An Era of Expansion U.S. History Chapter 12. Temporary Peace Political parties temporarily at peace in early 1820s Federalist party disappeared

An Era of ExpansionAn Era of ExpansionU.S. HistoryU.S. History

Chapter 12Chapter 12

Temporary PeaceTemporary Peace

Political parties Political parties temporarily at temporarily at peace in early peace in early 1820s1820s

Federalist party Federalist party disappeareddisappeared

Only one party Only one party remainedremained

Disputed ElectionDisputed Election

In 1824, the In 1824, the House of Representatives House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adamschose John Quincy Adams as President as President

““Corrupt Bargain”:Corrupt Bargain”: Clay persuaded House Clay persuaded House members to vote for Adams instead of members to vote for Adams instead of JacksonJackson

Clay became Secretary of StateClay became Secretary of State

Disputed ElectionDisputed Election Adams was Adams was

unpopular: unpopular: wanted to wanted to increase federal increase federal spending spending

People disliked his People disliked his plan for economic plan for economic growth; growth; they feared they feared the federal the federal government would government would become too powerfulbecome too powerful

Jacksonian EraJacksonian Era

Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson earned widespread earned widespread support among support among voters as a voters as a champion of the champion of the common peoplecommon people

Common people: Common people: farmers and city farmers and city workersworkers

Jacksonian EraJacksonian Era

New political party: New political party: Democrats.Democrats. Supported JacksonSupported Jackson

1828 election 1828 election brought Jackson to brought Jackson to officeoffice

Growing spirit of Growing spirit of democracydemocracy

Jacksonian EraJacksonian Era

Growing spirit of Growing spirit of equality increased equality increased suffragesuffrage

More people voted; More people voted; a man no longer a man no longer had to own propertyhad to own property to voteto vote

Suffrage:Suffrage: right to right to votevote

New political partiesNew political parties

DemocratsDemocrats supported Andrew supported Andrew JacksonJackson

Whigs wanted federal government to Whigs wanted federal government to help economyhelp economy through programs for through programs for national growth; supporters of Adamsnational growth; supporters of Adams

““King” AndrewKing” Andrew

Jackson had ability Jackson had ability to lead and inspireto lead and inspire

Quick to lose Quick to lose temper; dealt with temper; dealt with enemies harshlyenemies harshly

Wanted to expand Wanted to expand powers of the powers of the PresidencyPresidency

““To the victor belong the spoils”To the victor belong the spoils”

Spoils systemSpoils system: rewarding supporters : rewarding supporters with government jobswith government jobs

Earned benefitsEarned benefits = spoils = spoils Andrew Jackson gave supporters Andrew Jackson gave supporters

jobsjobs

““Kitchen Cabinet”Kitchen Cabinet”

Jackson relied on Jackson relied on his his unofficial unofficial advisersadvisers more than more than his Cabinethis Cabinet

Met with these Met with these advisers in the advisers in the White House White House kitchenkitchen

The Bank WarThe Bank War

Jackson thought Jackson thought the Bank of the the Bank of the United States was United States was too powerfultoo powerful..

He thought banks He thought banks only helped the only helped the wealthywealthy

The Bank WarThe Bank War

Jackson thought Jackson thought the Bank of the the Bank of the United States was United States was unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

He thought that He thought that states should states should charter bankscharter banks

1828 Protective Tariff1828 Protective Tariff

Tariff of Tariff of AbominationsAbominations

Affected Southern Affected Southern planters by planters by increasing the increasing the costs of European costs of European importsimports on which on which they depended they depended

NullificationNullification

Vice President John Calhoun claimed Vice President John Calhoun claimed states had the right to states had the right to nullifynullify, or , or cancelcancel, a federal law that it , a federal law that it considered unconstitutional.considered unconstitutional.

Calhoun supported states’ rightsCalhoun supported states’ rights

Nullification ActNullification Act

South Carolina South Carolina passed passed Nullification Nullification Act, protesting the Act, protesting the tariff of 1832tariff of 1832..

The state also The state also threatened to threatened to secede, or secede, or withdraw, from the withdraw, from the Union Union

Compromise TariffCompromise Tariff

Jackson supported a lower tariff. Jackson supported a lower tariff. CompromiseCompromise

South Carolina had no other state South Carolina had no other state support of Nullification Act, so support of Nullification Act, so repealed the Act.repealed the Act.

