AN END TO FEUDALISM AND A REBIRTH OF GREECO-ROMAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN WESTERN EUROPE

AN END TO FEUDALISM AND A REBIRTH OF GREECO-ROMAN

CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN WESTERN EUROPE

THE RENAISSANCE

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY1. HUMANISM

2. SECULAR

3. PATRON

4. PERSPECTIVE

5. VERNACULAR

6. PRINTING PRESS

7. GUTTENBERG BIBLE

1. HUMANISM

2. SECULAR

3. PATRON

4. PERSPECTIVE

5. VERNACULAR

6. PRINTING PRESS

7. GUTTENBERG BIBLE

Why Italy?Why Italy?

• Crusaders passed goods through

• Took lead while England & France fought Hundred Years War

• Roman heritage all about them

• Thriving city-states and merchants

• Crusaders passed goods through

• Took lead while England & France fought Hundred Years War

• Roman heritage all about them

• Thriving city-states and merchants

Merchants & The Medici FamilyMerchants & The Medici Family

• Northern Italy highly urbanized

• Merchants were wealthiest class and dominated politics of city-states

• Success through merit – not birth

• Medici family were supreme patrons

• Northern Italy highly urbanized

• Merchants were wealthiest class and dominated politics of city-states

• Success through merit – not birth

• Medici family were supreme patrons

THE RENAISSANCE MANTHE RENAISSANCE MAN• CHARMING, WITTY, WELL-EDUCATED IN THE CLASSICS OF

GREECE AND ROME• HE SHOULD BE ABLE TO DANCE, SING AND PLAY MANY

INSTRUMENTS• HE SHOULD COMPOSE MUSIC AND POETRY• HE SHOULD BE ATHLETIC, A SKILLED RIDER AND TRAINED IN

THE ART OF WAR• ABOVE ALL ELSE, A RENAISSANCE MAN WILL HAVE POISE,

GRACE AND SELF-CONTROL

• CHARMING, WITTY, WELL-EDUCATED IN THE CLASSICS OF GREECE AND ROME

• HE SHOULD BE ABLE TO DANCE, SING AND PLAY MANY INSTRUMENTS

• HE SHOULD COMPOSE MUSIC AND POETRY• HE SHOULD BE ATHLETIC, A SKILLED RIDER AND TRAINED IN

THE ART OF WAR• ABOVE ALL ELSE, A RENAISSANCE MAN WILL HAVE POISE,

GRACE AND SELF-CONTROL

THE RENAISSANCE WOMANTHE RENAISSANCE WOMAN• A RENAISSANCE WOMAN WOULD BE SKILLED IN

THE CLASSICS AND BE CHARMING AS WELL• A RENAISSANCE WOMAN WILL INSPIRE ART BUT

NOT CREATE IT HERSELF• A RENAISSANCE WOMAN WOULD BE MUCH

MORE WORLDLY (SECULAR) THAN HER MEDIEVAL CONTERPART

• A RENAISSANCE WOMAN WOULD BE SKILLED IN THE CLASSICS AND BE CHARMING AS WELL

• A RENAISSANCE WOMAN WILL INSPIRE ART BUT NOT CREATE IT HERSELF

• A RENAISSANCE WOMAN WOULD BE MUCH MORE WORLDLY (SECULAR) THAN HER MEDIEVAL CONTERPART

THE QUNTESEENTIAL RENAISSANCE MANTHE QUNTESEENTIAL RENAISSANCE MAN• LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452 – 1519)

• HE WAS A SCULPTOR, PAINTER, INVENTOR, SCIENTIST, POLITICIAN, ANATOMIST, BIOLOGIST, BOTANIST

• HIS FAMOUS WORK “THE MONA LISA” IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE REALISM IN RENAISSANCE ART

• LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452 – 1519)

• HE WAS A SCULPTOR, PAINTER, INVENTOR, SCIENTIST, POLITICIAN, ANATOMIST, BIOLOGIST, BOTANIST

• HIS FAMOUS WORK “THE MONA LISA” IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE REALISM IN RENAISSANCE ART

MICHAELANGELOMICHAELANGELO• MICHAELANGELO WAS ALSO A POET, PAINTER,

SCULPTOR AND ARCHIETECT

• HIS MAJOR WORKS INCLUDE “DAVID”, THE SISTINE CHAPEL AND THE DOME OF ST. PETER’S BASCILLICA

• MICHAELANGELO WAS ALSO A POET, PAINTER, SCULPTOR AND ARCHIETECT

• HIS MAJOR WORKS INCLUDE “DAVID”, THE SISTINE CHAPEL AND THE DOME OF ST. PETER’S BASCILLICA

RAPHAEL (1483 – 1520)RAPHAEL (1483 – 1520)• Advanced realism in art. • “Madonna” and “Baby Jesus” reflect that

religious themes were still popular, but declining.

• His work “School of Athens” is a great homage to Greek culture. It was painted in the Pope’s library

• Advanced realism in art. • “Madonna” and “Baby Jesus” reflect that

religious themes were still popular, but declining.

