An Era of Exploration 1400’s – 1600’s. 11/3 Warm-Up Finish this statement with three different answers: The goal of exploration is to find new …

An Era ofAn Era ofExplorationExploration

1400’s – 1600’s1400’s – 1600’s

11/3 Warm-Up11/3 Warm-Up

Finish this statement withthree different answers:

The goal of explorationis to find new …

11/3 Warm-Up11/3 Warm-Up

TerritoryRoutesResourcesRichesTechnologyIdeas

The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration1400’s – 1600’s1400’s – 1600’s

Other names forThe Age of Exploration:

1. The Age of Discovery: - Advances in geographic knowledge and technology

- Search for new routes - New age of scientific and intellectual curiosity

2. The Age of Reconnaissance: - Military exploration of new territories

3. The Age of Expansion: - Migration of Europeans to other parts of the world

1. 14th century Europe began trading with Asian people

in areas like China or India. They brought back silk,

spices, and other luxuries.

Reasons The Age of Exploration BeganReasons The Age of Exploration Began

3. Italy controlled the Mediterranean Sea. If explorers wanted to go to Asia, they had to pay the Italian tax. The voyage was too long, dangerous, and expensive with tolls.4. The Renaissance & The Crusades

encouraged Europeans to look beyond The Old

World.5. Scientific Progress - Larger ships (caravel) - New inventions aided travel (compass)

6. The Three G’s: God, Gold, and Glory

2. Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire in 1453

Exploration was all about finding a way to Asiaby avoiding Italy.

Financing An ExplorerFinancing An Explorer

Explorers acted as salesmen,shopping their proposedexpeditions from one government(court) to the next.

Explorers needed investorsto pay for:1. Sailing vessels2. Crew3. Supplies

Investors were usually governments or corporations(East India Company)

Decision: risk vs. reward- 15th century gambling

ImperialismImperialism

When a countryattempts to influenceor control anotherarea in the world.

Law of the LandLaw of the Land

3. Divine Right: The oldest citizen of each nation is that country’s monarch.a. Wears the crown.b. Will stand when the country has completed forming its question or statement.c. Will provide the country’s final answer to the question posed.d. Has final decision on which territory to claim.

1. Each country and each explorer will receive a bag of words.

2. At the signal, countries and explorers open their bags and assemble the words inside to create a question or statement that matches mine.

4. Once a monarch stands, no citizen groups may touch the word pieces.The order of completion will be recorded.

5. After a check for accuracy, the first four countries that correctly organizedthe question or statement will have a chance, in the order they finished, to choose the correct answer from among a set of choices.

6. The first country that can correctly answer the question will win territory.

7. The monarch will claim an available territory from the world map displayedand give one reason as to why the country wants that territory.

8. If an explorer correctly answers the question first, (s)he has been commissionedby the country of their choice and may join that nation.

9. If any citizen or explorer is off-task, it will be regarded as discontent within the region and the country will be forfeit land rights for that round.

Question 1The first Americans couldhave arrived from all except:

BA. China

B. Africa

C. Polynesia

D. Japan

AA. The Sea of Darkness

B. The Great Monster

C. Waters of Doom

D. The Belly of The Beast

Question 2What was the Europeannickname for the Atlantic?

Question 3Which area was not settledby the Vikings?

BA. Greenland

B. Ireland

C. Norway

D. Iceland

Question 4The Vikings were superiorat what craft?

DA. Farming

B. Metalworking

C. Animal herding

D. Shipbuilding

Question 5Who was the first Europeanto reach N. America in 1001?

CA. Eric The Red

B. Ferdinand Magellan

C. Leif Ericson

D. Christopher Columbus

Question 6In what country wasChristopher Columbus born?

AA. Italy

B. Spain

C. Portugal

D. England

Question 7For what country did Christopher Columbus sail?

BA. Italy

B. Spain

C. Portugal

D. England

Question 8What was the name of oneof Columbus’s ships?

CA. The Deliverance

B. The Mayflower

C. The Santa Maria

D. The Jolly Roger

Question 9How many crew memberswere with Columbus?

