Scholars' Mine Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations Fall 1987 An assessment of large scale battery energy storage for industrial An assessment of large scale battery energy storage for industrial loads loads Brent Edward McKinney Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Department: Department: Recommended Citation Recommended Citation McKinney, Brent Edward, "An assessment of large scale battery energy storage for industrial loads" (1987). Masters Theses. 675. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/675 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected].
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Scholars' Mine Scholars' Mine
Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations
Fall 1987
An assessment of large scale battery energy storage for industrial An assessment of large scale battery energy storage for industrial
loads loads
Brent Edward McKinney
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses
Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons
Department: Department:
Recommended Citation Recommended Citation McKinney, Brent Edward, "An assessment of large scale battery energy storage for industrial loads" (1987). Masters Theses. 675. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/675
This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected].
Brent Edward Mckinney was born on February 28, 1964 in
Springfield, Missouri. He received his primary and secondary
education from Cabool Schools at Cabool, Missouri. During high school
he attended Mountain Grove Technical School and in 1982 received a
two-year degree in electrical technology. In August 1982 he began his
work at the University of Missouri-Rolla. In December 1986 he
received a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from
the University of Missouri-Rolla in Rol la, Missouri.
He has been enrolled in the Graduate School at the University of
Missouri-Rolla since January 1987. He also is the receipient of the
Union Electric Power Fellowship.
6 6
APPENDIX A
ASSESSMENT OF BOP CONFIGURATIONS
Tiering the battery modules is regarded as the most promising
space-saving approach. Reinforced concrete or structural steel is
considered to be the only practical materials for rack construction.
Battery racks for smaller station power systems are typ ica lly of free
standing steel construction and are bolted together in the field. The
racks are not more than three t iers high, which results in a rack of
about s ix or seven feet in height. The rack is anchored to the
building floor by using a reinforced concrete stanchion. The
stanchions support reinforced concrete shelves. The shelves are used
to support the lead-acid batteries and can support any battery modules
up to s ix cell. This rack is being constantly modified but i s s t i l l
considered more cost ly than prefabricated steel racks. Steel racks
can be supplied as either custom designed welded units or as
prefabricated snap together units such as are used for pallet racks in
warehouses. In many cases, i f the application is not in a seismic
zone, commercially available pallet racks can be modified to support
battery modules. I f the application is in a seismic zone some bracing
should be added to the pallet racks in order to reinforce the rack.
The structural integrity of the battery rack either through the
foundation or through the bu ild ing 's frame structure should be
considered. For a pre-engineered steel building the foundation size
is governed by the wind-induced uplift forces. Therefore, no space
saving can be accomplished with a pre-engineered steel building.
67
Standard length battery racks parallel to the building truss can
also be used. This approach would provide a flexible means of
increasing battery plant size without having to redesign the building
and building foundation. The evaluation of th i s design by Bechtel
proved that although theoretically this idea had promise, as an
engineering function this design was not feasible.
The overall assessment evaluation of the tiered configuration was
that the battery racks should be as many t iers as was safely possible.
This wil l decrease the amount of floor space needed for the battery
modules. The previous assessment had used a three tier model but the
final assessment proved that a four-t ier model was more feasible.
There are some drawbacks to the four-tier model; in order to perform
maintenance on the battery a fo rk l i f t will have to be used on the
fourth tier. The ce l ls also must be only racked two deep instead of
three deep. The sealed cell would have to be used with the four-t ier
model. This is due to maintenance requirements for the cel ls in the
fourth tier. These cel ls, whenever maintenance is performed, provide
a hazard if they are not sealed. Therefore, with a sealed cel l the
chances of a chemical sp i l l or accident is greatly diminished. There
are also many National Electric Code rules which must be adhered to
with this configuration. For example, for system voltages between 600
and 2500 volts the National E lectric Code specifies a minimum aisle
space of five feet if there are l ive parts on both sides of the aisle.
A four foot aisle must be provided between the battery modules and the
walls. Since the a is le requirements for an average fo rk l i f t is 7.5
feet the aisle requirements by the NEC will be met by default.
6 8
Note:
con sidered
The maximum working height of available fo rk l i f t s should
when deciding how high to stack the battery modules.
be
A. ASSESSMENT OF SINGLE-LAYER CONFIGURATIONS
The single layer configuration is used to reduce the cost and
operational d i f f icu lt ie s associated with racks and the maintenance
thereof. In a single layer configuration the battery modules would be
pushed together and only a limited amount of ais les would be provided.
The modules would have a two inch spacing between them within a row
and a six inch spacing between the rows. A four inch support would
also have to be added to each module for cooling purposes. There are
two major concepts for single layer configurations. The f i r s t one
consists of the spacing dimensions discussed above and a few 5.5 foot
a is les for maintenance purposes. The second concept eliminates all
a is les and spaces in between modules. The maintenance for the battery
would be performed with an electric hoist. The hoist could also be
used for cell removal and replacement.
B. ASSESSMENT OF OUTDOOR CONFIGURATIONS
The outdoor configuration can only be used for a sealed cel l.
This is due to the d if f icu lty of providing maintenance to a standard
cell during inclimate weather. However, a tiered approach of
positioning the modules outside an enclosure can be an effective way
of reducing the space requirements for the battery system. The
modules can be stacked in a four-t ier arrangement that greatly
decreases the space requirements.
69
After reviewing all of the configurations for a BES system Bechtel
has designed 7 BOP configurations. These configurations can be found
in EPRI project 1275-12 and the configuration summaries are as
follows:
1. Standard Cell, Three Aisle, Tiered Configuration. In this
configuration two rows of battery racks support 160 6-cell modules.
These modules are in a four-t ier rack and each rack is 26Lx4.5Dxl9H
"feet." The building used wil l measure 40Lx33Wx24H "feet." There
will be three a is les, each being 7.5 feet in width. This wil l provide
adequate space for the fo rk l i f t s which are used in maintenance
procedures. An adjustable height-platform should also be installed as
a uackup system for maintenance procedures. The building should be
equipped with a heavy equipment door and should also have a control
room for the converter and the control equipment.
2. Standard Cell, Two Aisle, Tiered Configuration. This is the
same as configuration 1 except that the two racks closest to the walls
will be only 2.25 feet deep. The center rack wil l remain 4.5 feet
deep. This allows the elimination of one of the a is les which allows
the building dimensions to become 40Lx25Wx24H "feet." This
configuration will also accommodate 160 battery modules.
3. Standard Cell, Ultra Narrow Aisle, Tiered Configuration. This
configuration is the same as configuration 2 except that the ais le
width is decreased to 5 feet. By decreasing the a is le width the
building size can be decreased but a different method of maintenance
must be used since a fo rk l i f t cannot operate in a 5 foot aisle.
70
Therefore, in order to perform maintenance a tro l ley system should be
installed to repair and replace damaged cells. An adjustable-height
platform may also be used for some maintenance jobs.
