underground spaceunderground space..

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22 . .THE 3DCad R&D PROJECTTHE 3DCad R&D PROJECT

The main goalThe main goal: elaboration of : elaboration of regulations and standardsregulations and standards regarding a digital, three-regarding a digital, three-dimensional cadastral system, dimensional cadastral system, including registration of rights in including registration of rights in stratastrata..

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The budgetThe budget: : somesome 0.8 million US $ 0.8 million US $ - - approved by the Treasuryapproved by the Treasury..

((PProfessional and management rofessional and management preparations for forming an preparations for forming an interdisciplinary R&D staff began in the interdisciplinary R&D staff began in the

middle of 2002middle of 2002 ). ).

The staff started working on September The staff started working on September 1, 20021, 2002..

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3. A SUPPORTING LEGAL REALITY3. A SUPPORTING LEGAL REALITYThe The high courthigh court of appeals of appeals decideddecided : :

---an order to expropriate land for public benefitan order to expropriate land for public benefit (for the purpose of the Haifa Carmel-Tunnels((for the purpose of the Haifa Carmel-Tunnels(

- was illegal becausewas illegal because (inter alia( (inter alia( of the absenceof the absence - of exact descriptions and measurementsof exact descriptions and measurements of of

- propertyproperty . .---there is there is no legal objectionno legal objection toto order a order a partialpartial

- vertical expropriationvertical expropriation..--the the Land Law should be adjustedLand Law should be adjusted in order to in order to

comply with the changing needs and thecomply with the changing needs and the improvement of technologyimprovement of technology..

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44 . .THE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHTHE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH STAFFSTAFF

Project ManagerProject Manager - a leading cadastre expert - a leading cadastre expert..

3DCad geodesy expert3DCad geodesy expert - a candidate for Ph.D- a candidate for Ph.D.. degree at Israel Institute of Technologydegree at Israel Institute of Technology..

GIS expertGIS expert - well experienced in academy - well experienced in academy research and educationresearch and education..

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Urban planner and architectUrban planner and architect - - a leading a leading professional in Israel. Well versed in legal professional in Israel. Well versed in legal aspects of various planning issues.aspects of various planning issues.

Underground engineering expertUnderground engineering expert - g - geologist, eologist, mining- and civil engineer, well experienced in mining- and civil engineer, well experienced in underground developmentunderground development..

A legal (real property) expertA legal (real property) expert - - havinghaving outstanding knowledge in urban planning laws outstanding knowledge in urban planning laws and commercial practiceand commercial practice..

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5 .PROJECT MANAGEMENT STEERING COMMETTEE

Head (Survey of Israel)

Representatives of...

Israel Land

Admin.

Tre-asury

Ministry of

Justice - Land Reg. Office

Ministry of

Inter- ior

Ministry of

Infrastruc-ture

Ministry of

Constr. and

Housing

Minist- ry of

Envir-on-

ment

Academic Institution

R&D TEAM

Coordinator: The Project Manager

Modi'in site surveyor

Cadastral and GIS- experts

Lawyer – real

property expert

Urban planner, architect

Underground

engineering expert

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66 . .THE MAIN TASKS OF THE FIRST THE MAIN TASKS OF THE FIRST PROJECT-SEMESTERPROJECT-SEMESTER

- -Elaboration of a realistic 3DCad conceptElaboration of a realistic 3DCad concept..- - -Creation of Creation of provisional regulationsprovisional regulations for for

surveying, mapping, processing andsurveying, mapping, processing and managing digital 3DCad data, integrated withmanaging digital 3DCad data, integrated with National GIS database, including legal, National GIS database, including legal, engineering and planning constraints and/orengineering and planning constraints and/or their necessary changes.their necessary changes.

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- -Establishment of an Establishment of an initial 3DCad database frameinitial 3DCad database frame..

- -Characterization of Characterization of an engineering and planningan engineering and planning expert systemexpert system, instructing the user according to the, instructing the user according to the

designation, status, etc. of the spatial land propertydesignation, status, etc. of the spatial land property..

- -Preparation of Preparation of specific instructions for practicalspecific instructions for practical experimentsexperiments..

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7. THE BASIC CONCEPT - a partial list of the principal points

a. Registration of rights in space will be carried out bya. Registration of rights in space will be carried out by dividing the three dimensional spacedividing the three dimensional space belonging to belonging to the surface parcel, the surface parcel, into spatial sub-parcels, aboveinto spatial sub-parcels, above or or

belowbelow the surface parcel the surface parcel . .

b. Any above- or underground constructionb. Any above- or underground construction will be bounded by a will be bounded by a "spatial envelope" having"spatial envelope" having a a

simplified geometrysimplified geometry..