Native American TragedyNative American Tragedy Indian Removal Indian Removal

ActAct forced many forced many Native Americans to Native Americans to move west of the move west of the MississippiMississippi

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears; ; began in the began in the Southeast and Southeast and ended in Indian ended in Indian TerritoryTerritory

Panic of 1837Panic of 1837

Worst economic Worst economic crisis the nation crisis the nation had knownhad known

Speculators Speculators borrowed large borrowed large sums of money sums of money from banksfrom banks; many ; many banks closedbanks closed

Martin Van BurenMartin Van Buren

President Martin Van Buren; tried to President Martin Van Buren; tried to stabilize banking system, cut stabilize banking system, cut government expensesgovernment expenses

Three-year depressionThree-year depression Depression: a period when business Depression: a period when business

declines and many people lose their declines and many people lose their jobsjobs

Campaigns of 1840Campaigns of 1840

New politics: New politics: candidates candidates competed for competed for votes with ralliesvotes with rallies

Mudslinging: use Mudslinging: use of insults to of insults to attack reputationattack reputation

William Henry HarrisonWilliam Henry Harrison

WhigsWhigs presented presented their candidate, their candidate, Harrison, as a Harrison, as a common common “man of “man of the people” the people” although he was although he was educated and educated and wealthywealthy

John TylerJohn Tyler

John Tyler, vice John Tyler, vice president, took president, took over after over after Harrison’s deathHarrison’s death

ReviewReview

Which president reward his Which president reward his supporters with government jobs?supporters with government jobs?

a.a. Martin Van BurenMartin Van Buren

b.b. Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

c.c. Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

ReviewReview

Which president reward his Which president reward his supporters with government jobs?supporters with government jobs?

a.a. Martin Van BurenMartin Van Buren

b.b. Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

c.c. Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

ReviewReview

What is this practice of rewarding What is this practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs supporters with government jobs called?called?

a.a. Spoils systemSpoils system

b.b. SuffrageSuffrage

c.c. NullificationNullification

ReviewReview

What is this practice of rewarding What is this practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs supporters with government jobs called?called?

a.a. Spoils systemSpoils system

b.b. SuffrageSuffrage

c.c. NullificationNullification

ReviewReview

What was Jackson’s group of What was Jackson’s group of unofficial advisers called?unofficial advisers called?

a.a. Top ShelfTop Shelf

b.b. Kitchen CabinetKitchen Cabinet

c.c. Kitchen TableKitchen Table

ReviewReview

What was Jackson’s group of What was Jackson’s group of unofficial advisers called?unofficial advisers called?

a.a. Top ShelfTop Shelf

b.b. Kitchen CabinetKitchen Cabinet

c.c. Kitchen TableKitchen Table

ReviewReview Why did Jackson think the Bank of Why did Jackson think the Bank of

the United States was the United States was unconstitutional?unconstitutional?

a.a. He thought states should charter He thought states should charter banksbanks

b.b. He thought the Bank sacrificed the He thought the Bank sacrificed the needs of the wealthyneeds of the wealthy

c.c. He knew the Bank’s charter was He knew the Bank’s charter was expiredexpired

ReviewReview

Why did Jackson think the Bank of the Why did Jackson think the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional?United States was unconstitutional?

a.a. He thought states should charter banksHe thought states should charter banks

b.b. He thought the Bank sacrificed the He thought the Bank sacrificed the needs of the wealthyneeds of the wealthy

c.c. He knew the Bank’s charter was He knew the Bank’s charter was expiredexpired

ReviewReview

Why did Jackson think about the Why did Jackson think about the Bank of the United States?Bank of the United States?

a.a. It helped mostly the wealthyIt helped mostly the wealthy

b.b. It helped mostly the poorIt helped mostly the poor

c.c. It was controlled by the statesIt was controlled by the states

ReviewReview

Why did Jackson think about the Why did Jackson think about the Bank of the United States?Bank of the United States?

a.a. It helped mostly the wealthyIt helped mostly the wealthy

b.b. It helped mostly the poorIt helped mostly the poor

c.c. It was controlled by the statesIt was controlled by the states

ReviewReview

Why did Jackson disapprove of the Why did Jackson disapprove of the Bank of the United States?Bank of the United States?

a.a. He thought it was too powerfulHe thought it was too powerful

b.b. He thought it granted too many He thought it granted too many loansloans

c.c. He thought Congress should run itHe thought Congress should run it

ReviewReview

Why did Jackson disapprove of the Why did Jackson disapprove of the Bank of the United States?Bank of the United States?

a.a. He thought it was too powerfulHe thought it was too powerful

b.b. He thought it granted too many He thought it granted too many loansloans

c.c. He thought Congress should run itHe thought Congress should run it

ReviewReview

Which of the following groups Which of the following groups thought of Andrew Jackson as their thought of Andrew Jackson as their champion?champion?