4. Standard Cell, Single Layer, No Aisle Configuration. In tnis
configuration eight rows of modules are installed in a block
configuration. This configuration is 21 feet long and has 6 inches of
spacing in between the rows. Each row contains 18 modules which are
placed parallel to each other. All maintenance is performed by a
hoist system and the building measures 55Lx30Wxl2H "feet." It should
be noted tnat th is configuration is only for 144 modules and the
previous configurations have accommodated 160 modules.
5. Standard Cell, S ing le Layer, Narrow Ai sle Configuration. This
configuration uses 5 rows of battery modules, each 1-tier high. Each
row is 50 feet long and is separated from the next row by a 5.5 foot
aisle. The three center rows are in groups of four modules and are
placed end to end. The outside rows are in groups of two modules and
are places end to end. Certain fo rk l i f t s can be used for maintenance
but with the 5.5 foot a is les maintenance is not done easi ly by the
fo rk l i f t s . The configuration also allows for maintenance to be done
from the ais les by maintenance personnel. This is much easier and
more favorable than attempting to do maintenance with a fo rk l i f t .
6. Sealed Cell, Indoor, Two Ai s l e , T iered Configuration. This is
the same as configuration 2 except that the racxs are only nine feet
high and a 12 cell module is used. There are 56 12-cell modules in
this configuration and the building dimensions are 36Lx20Wxl0H "feet."
71
7. Sealed Cell, Outdoor Enclosures, Tiered Configuration. In this
configuration two fu l l battery racks are used. The battery racks are
one-tier high and each rack contains 48 12-cell modules. An eight
foot aisle is placed between the racks and the building dimensions are
28Lx7WxllH "feet." This allows room for the auxil iary equipment and
the converter in the building.
Overall, whenever a BOP configuration is chosen, consideration
must be given to plant size, module size and quantity, and the seismic
zone properties of the region.
72
APPENDIX B
ECONOMIC COMPUTER MODEL
MODEL THESIS READY FOR E O I T , LAST L I N E IS 1020 INPU T: L I S T 1MODEL THESIS VERSION Of 0 9 / 2 3 / 8 7 2 0 : 6 110 COLUMNS 1 9 8 6 - 2 0 0 6
BALANCE OF PLANT F IX E D COST = 2 8 6 0 0 . 0 BATTERY KW C A PA CITY =CONVERTER BASE COS T - 2 6 0 . 0 SALVAGE RATE = .1 1IN FLA TIO N RATE -
DISCOUNT RATE =CONTINGENCY R A H - SALES TAX -
. 8= . 9 66
RATE -
20 30 60 60 60 70 80 90100 BATTERY k I 10 CONVERTER 120 BOP K 130 INSURANCE 160 FEDERAL TAX RATE =160 STATE TAX RATE =160 ON PEAK DEMAND CHARGE =170 OFF PEAK ENERGY CHARCE =180 0 ISCHARCE DURATION HRS =190 BATTERY KWH C A PA CITY =2 0 0 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN MW =2 1 0 SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST CURVE - - . 3 2 2 2 0 ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES =2 3 0 ANNUAL INTERRUPTIBLE LOAO SA VIN C S =2 6 0 BATTERY E F F IC IE N C Y .82 6 0 ROUNO TR IP CONVERTER E F F IC IE N C Y = . 9 2 " . 9 22 6 0 M A I N T = 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 , 3 6 0 0 . 5 1 0 0 , 5 9 0 0 . 1 6 3 0 0 , 2 6 0 0 . 1 7 0 0 , 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . '2 7 0 6 1 0 0 . 5 9 0 0 . 1 5 3 0 0 . 2 5 0 0 , 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 , 5 1 0 0 . 5 9 0 0 , 1 5 3 0 02 8 0 ANNUAL OPERATING AND MAINTENENCE EXPENSE = ( BATTERY KW C A P A C I T Y / '29 0 1 0 0 0 ) “ MAI NT300 CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY = 2 0 0 0 310 KW SHAVED OFF PEAK =32 0 BATTERY MWH CA PA CITY = BATTERY KWH CAPAC I T Y / 1 00 0330 BATTERY DIRECT COST = 2 1 1 / ( LOG 1 0 ( DISCHARCE DURATION H R S ) * . 7 5 7 ) , 0 360 BATTERY OISCOUNT FACTOR = 1 . 1 - . 1 * L O C 1 0 ( BATTERY MWH C A P A C I T Y ) , 0 350 BATTERY ACCOUNTING FA CTO R=(INSURANCE R A T E * ( 1"B ATTERY K " (S A L E S T A X) ) 360 ♦CONTIN GENCY RATE)3 7 0 CONVERTER ACCOUNTING FA CTO R=(INS URA NC E RATE• ( 1 "CONVERTER K * '380 (S A L E S T A X ) ) * C 0 N T I N C E N C Y RATE)390 BOP ACCOUNTING FACTOR= ( INSURANCE R A T E * ( 1 * B 0 P K * ( S A L E S T A X ) ) '6 0 0 *C 0 N T IN C E N C Y RATE)6 1 0 BATTERY COST = BATTERY D IRE CT COST "BATTERY ACCOUNTING FACTOR'6 2 0 "BATTERY OISCOUNT FA C TO R ,06 3 0 CONV COST - CONVERTER ACCOUNTING FAC TO R"( CONVERTER BASE C O S T " '6 6 0 XPOWERY( NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN M W , '6 5 0 SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST CU RVE))6 6 0 B U 'L D IN C FACTOR = BATTERY MWH CA PA G ' T Y / ( 1 . 3 2 * ’6 7 0 LO C10(O IS CH ARC E DURATION H R S ) * 1 ) . 06 8 0 B U IL D IN G COST = 1 2 7 "XPOWERY ( 8 U I L O I N C FAC TOR. . 7 6 5 ) * 1 0 0 0 . 06 9 0 OC EQUIPMENT COST ̂ 1 7 . 3"XPOWERY(BATTERY MWH CAPACI TY . . 9 6 1 ) * '50 0 XPOWERY( o I SCHARCE DURATI ON H R S . - . 6 7 7 ) • 1 0 0 0 , 051 0 BOP COST - BOP ACCOUNTING F AC T OR • ( BALANCE OF PLANT F I X E D C O S T * '62 0 B U I l 0 1NG COST+OC EQUI PMENT COST J . O53 0 PLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S - (B OP COST " ( B A T T E R Y COST '56 0 "B ATTERY KWH CAPAC I TY ) ♦ ( CONV C O S T " '55 0 BATTERY KW C A P A C I T Y ) ) / 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 056 0 ENGI NEERI NG C O S T ^ I f PLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S . C E . . 8 6 THEN'570 ( 188*XPOWERY(PL ANT COST IN M I L L I O N S . '580 p l a n t COST IN M I L L I O N S / - 8 5 7 ) ) * 1 00 0 ELSE 1 6 1 0 0 0 . 0590 BATTERY ANO CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y - BATTERY E F F I C I E N C Y " '60 0 ROUND T R I P CONVERTER E T f l C I E N C Y6 1 0 ANN'JAl ENERGY LOST - CYCLE L I F E OF B A T T ER Y " B A T T E R Y KWH CAP AC I T Y " ( 1 - ' 6 2 0 B A I T E RY AND CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y ) / '63 0 ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES6 6 0 ANNUAL 0! h a n d S A VI NG BEFORE TAX = KW SHAVED OFF P E A K * '6 5 0 ON PEAK DEMAND CHARCE* 1 26 6 0 STATI TAX (ANNUAL OEMAND S A V I NG BEFORE TAX'6 7 0 - ANNUAL OPE RAI ING AND MAI NTENENCE E X P E N S E - '6 8 0 (ANNUAL ENERCY L OST* OFF PEAK ENERCY C H A R C E ) ) '6 9 0 " STATE TAX RATE700 FEDERAL t a x - (ANNUAL DEMAND SA V I NG BEFORE T A X - STATE T A X ’710 - ANNUAL OPERATI NG ANO MAI NTENENCE E X P E N S E - '720 (ANNUAL ENERGY LOST" OFF PEAK ENERCY C H A R C E ) ) '7 ) 0 "EE DEPAL TAX RA T E760 ANNUAl DEMAND SAVI NG AT TER TAX ANNUAL DEMANO S A V I N C BEFORE T A X - ' 750 ( STATE TAX ♦ FEDERAL TAX)760 SALVAGf VALUE SALVAGE R A T E * P R f. V I OUS 20 BATTERY DI RECT COST * '