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The division of space, definitions (1) (Design :Eri Goshen)

Above-surfaceAbove-surface spacespace

Sub-surfaceSub-surface

spacespace

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The division proposed (example) (Design: Eri Goshen)

2D scheme2D scheme

3D scheme3D scheme

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c. c. EachEach spatial spatial sub-parcel belongs to the surfacesub-parcel belongs to the surface parcelparcel and block, below or above it and block, below or above it..

d. d. Physical objects which spread out into a number of Physical objects which spread out into a number of above- ad/or under-surface space of surface above- ad/or under-surface space of surface parcels, will be subdivided into a number of parcels, will be subdivided into a number of spatial sub-parcelsspatial sub-parcels defined by existing surface defined by existing surface parcels. (The unification of these object parts into parcels. (The unification of these object parts into one unit will be considered.(one unit will be considered.(

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Carmel Tunnel – under the block no. 10882

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Parcels to be (partially) expropriated for public benefit in sub-surface space in block no. 10882

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Carmel Tunnel spatial sub-parcels in sub-surface space – under the block no. 10882

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The division of space, definitions (2) (Design: Eri Goshen)

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Eri Goshen) :Categories of rights to land is space (Design

6203 / 1006203 / 100

6203 / 100 / + / 0 / 16203 / 100 / + / 0 / 1

6203 / 100 / - / 0 / 26203 / 100 / - / 0 / 2

6203 / 100 / - / 1 / 36203 / 100 / - / 1 / 3

Surface Surface parcelparcel

Spatial sub-parcel in Spatial sub-parcel in sub-surface space sub-surface space

(not in touch with the (not in touch with the surface parcelsurface parcel

Spatial sub-parcel Spatial sub-parcel in sub-surface in sub-surface

space (in touch with space (in touch with the surface parcel)the surface parcel)

Spatial sub-parcel in Spatial sub-parcel in above-surface space (in above-surface space (in touch with the surface touch with the surface

parcel)parcel)

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88 . .PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS TO BEPRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS TO BE COMPLETEDCOMPLETED

Three experiments Three experiments of practical applicationsof practical applications::

- -the the old cityold city of Acre of Acre - -a a new urban centernew urban center of Modi'in (presently of Modi'in (presently inin

planningplanning)) - -the center of Tel-Aviv (an the center of Tel-Aviv (an existingexisting modernmodern buildingbuilding

complexcomplex))

These three sites represent These three sites represent threethree different cadastral different cadastral realities and a range of various problemsrealities and a range of various problems..

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Typical site in Acre old city

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Modi'in site (planned city center)ׁ

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Africa-Israel building. By courtesy of Mr. R.Grinstein

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Africa-Israel building image reconstructed by measured data. By courtesy of Mr Ronen Grinstein.

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99 . .NEAR FUTURE TASKSNEAR FUTURE TASKS

- -The basic, The basic, conceptual ideasconceptual ideas established established will bewill be testedtested by practical applications by practical applications

- -An An extensive juridical investigationextensive juridical investigation and and

verification of the proposed model and itsverification of the proposed model and its application will be carried outapplication will be carried out

- -Spatial Spatial data management and visualizationdata management and visualization alternatives will be tested, chosen and appliedalternatives will be tested, chosen and applied

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1010 . .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Authors thank all the people involved in the Authors thank all the people involved in the 3DCad activity in Israel for their contribution.3DCad activity in Israel for their contribution.Special thanks to 3DCad R&D staff members (in Special thanks to 3DCad R&D staff members (in alphabetical order(: Mr. Moshe Benhamu, Dr. alphabetical order(: Mr. Moshe Benhamu, Dr. Shaul Denekamp, Dr. Yair Gabay, Mr. Eri Shaul Denekamp, Dr. Yair Gabay, Mr. Eri Goshen and Mr. Uri Shoshani. Thanks to Mr. Eri Goshen and Mr. Uri Shoshani. Thanks to Mr. Eri Goshen, Mr. Armi Grinstein and Mr. Ronen Goshen, Mr. Armi Grinstein and Mr. Ronen Grinstein for the figures, to Dr. Ron Adler for his Grinstein for the figures, to Dr. Ron Adler for his comments and help, and to Ms. Noa Mitzner for comments and help, and to Ms. Noa Mitzner for preparing the slides. preparing the slides.