BA. 900

B. 90

C. 19

D. 9

Question 10Why did Columbus changecourse on October 7, 1492?

DA. Spotted land

B. Rough seas

C. Follow another vessel

D. Follow a flock of birds

Question 11On his first voyage, wheredid Columbus actually land?

CA. Roanoke

B. Indonesia

C. The Bahamas

D. Islands off of India

Question 12How many total trips didColumbus make to America?

DA. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Question 13Which is not true aboutChristopher Columbus?

AA. Wished his name on N.A.

B. Served as a governor

C. Arrested and imprisoned

D. Died broke & an outcast

Question 14Until a line was drawn, whichtwo countries disputed land?

DA. England & France

B. France & Spain

C. Italy & Portugal

D. Spain & Portugal

Question 15Which explorer first reachedIndia by going around Africa?

BA. Ferdinand Magellan

B. Vasco Da Gama

C. Bartolomeu Diaz

D. Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Question 16Which good did Europeansget from the Americas?

CA. Oranges

B. Cattle

C. Corn

D. Bananas

Question 17Which good did NativeAmericans get from Europe?

AA. Horses

B. Potatoes

C. Canoes

D. Beans

Question 18Why was America namedafter Amerigo Vespucci?

BA. First to discover it

B. First to identify it

C. First to explore it

D. First to sail around it

Question 19Which explorer looked for alegendary Fountain of Youth?

CA. Hernando De Soto

B. Peter Minuit

C. Juan Ponce De Leon

D. Bartolome De Las Casas

Question 20Which explorer looked forThe Seven Cities of Gold?

AA. Francisco Coronado

B. Hernando Cortez

C. Francisco Pizzaro

D. Hernando De Soto

Question 21Which French explorer firstnavigated the St. Lawrence?

DA. Samuel De Champlain

B. Jacques Marquette

C. Robert De La Salle

D. Jacques Cartier

Question 22Which English explorer sailedfor the English and Dutch?

CA. John Cabot

B. Captain John Smith

C. Henry Hudson

D. Sir Walter Raleigh

Direct RuleDirect Rule

The conquering country puts its own leaders in charge.

Advantage:- Trust in leadership

Disadvantages:- People resent leaders- Constant threat of revolt

Indirect RuleIndirect RuleLeave existing leaders incharge & rule through them

Advantage:- People more likely to listen to their own rulers

Disadvantages:- Less trust in leadership- How well are instructions carried out?- Could organize rebellion

The The VikingsVikings

Homeland: Cold weather and poor soil.

Fierce warriors from Norway, Sweden, and Denmarkthat terrorized the people of Europe.

Attacked villages for loot, not to murder.

Settled in Iceland and Greenland

Finest shipbuilders of the time:Built swift, light boats that could travel far

Known for their conquests but could befarmers, merchants & crafts workers.

Europeans settled into Feudalism, whichhelped protect them from Viking attacks.

Europeans became afraid of The Atlantic Ocean:Called The Sea of Darkness or The Green Sea of Doom.

Early Voyages to the AmericasEarly Voyages to the Americas

Real evidence has been hard to find

Numerous theories:

1. Asians continued crossing Bering Sea.

2. Polynesian seafarers

3. Chinese and Japanese fishing boats that blew off course

Leif EricsonLeif Ericson The son of Eric The Red

In 1001, he became the first European to reach the coast of North America .

Called it Vineland because he believed there were many grapes growing there.They were actually berries.Settlement of Vinland was located in present-day Newfoundland.

Vikings did not stay long in Vinland and no one is sure why they left.

Explorers Explorers BeforeBefore Columbus Columbus

1. Prince Henry The Navigator (Portugal) - Hoped to reach Asia by rounding Africa but ended up trading European goods for gold & ivory and setting up slave trading posts along African coast.

2. Bartolomeu Diaz (Portugal) - Reached the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope), proving there was an all water route to Asia, but his men refused to travel further and he was forced to turn back.