770 BATTERY KWH CAPACITY780 ACRS DEPR( CATECORY.START,BC DEPR COST,ACRS PER PERIOD)790 CATECORY = 5 800 START - 198681 0 BATT AND CONV COST - BATTERY DIRECT COST "BATTERY KWH CAPACITY ♦ '82 0 ( (CONVERTER BASE COST"XPOWERY('830 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN MW.'860 SLOPE OE CONVERTER COST C U R V E ) ) '850 "BATTERY KW C A P A C ITY )860 BC DEPR COS I - ( BA T T E R > OIRECT COS T"BAT TCRY KWH C A P A C I T Y * ) '8 7 0 1-SALVACE R A T E ) ) ♦ ( (CONVERTER BASE COST"XPOWERY( '880 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN M W . '890 SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST CU RVE) ) "BAT TERY KW CAPACITY)900 BOP DEPR = BOP COST/BOP ACCOUNTING FACTOR91 0 ACRS DEPRIBOP CATECORY. S T A R T , BOP DEPR.ACRS BOP)920 BOP CATECORY = 159 3 0 DEPRECIAT IO N TAX S A V IN G - ACRS PER PER IOD"EEOERAL TAX R A T E * '9 6 0 ACRS BOP *E EOERAL TAX RATE9 5 0 OVERALL COST= (PLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S " 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) ♦ EN CINE ERINC COST ♦ ' 96 0 (ANNUAL ENERCY L O S T " '97 0 OFF PEAK ENERCY CHARCE) ♦ ( ANNUAL OPERATING AND MAINTENENCE EXPENSE)9 8 0 OVERALL BENEFIT = ANNUAL OEMANO SAVINC AFTER TAX ♦ SALVACE VALUE ♦ ' 99 0 ANNUAL INTERRUPTIBLE LOAO SAVINCS ♦ '1000 D E PR ECIAT IO N TAX SAVINC1010 NET PRESENT WORTH = NPVC(OVERALL BENEF I T , 0 1SCOUNT RATE,OVERALL COST) 1020 AFTER TAX RATE OF RETURN = I R R ( OVERALL B E N E F IT , OVERALL COST)END OF MODEL INPUT: NORECORO
74
APPENDIX C
DESCRIPTION OF VARIABLES IN ECONOMIC MODEL
After Tax Rate of Return: The variable is f a i r l y self-
explanatory. This is the project 's overall rate of return after taxes
have been considered.
Annual Battery Cycles: This variable is an estimate of how many
times the battery w il l be completely cycled in a year. The estimate
is determined by the character, shape and profile factor of the
previous load profi les in which the battery is being considered for
use.
Annual Demand Saving After Tax: This variable is the yearly
demand savings of a battery energy storage system and is corrected for
taxes. The variable is calculated by taking the monthly KW demand
savings for 12 months and multiplying them by the demand rate charged
by the consumer's u t i l i t y . The monthly savings is then annualized and
the federal and state taxes are subtracted from the total savings.
This procedure produces the overall annual profit of a battery energy
system corrected for taxes.
Annual Demand Saving Before Tax: This is the same as the annual
demand saving after tax except that the federal and state taxes are
not subtracted.
75
Annual Energy Lost: This is the yearly energy "measured in KWhr"
that is lost due to the inefficiencies of the battery and converter
design. The energy is estimated by using the estimate for annual
battery cycles and the battery and converter efficiencies.
Annual Interruptible Load Savings: This is the yearly incentive
payment that the u t i l i t y is w i l l ing to make to an industrial customer
i f the customer agrees to reduce their load by a certain amount
whenever the u t i l i t y reaches a peak demand situation. This incentive
payment i s usually expressed in $KW/month but the variable is based on
a annual payment.
Annual Operating and Maintenance Cost: This is the yearly cost of
operating and maintaining all phases of the battery energy storage
system. The figures used for th is variable are the estimates provided
by Bechtel in project 1 275-12 .
Balance of Plant Fixed Cost: This is an estimate of the cost
required to connect a large scale battery energy storage system to a
customer's power distribution system and to provide the control
instrumentation for such a connection.
Batt and Conv Cost: This is the cost of the battery and converter
being used without allowances for taxes and insurance.
76
Battery Accounting Factor: This is the factor which is used to
account for sales tax, insurance and contingency for the battery.
Battery and Converter Efficiency: This is the product of the
battery efficiency and the round trip converter efficiency.
Battery Cost: This is the actual cost of the battery after the
accounting factor has been applied. The cost also includes the
battery discount factor provided by Bechtel.
Battery Direct Cost: This is the base lOMWhr cost of the battery
before the accounting or battery discount factor is applied.
Battery Discount Factor: This factor is used to provide a cost
for a battery lOMWhr and smaller. The factor is a variable dependent
on the energy size of the battery. The factor is multiplied by the
base lOMWhr cost of the battery "battery direct cost" and the result
is the actual cost of the battery.
Battery Efficiency: This is the deep cycle efficiency of the
battery which is provided by the battery manufacturer.
Battery K: The ratio of taxable battery equipment cost to the
battery direct cost.
