An Emerging World Power Chapter 5 Academic Mrs. Hauber.

An Emerging World Power

Chapter 5AcademicMrs. Hauber

Section 1: Roots of Imperialism

Definition Historical roots Early Expansion

Perry Cushing Seward

Causes of Imperialism

Economic Natural Resources Spread of Religion Increased Prosperity

Military Reasons Spread of Democracy National Superiority

Manifest Destiny Social Darwinism

Video on Expansion

Sea Power

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan—wrote “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History” Need for more markets Need for powerful navy to support trade Colonies to provide raw materials Naval bases Panama Canal

By 1900 US was 3rd ranking navy

Video on Mahan

William Seward

Purchase of Alaska “Seward’s Folly” Two main resources

Purchase of Alaska

US Influence in Latin America

Pan-American Conference in 1889 Venezuelan Boundary Dispute Monroe Doctrine Showed a more aggressive

nature from the US

Interest in Hawaii

Links to the US Voting Rights New Tariff

The Annexation of Hawaii

Queen Lilikoulani John Stevens Treaty was drawn up In 1893, Grover Cleveland withdrew treaty and

restored “Queen Lil” to the throne. In 1898, US finally annexed Hawaii under

McKinley

Annexing Hawaii

Videoclip on US’s expansion

Section 2: The Spanish-American War

The Spanish-American War marked the rise of the United States as a global military power.

Revolt in Cuba

US was always interested in Cuba Sugar plantations Investments in railroads

Cuba was a colony of Spain Cuban rebels fought for independence from

Spain Jose Marti

The Cuban Revolt

Spain’s Response

Valeriano “Butcher” Weyler—ruthless General sent by Spain to put down revolt. Concentration camps Torture Starvation and Disease

The Yellow Press

Type of journalism that told

scandalous stories to sell papers. Joseph Pulitzer—headed “New York World”

Magazine and printed sensational stories of Spanish atrocities. Invented the “Yellow Kid”—first comic strip in

America William Randolph Hearst—headed the “New

York Journal”

Other events that led to US Involvement Dupuy DeLome—Spanish ambassador in

Cuba that wrote a letter which insulted our President.

Letter was published in US by the Yellow Press

Sinking of the Maine—US Battleship that exploded outside of the Cuba. 260 died. US blamed Spain.

Sinking of the Maine

US Goes to War

McKinley did not want war; but Americans demanded it.

April 11, 1898 US declares War

Defeat of the Spanish Fleet

George Dewey—ordered by TR to attack Spanish Fleet at the Philippines

Dewey had a great victory—won within 7 hours!

The Rough Riders

A group of cowboys, sheriffs, and desperados from the west led by TR

They defeated the Spanish at San Juan Hill in Cuba

Cheering Americans celebrated their victory all over the US.

“Splendid Little War”

Nickname given to the Spanish American War by John Hay Lasted only 4 months Only 385 battle deaths Acquired an empire Marked a big change in how the US related to the

world

US Acquisitions

Treaty of Paris Puerto Rico Guam—to be used as a refueling station in

the middle of the Pacific Ocean Philippines

All 7000 islands Paid 20 million to Spain for land

Anti-Imperialists

Those who were against the acquisition of new territories

Reasons: Undermines democracy Threatens American culture Invites perpetual war Hypocritical

Famous anti-imperialists included: Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, and William Jennings Bryan

Section 3: The US and East Asia Filipinos wanted independence; they went from

being ruled by Spain to being ruled by the US. Emilio Aguinaldo—Filipino that led revolt against

Americans US used brutal methods to put the Filipinos down War lasted three years In 1901 Howard Taft became governor of the

Philippines

Trade With China

Spheres of Influence—Land was leased to spec

Open Door Policy-- Ever nation would have equal commercial treatment throughout China.

Boxer Rebellion

Boxers—Chinese rebels that rose up against foreign influence. Believed their hands were magic Into martial arts

Outraged, many of the Great Powers wanted to divide China up and acquire it.

US preserved China’s independence by urging the Great Powers to resume Open Door Policy

Tensions Rise Between the US and Japan Russo-Japanese War

Teddy Roosevelt intervened and made a treaty Asian-American Prejudice

Gentleman’s Agreement—ended segregation and Japan would limit its immigration

Great White Fleet—16 US White Battleships went on a tour around the US.

Section 4: The US and Latin Section 4: The US and Latin AmericaAmerica

• US Policy in Puerto Rico and Cuba

• “Big Stick” Diplomacy– Building of the Panama Canal– Roosevelt Corollary

• Wilson Pursues a Moral Diplomacy– US and Mexico

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico

• Foraker Act—authorized the US to obtain control and appoint a governor.– Puerto Ricans were not given full citizenship

rights in the US– The US government could tax Puerto Rican

goods sold in the US

Cuban ProtectorateCuban Protectorate

• Teller Amendment—gave Cuba independence

• Platt Amendment—gave the US the right to intervene in Cuba

• Protectorate—protection and partial control of another country

Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” DiplomacyDiplomacy

• Depended on a strong military

• “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Panama CanalPanama Canal

• French first tried but failed

• Columbian revolt; Panamanians won

• US bought Panama route for $40 million

• Hardships– Rock– Yellow fever

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

• Updated the Monroe Doctrine

• The US would use police power to keep European influence out

• Latin America disagreed that they needed this protection

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy

• William Howard Taft’s Foreign Policy

• Meant to increase American investments in Central and Latin America.

Moral DiplomacyMoral Diplomacy

• Woodrow Wilson’s policy

• Meant the US would not gain any more territory and would work to promote human rights, national integrity, and opportunity

• Exceptions:– Haiti– Mexico

Wilson Sends troops to MexicoWilson Sends troops to Mexico

• Revolution– Porfirio Diaz—Mexican dictator that was

overthrown

• Wilson wanted Carranza in power

• Pancho Villa—Mexican bandit seized control and killed 18 Americans in a fire in new Mexico

• Escaped and was never captured