An Integral Model of Human Resilience in Technological Systems Johnny Thomas, MSEE, MBA PhD Student, Research Associate Dan Eisenberg, Dr. Thomas Seager Arizona State University School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Aug 06, 2015
An Integral Model of Human Resilience in Technological Systems
Johnny Thomas, MSEE, MBA PhD Student, Research Associate Dan Eisenberg, Dr. Thomas Seager Arizona State University School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
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• Does resilient technology require resilient people?
• What is social-technical resilience?
• How can we model Integral human resilience in engineered systems?
Research Questions
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• Does resilient technology require resilient people?
• What is social-technical resilience?
• How can we model Integral human resilience in engineered systems?
• How can we organize the vast array of resilience knowledge? • How can we index resilience epistemologies and methods? • How can we link resilience research perspectives?
Research Questions
5 (Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)
Hurricane Katrina: a resilience failure
“as if no one was in control” (Westrum, 2005)
Latent Psychopathologies è breakdowns governance, law enforcement, medical care, utilities, & communications
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New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin
Coast Guard Commandant Thad Allen
President George Bush
(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)
� 1,833 died � 200 Civil servants AWOL � 25 Officers leave high stress areas � 2 Officers commit suicide � Poor leadership & judgment � Criminal behavior
Presidential Policy Directive (PPD-21)
“U.S. efforts shall address the security and resilience…” (The White House, 2013)
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National Infrastructure Protection Plan 2013
Directs national policy among Federal agencies (U.S. Homeland Security, 2013)
Resilience: Plan & prepare, absorb, recover, & adapt
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Plan Prepare
Absorb Recover Adapt
Basic construct interpreted among disciplines
Francis & Bekera, “A metric and frameworks for resilience analysis of engineered and infrastructure systems,” Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 121 (2014)
>3,700 Peer Reviewed Journal Articles with Resilience in the Title
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(Baggio, Brown, & Hellebrandt, 2015)
January 2000 è April 2012
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Spatial & temporal dimensions of interrelated & interconnected meta-complex systems… social, technical, ecological, environmental, biological, economic, and…
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An Integral Approach
Ability to hold multiple simultaneous perspectives without marginalizing or diminishing one over another
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Subjective, “I” 1st person
Inter-subjective, “WE” 2nd person
Objective, “IT” 3rd person (singular)
Inter-objective, “ITS” 3rd person (plural)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems
Holon: subject, object, or
unit of inquiry
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(Wilber, 2000)
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An Integral Perspective of
Resilience Research
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(Wilber, 2000)
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Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems
Social
Infrastructure
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Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Capacities / properties Processes / actions
Social
Infrastructure
Processes / actions Capacities / properties
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• Emotional Intelligence • Psychological Dev. • Cognition • Conation
• SAAL • Sensing • Anticipating • Adapting • Learning
Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Capacities / properties Processes / actions
Social
Infrastructure
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• Culture & values • Ethics & morals • Worldviews & ideologies • Social intelligence
SAAL Social Systems
SAAL Technical Systems
Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Capacities / properties Processes / actions
Social
Infrastructure
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Link
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• Emotional Intelligence • Psychological Dev. • Cognition • Conation
• Culture & values • Ethics & morals • Worldviews & ideologies • Social intelligence
• SAAL • Sensing • Anticipating • Adapting • Learning
SAAL Social Systems
SAAL Technical Systems
Adapted and modified: (Esbjörn-Hargens, Zimmerman, 2009)
Capacities / properties Processes / actions
Social
Infrastructure
Capacities / properties Processes / actions
Resilience Enabling Processes
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� Sensing—monitor systems state variables � Anticipating—imagining possible state outcomes
� Adapting—changing state variables to higher performance � Learning—create & integrate new knowledge to inform system behaviors
(Park, Seager, Rao, Convertino, & Linkov 2013) (Hollnagel, Paries, Woods, & Wreathall 2013) (Linkov, Eisenberg, Bates, Chang, Covertino, Allen, Flynn, Seager 2013)
Resilience Enabling Processes
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� Sensing—monitor systems state variables � Anticipating—imagining possible state outcomes
� Adapting—changing state variables to higher performance � Learning—create & integrate new knowledge to inform system behaviors
Sensing Anticipating Adapting Learning
Individual & Group Resilience Actions, behaviors, & artifacts
(Park, Seager, Rao, Convertino, & Linkov 2013) (Hollnagel, Paries, Woods, & Wreathall 2013) (Linkov, Eisenberg, Bates, Chang, Covertino, Allen, Flynn, Seager 2013)
Resilience Enabling Capacities
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Table 1 Human Resilience Capacities (Connor, 2006; Olsson et al., 2003) Cognitive Social / Emotional Behavioral Ability to adapt to change Coping1 Action-oriented approach Ability to view change / stress as a challenge
Faith1 Ability to perceive / demonstrate the strengthening effect of stress
Ability to use past successes to confront current challenges
Hope
Engaging the support of others
Balanced perspective on experience Optimism Rebounding Enduring set of values Patience Secure attachments to others Fortitude, conviction, tenacity, & resolve Self-efficacy1 Tolerance of negative effect Internal locus of control1 Self-esteem Personal or collective goals1 Sense of humor Sense of meaningfulness !