77
Battery KW Capacity: This i s the amount of power " i n KW" which
can be stored in the battery. This may vary from year to year but
this variable will be the manufacturer's capacity specifications.
Battery KWi Capacity: This i s the amount of energy " in KWr"
which can be stored in the battery. The energy which is stored is not
totally put back into the system because of battery and converter
efficiencies, but the energy used for this variable will be the actual
amount of energy which can be stored in the battery. This is not the
same as the energy which can be released from the battery.
Battery MWH Capacity: This i s the battery KWhr capacity divided
by 1000.
BC Depr Cost: The amount of capital which can be depreciated for
the battery and converter.
BOP Accounting Factor: This is the factor which accounts for
sales tax, insurance rate and contingency for the BOP.
BOP Category: This is the depreciation c la ss which i s used for
the Balance of Plant cost.
BOP Cost: This i s the total Balance of Plant cost corrected for
insurance and sales tax by the accounting factor.
78
Bop Depr: This is the total Balance of Plant cost before it is
multiplied by the accounting factor.
BOP K: The ratio of taxable equipment cost to BOP direct cost.
Building Cost: Dummy variable used to calculate building cost.
Building Factor: This is the building area-related cost.
Category: This is the depreciation class which is used for the
battery and converter cost.
Contingency Rate: This is the "sureness" variable which is
incorporated into the accounting factor. This variable allows for a
margin of error in the ratio of taxable/non-taxable cost. The margin
is then figured into the overall cost for insurance purposes. A
smaller error in the ratio of taxable/non-taxable cost leads to a
smaller contingency rate.
Conv Cost: This is the total cost of a 1MW converter which has
been adjusted by the accounting factor.
Converter Accounting Factor: This is the factor which accounts
for the sales tax, insurance rate and the contingency for the
converter.
79
Converter Base Cost: This is the base cost for the 1 MW converter.
Converter K: The rat io of converter equipment cost to the
converter direct cost.
Cycle Life of Battery: This is the number of complete deep
battery cycles which the battery manufacturer guarantees the battery
will operate within distortion, harmonic and a l l engineering
specif ica t ions.
DC Equipment Cost: This is the Balance of Plant cost for the dc
bus and the switching equipment.
Depreciation Tax Savings: This is the annual tax savings using
the MACRS depreciation allowances.
Discharge Duration Hrs: This i s the amount of time, in hrs,
during which the battery will be expected to discharge energy at a
given rate.
Discount Rate: The Marginal Attractive Rate of Return of the
company in which battery energy storage is being considered.
Engineering Cost: The total cost of the engineering for the
battery energy storage project including battery, converter and
balance o f plant.
80
Federal Tax: The annual amount of federal tax which is owed due
to the savings of the BES system.
Federal Tax Rate: The highest tax level for corporations.
Inflation Rate: The average expected inflation rate for the next
20 years.
Insurance Rate: The percentage rate used to calculate the
insurance cost of the project. This rate is merely for l i a b i l i t y and
equipment replacement and was provided to Bechtel in project 1275-12.
KW Shaved Off Peak: The total amount of power demand, in KW,
which is shaved off the peak demand of the industrial profi le being
considered.
Maint: Dummy variable for maintenance purposes.
Net Present Worth: The net present value of the battery energy
storage project as applied to a given load profile.
Nominal Output Power in MW: The manufacturer's specification for
the output power of a battery in MW.
81
Off Peak Energy Charge: The energy cost, in $/KWhr, of the
u t i l i ty which serves the industry to which the BES system is being
applied.
On Peak Demand Charge: The power demand cost, in $/KW, o f the
u t i l i ty which serves the industry to which the BES system is being
appl ied .
Overall Benefit: The annual capital savings provided by the BES
system. These savings are after tax and include peak demand and
depreciation tax savings.
Overall Cost: The annual cap ita l expenditures of the BES system.
Plant Cost in M i l l ions: Combined cost of the battery, converter
and balance of plant. This includes the accounting factor and is
given in millions.
Round Trip Converter Efficiency: The overall efficiency of ac-dc
converter given the conversion from ac to dc and then back to ac.
Sa les Tax: The applicable sa le s tax or user rate in the area in
which the BES system is to be used.
82
Salvage rate: The percent of the battery direct cost which can be
recovered from the battery after the cycle l i fe of the battery. This
rate comes from the lead in the battery.