a.a. Wealthy Southern plantersWealthy Southern planters

b.b. Native Americans in the NorthNative Americans in the North

c.c. Common people across the countryCommon people across the country

ReviewReview

Which of the following groups Which of the following groups thought of Andrew Jackson as their thought of Andrew Jackson as their champion?champion?

a.a. Wealthy Southern plantersWealthy Southern planters

b.b. Native Americans in the NorthNative Americans in the North

c.c. Common people across the countryCommon people across the country

ReviewReview

What new political party supported What new political party supported Andrew Jackson?Andrew Jackson?

a.a. WhigsWhigs

b.b. National RepublicansNational Republicans

c.c. DemocratsDemocrats

ReviewReview

What new political party supported What new political party supported Andrew Jackson?Andrew Jackson?

a.a. WhigsWhigs

b.b. National RepublicansNational Republicans

c.c. DemocratsDemocrats

ReviewReview

Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of making Clay and John Quincy Adams of making a “corrupt bargain” in the 1824 election?a “corrupt bargain” in the 1824 election?

a.a. Adams appointed Clay to Vice PresidentAdams appointed Clay to Vice President

b.b. Clay changed the final count of the Clay changed the final count of the popular votepopular vote

c.c. Clay persuaded House members to vote Clay persuaded House members to vote for Adamsfor Adams

ReviewReview

Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of making Clay and John Quincy Adams of making a “corrupt bargain” in the 1824 election?a “corrupt bargain” in the 1824 election?

a.a. Adams appointed Clay to Vice PresidentAdams appointed Clay to Vice President

b.b. Clay changed the final count of the Clay changed the final count of the popular votepopular vote

c.c. Clay persuaded House members to vote Clay persuaded House members to vote for Adamsfor Adams

ReviewReview Why did President Jackson’s Why did President Jackson’s

opponents call him “King Andrew?”opponents call him “King Andrew?”

a.a. His achievements in the War of His achievements in the War of 18121812

b.b. His experience as a lawyerHis experience as a lawyer

c.c. His intention to expand presidential His intention to expand presidential powerspowers

ReviewReview Why did President Jackson’s Why did President Jackson’s

opponents call him “King Andrew?”opponents call him “King Andrew?”

a.a. His achievements in the War of His achievements in the War of 18121812

b.b. His experience as a lawyerHis experience as a lawyer

c.c. His intention to expand presidential His intention to expand presidential powerspowers

ReviewReview

Which was a cause of increased Which was a cause of increased suffrage in the 1820s?suffrage in the 1820s?

a.a. Growing spirit of equality in the U.S.Growing spirit of equality in the U.S.

b.b. Influence of the Whig partyInfluence of the Whig party

c.c. Increasing number of immigrantsIncreasing number of immigrants

ReviewReview

Which was a cause of increased Which was a cause of increased suffrage in the 1820s?suffrage in the 1820s?

a.a. Growing spirit of equality in the U.S.Growing spirit of equality in the U.S.

b.b. Influence of the Whig partyInfluence of the Whig party

c.c. Increasing number of immigrantsIncreasing number of immigrants

ReviewReview

Why did people oppose John Quincy Why did people oppose John Quincy Adams’ plan for economic growth?Adams’ plan for economic growth?

a.a. They feared the federal government They feared the federal government would become too powerfulwould become too powerful

b.b. They wanted Adams to spend more tax They wanted Adams to spend more tax dollars on special programsdollars on special programs

c.c. They feared states would become too They feared states would become too powerfulpowerful

ReviewReview

Why did people oppose John Quincy Why did people oppose John Quincy Adams’ plan for economic growth?Adams’ plan for economic growth?

a.a. They feared the federal government They feared the federal government would become too powerfulwould become too powerful

b.b. They wanted Adams to spend more tax They wanted Adams to spend more tax dollars on special programsdollars on special programs

c.c. They feared states would become too They feared states would become too powerfulpowerful

ReviewReview

What was the Trail of Tears?What was the Trail of Tears?

a.a. Native Americans forcibly removed from Native Americans forcibly removed from Southeast to Indian TerritorySoutheast to Indian Territory

b.b. Native Americans decided to relocate to Native Americans decided to relocate to more fertile land in the Westmore fertile land in the West

c.c. Native Americans removed from Indian Native Americans removed from Indian Territory to the SoutheastTerritory to the Southeast

ReviewReview

What was the Trail of Tears?What was the Trail of Tears?

a.a. Native Americans forcibly removed from Native Americans forcibly removed from Southeast to Indian TerritorySoutheast to Indian Territory

b.b. Native Americans decided to relocate to Native Americans decided to relocate to more fertile land in the Westmore fertile land in the West

c.c. Native Americans removed from Indian Native Americans removed from Indian Territory to the SoutheastTerritory to the Southeast