• His work “School of Athens” is a great homage to Greek culture. It was painted in the Pope’s library

http://www.vhinkle.com/renaissance/raphael.htmlhttp://www.vhinkle.com/renaissance/raphael.html

RENAISSANCE LITERATURERENAISSANCE LITERATURE• Renaissance literature was much more secular than

religious themed literature• Self-expression, individualism, “how to” books were

often topics along poetry• Renaissance writers

– Wrote in vernacular– Used printing press– Read by wider audiences

• Renaissance literature was much more secular than religious themed literature

• Self-expression, individualism, “how to” books were often topics along poetry

• Renaissance writers– Wrote in vernacular– Used printing press– Read by wider audiences

MACHIEVELLIMACHIEVELLI• The first European political scientist • Made guidelines for successful rulers• His book “The Prince” (1513) shows humans as

fickle, selfish and corrupt. • “The ends justify the means” • No morals or ethics – only results

• The first European political scientist • Made guidelines for successful rulers• His book “The Prince” (1513) shows humans as

fickle, selfish and corrupt. • “The ends justify the means” • No morals or ethics – only results

PETRARCHPETRARCH

One of the earliest humanists

Exceptional poet especially sonnets

(14 line poems)

One of the earliest humanists

Exceptional poet especially sonnets

(14 line poems)

BOCCACCIOBOCCACCIO

Wrote “Decameron” an off-color story of secular, Florentine youths who wait out the plague.

Presents the characters as human and fallible

Wrote “Decameron” an off-color story of secular, Florentine youths who wait out the plague.

Presents the characters as human and fallible

THE RENAISSANCE HEADS TO NORTHERN EUROPE

THE RENAISSANCE HEADS TO NORTHERN EUROPE

• Trade routes helped to spread the Renaissance ideals from the city states of Northern Italy to the nations of England, France and Germany

• The Hundred Years War also helped the cultural diffusion that was rapidly integrating the continent

• Trade routes helped to spread the Renaissance ideals from the city states of Northern Italy to the nations of England, France and Germany

• The Hundred Years War also helped the cultural diffusion that was rapidly integrating the continent

Christian HumanistsChristian Humanists

Erasmus

Emphasized Bible study – not rituals

Thomas More

Wrote “Utopia” about an ideal society of no war, famine, greed or corruption

Erasmus

Emphasized Bible study – not rituals

Thomas More

Wrote “Utopia” about an ideal society of no war, famine, greed or corruption

ALBERT DURERALBERT DURER

• He produced woodcuts and engravings often of a religious theme or a mythological theme

• He produced woodcuts and engravings often of a religious theme or a mythological theme

HANS HOLBEINHANS HOLBEIN

• A portrait painter that produced almost life like detail – the style of “realism”

• A portrait painter that produced almost life like detail – the style of “realism”

JAN VAN ECYKJAN VAN ECYK• He helped to spark the realism movement which

portrayed people in everyday life

• He also developed the layering techniques of applying layers of paints to produce shades and hues that were more accurate and true to life

• He helped to spark the realism movement which portrayed people in everyday life

• He also developed the layering techniques of applying layers of paints to produce shades and hues that were more accurate and true to life

PETER BRUGELPETER BRUGEL

• Famous for his paintings of common life – weddings, peasants, dances, harvests.

• Famous for his paintings of common life – weddings, peasants, dances, harvests.

THE MAN, THE MYTH, THE LEGEND: SHAKESPEARE

THE MAN, THE MYTH, THE LEGEND: SHAKESPEARE

• The greatest playwright of the English language he explored and expressed “the human condition” in riveting dramas, comedies and tragedies

• Gave “voice” to the Elizabethan Age

• The greatest playwright of the English language he explored and expressed “the human condition” in riveting dramas, comedies and tragedies

• Gave “voice” to the Elizabethan Age

Romeo & JulietRomeo & Juliet

Romeo & Juliet, a tragedy is adapted from the politics and intrigues of the Medicci family

Has become a classic of theatre

Romeo & Juliet, a tragedy is adapted from the politics and intrigues of the Medicci family

Has become a classic of theatre

Printing PressPrinting Press

• Johann Guttenberg around 1440 in Germany

• Movable type was a Chinese invention

• Made knowledge distribution cheaper, accurate and fast sparking literacy

• Johann Guttenberg around 1440 in Germany

• Movable type was a Chinese invention

• Made knowledge distribution cheaper, accurate and fast sparking literacy

Legacy of the RenaissanceLegacy of the Renaissance

• Greco Roman revival• Vernacular usage• Celebration of the individual• Encouraged a questioning spirit• Greater knowledge / literacy and desire for learning• Law and commerce and cartography expand• Christian humanists attempt reforms of society

• Greco Roman revival• Vernacular usage• Celebration of the individual• Encouraged a questioning spirit• Greater knowledge / literacy and desire for learning• Law and commerce and cartography expand• Christian humanists attempt reforms of society