Salvage value: The salvage rate multiplied by the battery direct
cost.
83
APPENDIX D
EXAMPLE OF COMPUTER MODEL OUTPUT
MODEL THESIS REAOY TOR E D I T , LAST L IN E IS 1020 INPUT: SOLVEMODEL THESIS VERSION Or 0 9 / 2 3 / 8 7 2 0 : 6 5 - - 21 COLUMNS 6 2 VAR IABLCSENTER SOLVE OPTIONS INPUT: ALL
BALANCE OF PLANT f I XLD C 0 0 0 0 0 0BATTERY KW CAPACI TY 6 0 0 600 50 0 50 0 500 5 0 0CONVERTER BASE COST 0 0 0 0 0 0SALVACE RATE . 1 100 . 1 100 . 1 100 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 100 . 1 100i n f l a t i o n r a t e .0*460 . 0*460 .0*450 .0*450 .0*450 . 0 6 5 0OISCOUNT RATE . 0 8 0 0 .0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0800 . 0 8 0 0
84
CONTINGENCY RATE SALES TAX BATTERY K CONVERTER K BOP KINSURANCE RATEf e d e r a l t a x RATESTATE TAX RATE ON PEAK DEMAND CHARCE Of E PEAK ENERCY CHARCE 0 ISCHARCE OURATI ON HRS BATTERY KWH CAPACITY NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN SLOPE Of CONVERTER COST ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES ANNUAL INTERRUPTIBLE LOA BATTERY E F f I C I E N C Y ROUND TRIP CONVERTER EFF MAI NTANNUAL OPERATINC ANO MAI CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY KW SHAVED OFF PEAK BATTERY MWH CAPACITY BATTERY DIRECT COST BATTERY OISCOUNT FACTOR BATTERY ACCOUNTING FACTO CONVERTER ACCOUNTING FAC BOP ACCOUNTING FACTOR BATTERY COST CONV COST B U IL D IN G FACTOR 8 U IL D IN C COST DC EQUIPMENT COST BOP COSTPLANT COST IN M IL L IO N S EN CINE ERINC COST BATTERY ANO CONVERTER EF ANNUAL ENERCY LOST ANNUAL DEMAND S A VINC BEF STATE TAX FEOERAL TAXANNUAL DEMANO SA VINC AFTSALVACE VALUEACRS PER PER IOOCATECORYSTARTBATT ANO CONV COST8C OEPR COSTBOP OEPRACRS BOPBOP CATECORYDEPR ECIAT IO N TAX S A V IN COVERALL COSTOVERALL B E NE FITNET PRESENT WORTHAFTER TAX RATE Of RETURN
BALANCE Of PLANT F I X E O CBATTERY KW CAPACI TYCONVERTER BASE COSTSALVACE RATEI NF L A T I O N RATEDISCOUNT RATECONTINCENCY RATESALES TAXBATTERY KCONVERTER KBOP KINSURANCE RATE FEDERAL TAX RATE STATE TAX RATE ON PEAK OEMANO CHARCE O f f PEAK ENERCY CHARCE OlSCHARCE DURATION HRS BATTERY KWH CA PA CI TY NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST
ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES ANNUAL INTERRUPTIBLE LOA BATTERY E r f l C I C N C Y ROUND TR IP CONVERTER EFF MAI NTANNUAL OPERATING ANO MAI CYCLE L I T E OF BATTERY KW SHAVED OFF PEAK BATTERY MWH CAPACITY BATTERY DIRECT COST BATTERY DISCOUNT FACTOR BATTERY ACCOUNTING FACTO CONVERTER ACCOUNTING FAC BOP ACCOUNTING FACTOR BATTERY COST CONV COST B U IL D IN G FACTOR B U IL O IN C COST OC EQUIPMENT COST BOP COSTPLANT COST IN M ILL IO N S ENCINEERINC COST BATTERY ANO CONVERTER EF ANNUAL CNERCY LOST ANNUAL DEMANO SAVING BEE STATE TAX FEDERAL TAXANNUAL DEMANO SAVING AFTSALVACE VALUEACRS PER PERIODCATECORYSTARTBATT ANO CONV COST8C OEPR COSTBOP OEPRACRS BOPBOP CATECORYDEPRECIATIO N TAX SAVINGOVERALL COSTOVERALL BENEFITNET PRESENT WORTHAFTER TAX RATE OF RETURN
BALANCE OF PLANT FIXED C BATTERY KW CAPACITY CONVERTER BASE COST SALVAGE RATE INFLA TION RATE
DISCOUNT RATE CONTINGENCY RATE SALES TAX BATTERY K CONVERTER K BOP KINSURANCE RATE FEOCRAL TAX RATE STATE TAX RAfE ON PEAK DEMAND CHARGE OFF PEAK ENERCY CHARGE DISCHARGE OUR A T ION HRS BATTERY KWH CAPACI TY NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES ANNUAL I NTERRUPTI BLE LOA BATTERY EF F I C I ENCY ROUND TRI P CONVERTER EFF MA I NTANNUAL OPFRATI NC AND MAI CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY KW SHAVED OFF PEAK BATTERY MWH CAPACI TY BATTERY OIRECT COST BATTERY OISCOUNT FACTOR BATTERY ACCOUNTING FACTO CONVERTER ACCOUNTING FAC b o p a c c o u n t i n g f a c t o r
1 . 167 1.167 1 . 1671 .176 1.176 1.1761 . I L L 1 . I L L 1 . ILL
0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0
.677 1 .6771 .677 19686 9686 9686
1393LO 1 L 5 6 1 1 1521636858 7171 7L60
LL 30 L L 63 2L L819388 1 78 92 1 15 96510
0 0 00 0 05 5 5
1986 1986 19860 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0
15 15 150 0 0
21 75 2192 295988178 92115 96510
- 19858L - 17L328 - 150976.OL 15 . 0L82 .0539
BATTERY COST 0 0CONV COST 0 0B U I I O IN C FACTOR 0 0B U I I O IN C COST 0 0OC EQUIPMENT COST 0 0BOP COST 0 0PLANT COST IN M IL L IO N S 0 0ENCINEERINC COST 0 0BATTERY ANO CONVERTER Ef . 6 7 7 1 .6 7 7 1ANNUAL ENERCY LOST 9 6 8 6 9 68 6ANNUAL DEMANO S A V 1NC BEE 1 5 9 0 1 0 166 166STATE TAX 7782 7903FEDERAL TAX 5 0 2 6 9 5 1066ANNUAL DEMAND SAVINC AFT 1 0 0 960 107206SALVACE VALUE 0 0ACRS PER PERlOO 0 0CATECORY 5 5START 1986 1986BAT T ANO CONV COST 0 0BC OEPR COST 0 0BOP DEPR 0 0ACRS BOP 0 0BOP CATECORY 15 15DEPRECIATION TAX SAVINC 0 0OVERALL COST 3 37 8 6 09 7OVERALL BENEFIT 1 0 0 9 6 0 107206NET PRESENT WORTH - 126U28 - 107 303AFTER TAX RATE OF RETURN . 0 5 8 9 . 0 6 3 2
ENTER SOLVE OPTIONS INPUT: NORECORD
8 6
00000000
.677 19 6 8 6
1 73614 3627663*465
1 119022 8 2 10
051986
0000
1506117
1U01 12- 6 1 2 1 1
. 0 6 8 0
APPENDIX E
MODEL AND OUTPUT FOR CASE NUMBER ONE