ChristopherChristopherColumbusColumbus

1451-1506

Italian sea captain

His plan: Enterprise of The IndiesSail west across Atlantic to Asia.He believed it would be a shortertrip than traveling around Africa.

In 1484 Portugal said no. They hadalready found a water route toChina by going around Africa.

Like all explorers, he neededfinancing (money and supplies)and shopped his idea.

Spain Signs OnSpain Signs On

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella eventually supportthe voyage for two reasons:1.Competition with Portugal2.Spread Christianity

Columbus is given three ships:The NinaThe PintaThe Santa Maria

Crew: 90 sailors

Depart August 3, 1492

Tierra! Tierra!Tierra! Tierra! Two months at sea,29 days without seeing land,and threat of mutiny.

October 7:Changed course to follow flocksof birds flying southwest.

October 12:Lookout on Pinta spotted land.

Columbus convinced hereached East Indies in Asia.

Actually landed on San SalvadorIsland in The Bahamas.Became known as The West Indies.

Called the local people Indians.

Spain Authorizes ColoniesSpain Authorizes Colonies

1493: Columbus establishes the first Spanish colony in the Americas on Hispaniola. (Present day Haiti & Dominican Republic)

Columbus returns successful1.Gifts: New trade goods & Indians (Tainos)2.Named Admiral of the Ocean Sea3.Future voyages (three more) are financed

Colony: A group of people who settle in a distant land who are still ruled by the government of their native land.

Columbus was a harsh, unsuccessful governor.- Investigated, returned to Spain in shackles, tried, imprisoned, later pardoned.

Columbus died still convinced he had reached Asia.

The Line of DemarcationThe Line of DemarcationIn 1493, the Pope drew an imaginary line to settle landclaim disputes between Spain and Portugal.

The Line of Demarcation was 100 leagues (320 miles) westof the Cape Verde islands and ran from pole to pole.

All land west would belong to Spain.All land east would belong to Portugal.

Portugal protested the line and in theTreaty of Tordesillas of 1494 it was moved west270 leagues. (Allowed Portugal to claim Brazil)

English, French, and Dutch explorers ignored the line.

Spain Portugal

ExplorersExplorersAfterAfter

ColumbusColumbus1. Vasco Da Gama (Portugal) - Became the first European to reach India by sea by going around the Cape of Good Hope.

2. Pedro Cabral (Portugal) - Attempted to repeat Da Gama’s voyage with a larger fleet but was blown off course and explored South America.

ExplorersExplorersAfterAfter

ColumbusColumbus3. Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spain) - Crossing through the jungles of Panama, he reached the Pacific Ocean and claimed it for Spain.

4. Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) - First to circumnavigate, or sail completely around, the world.

Magellan was killed in the Philippine islands and nevercompleted the voyage.

Departure: 5 ships and 265 menArrival: 1 ship and 17 men

Columbus’s LegacyColumbus’s Legacy

False: Columbus discovered America. - Native Americans had already settled.

True: Columbus’s voyages marked the beginning of a lasting relationship between Europe, Africa, and The Americas. (Columbus as Matchmaker)

Turning Point: A moment in history that marks a decisive change.

The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian ExchangeA global exchange of goods, services, and cultural ideasthat began with Columbus’s voyages.

European goods changed the Americas:1. Domestic animals like chickens, pigs, cattle, and horses2. Plants like bananas, lemons, oranges, figs, bluegrass, daisy, and dandelions3. Diseases like smallpox and influenza

American goods changed Europe, Africa, & Asia:1. Food crops like corn, potatoes, beans, tomatoes, squash2. Skills like trapping, wearing snowshoes, building canoes3. Political structures like The League of the Iroquois

Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci

1454-1512

Italian sent to Spain in 1492

Went on first expedition asa navigator in 1499.Reached the mouth of theAmazon River and exploredSouth America.

On his second voyage in1501, he described his tripto South America and wasthe first to identify the NewWorld as separate from Asia.

Letters wildly more popularthan Columbus’s diary.

Named Pilot Major of Spainin 1508

Inspired name for America:German Martin Waldseemuller