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Resilience Enabling Capacities
Affect Cognition
Personal & Interpersonal Capacities Behavioral Capacities
Innate Acquired
(Thomas 2014)
Affect, cognition, & behavioral capacities can provide a developmental perspective of social-technical resilience.
Model Architecture
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Interior Capacities
Exterior Processes
(Hannah & May 2011)
Outcomes: Actions, behaviors, & artifacts
Human Resilience Model
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Personal & Interpersonal Capacities
Personal & Interpersonal Processes
Behavioral Capacities
Behavioral Processes
Individual & Group Resilience Actions, behaviors, & artifacts
Resilience Enabling Capacities
Resilience Enabling Processes
(Hannah & May 2011)
Human Resilience Model
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Affect Cognition Innate Acquired
Sensing Anticipating Adapting Learning
Resilience Enabling Capacities
Resilience Enabling Processes
Personal & Interpersonal Behavioral
Individual & Group Resilience Actions, behaviors, & artifacts
Zone 2 & 4
Zone 6 & 8
(Thomas 2014)
Johnny Thomas, MSEE, MBA [email protected] WeWorldNetworks.com
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Thank You! Resilience, Simulation for Water, Power & Roadway Networks, NSF Grant No. 1441352 This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant No. 1441352. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.
Collaborators: Dan Eisenberg & Dr. Thomas Seager
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References
• Baggio, J. A., Brown, K., & Hellebrandt, D. (2015). Boundary object or bridging concept ? A citation network analysis of. Ecology and Society, 20(2). • Bonanno, G. (2004). Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience: Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events? The
American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–8. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20 • Brand, F., & Jax, K. (2007). Focusing the Meaning (s) of Resilience: Resilience as a Descriptive Concept and a Boundary Object. Ecology and Society, 12(1).
Retrieved from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art23/ES-2007-2029.pdf • Brown, K., & Westaway, E. (2011). Agency, Capacity, and Resilience to Environmental Change: Lessons from Human Development, Well-Being, and Disasters.
Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36(1), 321–342. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-052610-092905 • Connor, K. (2006). Assessment of Resilience in the Aftermath of Trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, (suppl 2). Retrieved from
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18(2), 76–82. doi:10.1002/da.10113 • Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2007). Integral Teacher, Integral Students, Integral Classroom: Applying Integral Theory to Education. AQAL: Journal of Integral Theory and
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33–61). State University of New York Press. • Esbjörn-Hargens, S., Zimmerman, M. (2009). Integral Ecology, Uniting Multiple Perspectives on the Natural World. Integral Books. • Everly, G. S., Davy, J. A., Smith, K. J., Lating, J. M., & Jr, F. C. N. (2011). A Defining Aspect of Human Resilience in the Workplace : Disaster Medicine and Public
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Human Development (Richardson, 2002) (Brown & Westaway, 2011) Sociology (Norris & Stevens, 2007) (Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013)
Biology & Health (Garcia-dia et al., 2013) Neuroscience (Feder, Nestler, & Charney, 2009)
Human Development (Masten, 2001) (Unger et al., 2013) Management & Organization (Luthans, 2002) (Davy, Smith, Lating, 2011)
Human Resilience
Psychiatry (Connor & Davidson, 2003) (Herrman & Stewart, 2011) Psychology (Bonanno, 2004) (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems Org
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Human Development (Ungar, Ghazinour, & Richter, 2013)
Ecology & Sustainability (Walker et al., 2004), (Redman, 2014)
Engineering (Woods & Branlat, 2010)
Management & Organization (Luthans, 2002)
Sociology (Cutter, 2006)
Biology & Health (Garcia-dia et al., 2013) Neuroscience (Feder et al., 2009)
Human Development (Richardson, 2002) (Brown & Westaway, 2011) Sociology (Norris & Stevens, 2007) (Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013)
Psychiatry (Connor & Davidson, 2003) (Folkman & Moskowitz, 2004) Psychology (Bonanno, 2004), (Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004)
Org
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