MOOEL T H E S IS REAOY TOR E D I T . LAST L I N E IS 1 0 2 0 IN P U T : L I S T 1MOOEL T H E S IS VERSIO N OF 0 9 / 2 3 / 8 7 1 5 : 5 810 COLUMNS 1 9 8 6 - 2 0 0 62 0 BALANCE OF PLANT F I X E D COST - 2 8 6 0 0 , 030 BATTERY KW C A P A C IT Y = 1 00 01*0 CONVERTER BASE COST= 2 6 0 . 05 0 SALVACE RATE = .1 16 0 IN F L A T I O N RATE = . 0 6 570 OISCOUNT RATE = . 0 88 0 CO NTIN GENCY RATE = . 0 59 0 SALES TAX = . 0 5 5100 BATTERY K = . 81 10 CONVERTER K = . 9 5120 BOP K = . 6130 INSURANCE RATE = 1 . 0 7160 FEDERAL TAX RATE = . 3 6150 STATE TAX RATE * . 0 5160 ON PEAK OEMAND CHARCE = 1 3 . 6 9 . PREV IO U S * ( 1 ♦ INFLAT I ON RATE)170 OFF PEAK ENERCY CHARCE = . 0 1 2 6 5 . P R E V I O U S * ( 1 ♦ IN F L A T I ON RATE)180 DISCHARGE DURATION HRS = 2190 BATTERY KWH C A P A C IT Y = 2 0 0 02 0 0 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN MW = 1 . 02 1 0 SLOPE Of CONVERTER COST CURVE = - . 3 22 2 0 ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES = 1002 3 0 ANNUAL IN T E R R U P T IB L E LOAD SA V IN C S = 02 6 0 BATTERY E F F I C I E N C Y = . 82 5 0 ROUNO TR IP CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y = . 9 2 * . 9 22 6 0 M A IN T = 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 5 1 0 0 . 5 9 0 0 . 1 5 3 0 0 , 2 5 0 0 , 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . '2 7 0 5 1 0 0 . 5 9 0 0 . 1 5 3 0 0 2 5 0 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 5 1 0 0 . 5 9 0 0 . 1 5 3 0 02 8 0 ANNUAL OPERATING ANO M AINTENENCE EXPENSE = ( BATTERY KW C A P A C I T Y / '2 9 0 1 0 0 0 ) *MAIN T3 0 0 CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY = 2 0 0 0 3 1 0 KW SHAVED OFF PEAK = 10003 2 0 BATTERY MWH C A P A C IT Y * BATTERY KWH C A P A C I T Y / 10003 3 0 BATTERY O IR E C T COST = 2 1 1 / ( L O C 1 0 ( 0 ISCHARCE DURATION M R S ) * . 757 ) . 0 3 6 0 BATTERY OISCOUNT FACTOR * 1 . 1 - . 1 * L O C 1 0 ( BATTERY MWH C A P A C I T Y ) , 03 5 0 BATTERY ACCOUNTING FAC TOR = ( INSURANCE R A T E * ( 1 *BATTERY K * ( S \ L E S T A X ) ) 3 6 0 *CO N TIN C EN C Y RATE)3 7 0 CONVERTER ACCOUNTING FACTOR = ( INSURANCE RA TE• ( 1 *CONVERTER K * '3 8 0 (S A L E S T A X ) ) *CONTINCENCY RATE)3 9 0 BOP ACCOUNTING FACTOR= ( INSURANCE RATE“ ( l * B O P K * (S A L E S T A X ) ) '6 0 0 *C O N T IN C E N C Y RATE)6 1 0 BATTERY COST = BATTERY O IR E C T COST ‘ BATTERY ACCOUNTING FACTOR'6 2 0 ‘ BATTERY O ISCOUNT FA CTO R. 06 3 0 CONV COST * CONVERTER ACCOUNTING F A C T O R * ( CONVERTER BASE C O S T * '6 6 0 XPOWERY(NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN M W,'6 5 0 SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST C U R V E ) )6 6 0 8 U I L D I N C FACTOR = BATTERY MWH CAPAC I T Y / ( 1 . 3 2 * '6 7 0 L O C IO IO IS C M A R C E DURATION H R S ) * 1 ) , 06 8 0 B U I L D I N C COST = 1 2 7 "XPOWERY( B U IL O I N C F A C T O R . . 7 6 5 ) * 1 0 0 0 . 06 9 0 OC EQUIPMENT COST = I 7 . 3 "XPOWERY( BAT TERY MWH C A P A C IT Y . . 9 6 1 ) • '5 0 0 XPOWERY! 01 SCHARCE O'JRATION HRS. - . 6 7 7 ) * 1 0 0 0 . C5 1 0 BOP COST = BOP ACCOUNTING FAC TOR• ( BALANCE OF PLANT F I X E D COST*6 2 0 B U IL O I N C COS T *0 C EQUIPMENT C O S T ) , 05 3 0 PLANT COST IN M IL L IO N S - ( BOP COST ♦ ( BAT T £ RY COST'^ 6 0 ‘ BATTERY KWH C A P A C I T Y ) * (C O N V C O S T * '5 5 0 8 A IT E R Y KW C A P A C I T Y ) ) / 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 05 6 0 E N C IN E E R IN C C O S T = IF PLANT COST IN M IL L IO N S . C E . .8 6 TH EN’5 7 0 ( 1 8 8 *X P 0 W E R Y (P L A N T COST IN M I L L I O N S , '5 8 0 PLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S / - 8 5 7 ) ) * 1000 ELSE 1 6 1 0 0 0 . 05 9 0 BATTERY ANO CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y = BATTERY E F F I C I E N C Y * ’6 0 0 ROUNO TR IP CONVERTER E F F IC IE N C Y6 1 0 ANNUAL ENERCY LOST = CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY*BAT TERY KWH C A P A C I T Y * ( 1 - 6 2 0 BATTERY AND CONVERTER EFF I C IE N C Y ) / '6 3 0 ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES6 6 0 ANNUAL DEMANO S A V I NC BEf ORE TAX = KW SHAVED OFF PE A K * '6 5 0 ON PEAK OEMANO CHARCE*126 6 0 STATE TAX - ( ANNUAL DEMAND S A V I N C BEf ORE TAX'6 7 0 - a n n u a l OPERATI NG ANO MAI NTENENCE EXPENSE - '6 8 0 (ANNUAL ENERCY LOST* OFF PEAK ENERCY C H A R C E ) ) '6 9 0 ‘ STATE TAX RATE7 0 0 FEDERAL TAX = ( ANNUAL DEMAND S A V I NC 6E F0RE TAX- STATE TAX'7 1 0 -ANNUAL O PER A TIN C ANO MAINTENENCE E X P E N S E - '7 2 0 (ANNUAL ENERCY L O S T ‘ OFF PEAK ENERCY C H A R G E ) ) '7 3 0 ‘ FEDERAL Ta x RATE7 6 0 ANNUAL DEMAND S A V I NC Af TER TAX - ANNUAL DEMANO SAVI NC BEFORE T A X - ' 7 5 0 ( STATE TAX ♦ FEDERAL TAX)7 6 0 SALVACE VALUE = SALVACE R A 1E " P R E V IOUS 2 0 BATTERY DI RECT COST • '