ReviewReview

What is nullification?What is nullification?

a.a. Practice of rewarding supporters Practice of rewarding supporters with government jobswith government jobs

b.b. Act of canceling a lawAct of canceling a law

c.c. Number equal to more than one-halfNumber equal to more than one-half

ReviewReview

What is nullification?What is nullification?

a.a. Practice of rewarding supporters Practice of rewarding supporters with government jobswith government jobs

b.b. Act of canceling a lawAct of canceling a law

c.c. Number equal to more than one-halfNumber equal to more than one-half

ReviewReview

What is suffrage?What is suffrage?

a.a. Practice of rewarding supporters Practice of rewarding supporters with government jobswith government jobs

b.b. Number equal to more than one-halfNumber equal to more than one-half

c.c. Right to voteRight to vote

ReviewReview

What is suffrage?What is suffrage?

a.a. Practice of rewarding supporters Practice of rewarding supporters with government jobswith government jobs

b.b. Number equal to more than one-halfNumber equal to more than one-half

c.c. Right to voteRight to vote

ReviewReview

How did the protective tariff of 1828 How did the protective tariff of 1828 affect southern planters?affect southern planters?

a.a. It protected their land from migrating It protected their land from migrating Native AmericansNative Americans

b.b. It increased their reliance on goods from It increased their reliance on goods from the Norththe North

c.c. It increased the cost of European importsIt increased the cost of European imports

ReviewReview

How did the protective tariff of 1828 How did the protective tariff of 1828 affect southern planters?affect southern planters?

a.a. It protected their land from migrating It protected their land from migrating Native AmericansNative Americans

b.b. It increased their reliance on goods from It increased their reliance on goods from the Norththe North

c.c. It increased the cost of European importsIt increased the cost of European imports

ReviewReview

How did the Whig party appeal to voters How did the Whig party appeal to voters in the 1840 election?in the 1840 election?

a.a. It promised to institute a high tariffIt promised to institute a high tariff

b.b. It represented its candidate as a It represented its candidate as a common personcommon person

c.c. It represented its candidate as an It represented its candidate as an experienced political leaderexperienced political leader

ReviewReview

How did the Whig party appeal to voters How did the Whig party appeal to voters in the 1840 election?in the 1840 election?

a.a. It promised to institute a high tariffIt promised to institute a high tariff

b.b. It represented its candidate as a It represented its candidate as a common personcommon person

c.c. It represented its candidate as an It represented its candidate as an experienced political leaderexperienced political leader

ReviewReview

Which occurred during Martin Van Which occurred during Martin Van Buren’s presidency?Buren’s presidency?

a.a. Nation suffered a three-year depressionNation suffered a three-year depression

b.b. Cotton prices rose; southern planters Cotton prices rose; southern planters prosperedprospered

c.c. Factory production increased; Factory production increased; manufacturers prosperedmanufacturers prospered

ReviewReview

Which occurred during Martin Van Which occurred during Martin Van Buren’s presidency?Buren’s presidency?

a.a. Nation suffered a three-year depressionNation suffered a three-year depression

b.b. Cotton prices rose; southern planters Cotton prices rose; southern planters prosperedprospered

c.c. Factory production increased; Factory production increased; manufacturers prosperedmanufacturers prospered

ReviewReview

What caused the Panic of 1837?What caused the Panic of 1837?

a.a. The Seminole WarsThe Seminole Wars

b.b. Election of President Martin Van Election of President Martin Van BurenBuren

c.c. Large sums of money that Large sums of money that speculators borrowed from banksspeculators borrowed from banks

ReviewReview

What caused the Panic of 1837?What caused the Panic of 1837?

a.a. The Seminole WarsThe Seminole Wars

b.b. Election of President Martin Van Election of President Martin Van BurenBuren

c.c. Large sums of money that Large sums of money that speculators borrowed from banksspeculators borrowed from banks

ReviewReview

How did voting requirements change by How did voting requirements change by the 1830s?the 1830s?

Voters no longer had to be born in the Voters no longer had to be born in the United StatesUnited States

Voters no longer had to be 21 years of age Voters no longer had to be 21 years of age or olderor older

A man no longer had to own property to A man no longer had to own property to votevote

ReviewReview

How did voting requirements change by How did voting requirements change by the 1830s?the 1830s?

Voters no longer had to be born in the Voters no longer had to be born in the United StatesUnited States

Voters no longer had to be 21 years of age Voters no longer had to be 21 years of age or olderor older

A man no longer had to own property to A man no longer had to own property to votevote

Good Luck on Your Test!Good Luck on Your Test!