7 7 0 BATTERY KWH CAPACITY7 8 0 ACRS D E P R (C A TE C O R Y .S T A R T .B C OEPR COST.ACRS PER PERIOO)7 9 0 CATECORY = 5 8 0 0 START = 19868 1 0 BATT AND CONV COST = BATTERY D IRE CT COST ‘ BATTERY KWH CAPACITY ♦ '8 2 0 ( (CONVERTER BASE COST‘ XPOWERY( '8 3 0 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN M W , '8 6 0 SLOPE OE CONVERTER COST C U R V E ) ) '8 5 0 ‘ BATTERY KW C A P A C IT Y )8 6 0 BC OEPR COST ^ (BA TTE RY OIRECT COST‘ BATTERY KWH C A P A C IT Y ‘ ( '8 7 0 1-SALVACE R A T E ) ) ♦ ( (CONVERTER BASE COS T‘ XPOWERY( ’8 8 0 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN M W ,'8 9 0 SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST CU R V E ) ) ‘ BATTERY KW CA P A C ITY )9 0 0 BOP OEPR = BOP COST/BOP ACCOUNTING FACTOR 9 1 0 ACRS OE PR( BOP CATECORY, S T A R T , BOP DEPR,A CRS BOP)9 2 0 BOP CATECORY r 159 3 0 DE P R E C IA T IO N TAX SA VING ^ ACRS PER PER 10D*FEOERAL TAX R A T E * '9 6 0 ACRS BOP‘ FEDERAL Ta x RATE9 5 0 OVERALL COS T- (PLANT COST IN M ILL IONS* 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) ♦ EN CINE ERINC COST ♦ ' 9 6 0 (ANNUAL ENERCY L O S T * ’9 7 0 O f f PEAK ENERCY CHARCE) ♦ ( ANNUAL OPERATING AND MAINTENENCE EXPENSE)9 8 0 OVERALL B E N C FIT r ANNUAL DEMANO S A V IN C AFTER TAX ♦ SALVACE VALUE ♦ ' 9 9 0 ANNUAL INTE R R U P TIB L E LOAO S A V IN C S ♦ '1 0 0 0 D E P R E C IA T IO N TAX S A VINC1 0 1 0 NET PRESENT WORTH = NPVC(0VERALL BENEF I T . 0 ISCOUNT RATE.OVERALL COST) 1 0 2 0 AFTER TAX RATE OF RETURN = I R R ( OVERALL BENEF I T , OVERALL COST)ENO OF MOOEL INPU T: NORECORD
89
MODEL THESI S READY TOR ED I NPUT: SOLVEMODEL THESI S VERSION OE ENTER SOLVE OPT IONS INPUT: ALL
BALANCE OF PLANT F I XED CBATTERY KW CAPACITYCONVERTER BASE COSTSALVACE RATEI NFLATI ON RATEDISCOUNT RATECONTINCENCY RATESALES TAXBATTERY KCONVERTER KBOP KINSURANCE RATE FEOERAL TAX RATE STATE TAX RATE ON PEAK DEMAND CHARCE OFF PEAK ENERCY CHARCE 0 ISCHARCE OURATI ON HRS BATTERY KWH CAPACITY NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES ANNUAL I NTERRUPTIBLE LOA BATTERY EFF 1C IENCY ROUNO TRIP CONVERTER EFF MAINTANNUAL OPERATINC AND MAI CYCLE L I F E OF 8ATTERY KW SHAVED OFF PEAK BATTERY MWH CAPACITY BATTERY DI RECT COST BATTERY OISCOUNT FACTOR BATTERY ACCOUNTING FACTO CONVERTER ACCOUNTING FAC BOP ACCOUNTING FACTOR BATTERY COST CONV COST BUILD INC FACTOR BUI LOI NC COST DC EQUIPMENT COST BOP COSTPLANT COST IN MILL IONS FNCI NEERI NC COST BATTERY ANO CONVERTER EF ANNUAL ENERCY LOST ANNUAL DEMANO SAVINC BEF STATE TAX FEDERAL TAXANNUAL OEMANO SAVING AFTSALVACC VALUEACRS PER PERIODCATECORYSTARTBATT ANO CONV COST BC DEPR COST BOP OEPRACRS BOPBOP CAI f CORYDEPRECI ATI ON TAX SAVI NCOVERALL COSTOVLRALL BENEFITNET P R t S f N T WORTHAl TER TAX RATE OF RE TURN
BALANCE OF PLANT F I XED C BAT I ERY KW CAPACI TY CONVERTER BASE COST SALVACE RATE I NT L A TI ON RATE OISCOUNT RATE
ANNUAL B A T T E R Y CY CL E S ANNUAL I N T E R R U P T I B L E LOA B A T T E R Y E E r I C I E N C Y ROUND T R I P CONV E RT E R EEE M A I N EANNUAL O P E R A T I N G AND MAI C Y C L E L I T E OE B A T T E R Y kw sh a v e o orr p e a kB A T T E R Y MWH C A P A C I T Y B A T T E R Y O I R E C T COST B A T T E R Y O I S C O U N T EACTOR B A T T E R Y A C C O U N T I N G FACTO CONV E RTE R A C C O U N T I N G r A C BOP A C C O U N T I N G FACTOR B A T T E R Y COST CONV COST B U I L D I N G FACT OR B U I L D I N C COST DC E Q U I P M E N T COST BOP COSTP L A N T COST I N M I L L I ONS E N C I N E E R I N C COST B A T T E R Y ANO CONV E RT E R EF ANNUAL E NE RCY L O S T ANNUAL OEMAND S A V I N C BEE S T A T E TAX FE OERAL TAXANNUAL OEMAND S A V I N C AFTSALV ACE V ALUEACRS PER P E R I O OCAT ECO RYS T ARTB A T T AND CONV COSTBC DEPR COS TBOP OEPRACR S BOPBOP CAT ECORYD E P R E C I A T I O N TAX S A V I N CO VE RA LL CO S TOV E RA L L B E N E F I TNE T P R E S E N T WORTHA F T E R TAX RATE OF RETURN
BALANCE OF P L ANT F I X E D CB A T T E R Y KW C A P A C I T YC O NV E RT E R BASE COSTS ALV ACE RATEI N F L A T I O N RATE
D I S C O U N T RATEC O N T I N C E N C Y RATES A L E S TAXB A T T E R Y KC O NV E RT E R KBOP KINSURANCE RATE TEDERAL TAX RATE STATE TAX RATE ON PEAK OEMAND CHARCE OFF PEAK ENERCY CHARCE 0 ISCHARCE DURATI ON HRS BATTERY KWH C A PA CI TY NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES ANNUAL I NT E RRU PT I BL E LOA BATTERY E F F I C I E N C Y ROUNO TRI P CONVERTER EFF MA I NTANNUAL OPERATI NG AND MAI CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY KW SHAVED OFF PEAK BATTERY MWH C A PA CI TY BATTERY DI RE CT COST BATTERY DI SCOUNT (ACTOR BATTERY ACCOUNTI NG EACTO CONVERTER ACCOUNTING FAC BOP ACCOUNTING FACTOR
BATTERY COST CONV COST B U I L O I N C TACTOR B U I L O I N C COST OC EQUIPMENT COST BOP COSTPLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S E NGI NE ERI NG COST BATTERY AND CONVERTER EF ANNUAL ENERGY LOST ANNUAL OEMAND SAVI NC BEF STATE TAX FEDERAL TAXANNUAL OEMAND SAVI NC AFTSALVACE VALUEACRS PER PERI OOCATECORYSTARTBATT AND CONV COSTBC DEPR COSTBOP DEPRACRS BOPBOP CATECORYD E PR ECI AT I O N TAX SAVI NCOVERALL COSTOVERALL BE NE FI TNET PRESENT WORTHAFTER TAX RATE OF RETURN
MODEL THESI S READY f OR E D I T . t AS T l I NE IS 1()?0 INPU t : L I S T 1MODEL THESI S VERSI ON OE 09/ 23/87 16: ??I I) COLUMNS 19 8 6 - 2 0 0 620 BALANCE Of PLANT F I XE D COST = 28600.030 BATTERY KW CA PA CI TY = 6 0 09 0 CONVERTER BASE COS T = 2 9 0 . 06 0 SALVACE RATE - . 116 0 I NEL ATI ON RATE - . 0 9 670 DI SCOUNT RATE - .088 0 CONTINGENCY RATE. - . 0690 SAl ES TAX - .066100 BAT TERY K - .81 10 CONVERTER K - .95120 BOP K = . 91 30 lNSURANCE RATE - 1 . 0 7190 FEDERAL TAX RATE = . 39 160 STATE TAX RATE = . 0 5160 ON PEAK OEMAND CHARCE = 1 3 . 5 9 . PREV I OUS* ( 1 ♦ I NELAT I ON RATE)170 OFF PEAK ENERCY CHARCE - . 0 1 2 6 5 . PREV I OU S* ( 1 ♦ I NFLATI ON RATE)180 DISCHARGE DURATI ON HRS - 1190 BATTERY KWH CA P A CI TY = 50 02 0 0 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN MW = . 5 02 1 0 SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST CURVE - - . 3 22 2 0 ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES - 1002 3 0 ANNUAL I NTE RRUPTI BL E LOAD SAVI NCS = 02 9 0 BATTERY E F F I C I E N C Y - . 82 5 0 ROUND TRIP CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y = . 9 2 * . 9 22 6 0 M A I N T = 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 5 1 0 0 , 5 9 0 0 . 1 5 3 0 0 . 2 5 0 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 , 3 6 0 0 . '2 70 5 1 0 0 . 5 9 0 0 . 15 3 0 0 , 2 5 0 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 5 1 0 0 . 5 9 0 0 . 1 5 3 0 02 8 0 ANNUAL OPERATI NG AND MAINTENENCE EXPENSE - ( BAT TERY KW C A P A C I T Y / '2 9 0 1 0 0 0 ) * MAI N T300 CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY - 2 0 0 0 310 KW SHAVEO OFF PEAK = 5 0 0320 BATTERY MWH CA PA CI TY = BATTERY KWH CAPAC I T Y / 1000330 BATTERY DI RECT COST - 21 1 / ( L O C 1 0 ( DI SCHARCE DURATION H R S ) * . 757 ) . 0 390 BATTERY DI SCOUNT FACTOR = 1 . 1 - . 1* L O C 1 0 ( BATTFRY MWH C A P A C I T Y ) . 0350 BATTERY ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR^) INSURANCE RA TE" ! 1 *BA T T E R Y K ’ ( SALES TAX) ) 360 ♦CONTINGENCY RATE)370 CONVERTER ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR-1 INSURANCE RATE# ( 1 »CONVERTER K• '380 ( SALES T A X ) ) +CONTINCENCY RATE)390 BOP ACCOUNTING FAC TOR = ( INSURANCE R A T E * ( 1 + B 0 P K’ (SALES T A X ) ) '9 0 0 ♦CONTINGENCY RATE)9 1 0 BATTERY COST = BATTERY OI RECT COST ’ BATTERY ACCOUNTING FACTOR'9 2 0 ’ BATTERY DI SCOUNT FA CT O R. 09 3 0 CONV COST - CONVERTER ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR* ( CONVERTER BASE C O S T * '9 9 0 XPOWERY( NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN MW. '9 6 0 SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST C U RV E) )9 6 0 B U I L D I N G FACTOR = BATTERY MWH CAPAC I TY / ( 1 . 3 2 * '9 7 0 L OG1 0 ( 0 1 SCHARCE DURATI ON HRS) + 1 ) . 09 8 0 B U I L D I N C COST - 1 2 7 * XPOWERY( B U I L 0 INC FACTOR, . 7 6 5 1 * 1 0 0 0 . 09 9 0 DC ( QUI PMENT COST = 1 7 . 3 ’ XPOWERY( BATTERY MWH CAPAC I T Y , . 9 9 1 ) • '5 0 0 XPOWERY(DISCHARCE DURATI ON MRS. - . 6 7 7 ) ’ 1 0 0 0 06 1 0 BOP COST BOP ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR * ( BALANCE OF PI ANT F I X E D C O S T + f 6 2 0 B U I L D I N C COST’ DC EQUI PMF nt C O S T ) . 06 3 0 PI ANT COST IN M I L L I O N S - ( BOP COST ♦ ( BATTERY COST'990 ’ BATTERY KWH CAPAC I T Y ) ♦ ( CONV C O S T * '9«,0 BATTERY KW CAPACI TY) ) / 11)00000,0660 E N C I N T f R I N C COST- IF PLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S . CL . 86 T I U N '6 70 ( 188’ XPOWFRY(PLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S . '580 PLANT COST IN MI L L I ONS/-86 7 ) ) • 1000 ELSE 161000,0590 BATTERY ANO CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y = BATTERY E F F I C I E N C Y * '500 ROUND TRIP CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y610 ANNUAL LNERCY LOST = CYCLE L I F E OF BA T TERY* BA 1TERY KWH CAPACI T Y * ( 1- 020 BATTERY ANO CONVERTER EM I C I E N C Y ) / '630 ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES690 ANNUAL OEMAND S A V I NC Bi FORE TAX KW SHAVED OFf P E A K * '650 ON PEAK OEMAND CHARCE* 1?660 STATE T A X - ( ANNUAL DEMAND SAVI NG BEFORE TAX'670 - ANNUAL OPERATI NG ANO MAI NTENENCE T X PEN SE- '680 (ANNUAL ENERCY L O S T ’ OEF PEAK ENERGY C H A R C E ) ) '6 9 0 ’ STATE TAX RATE700 EEDERAl TAX - (ANNUAL DEMAND SAVI NC BEFORE TAX- STATE TAX'7 1 0 -ANNUAL OPERATI NG AND MAINTENENCE E X P E N S E - '720 (ANNUAL ENERGY L O S T ’ OEF PEAK ENERCY C H A R G E ) ) '7 30 * f E Df RAL TAX RATE790 ANNUAI DEMAND S A VI NG AETER TAX ANNUAL DEMAND SAVI NC BEFORE T A X- ' 760 (STATE TAX ♦ EEDERAL TAX)77,0 SALVAGE VALUE SALVAGE R A T E * P R E V I OUS 20 BATTERY DI RECT COST • '
B A I 1 I H Y KWH CAPAC I I YACRS DE PR( CA1EG0HY. STAR I ,BC 01 PR COST, ACRS PER PERI OD)CATEGORY - 6START 1986B A I T AND CONV COST - BATTERY DI RECT COST ’ BATTERY KWH CA PA CI TY ♦ '
( (CONVERT! R BASE COST’ XPOWERY( 'NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN M V , 'SLOPE OT CONVLRTER COST C U R V E ) ) '• BATTERY KW C A P A C I TY )
BC Of PR COST - ( B A T T E R Y DI RECT COST*BATTERY KWH CA P A CI TY ’ ) ’I - SAL VACE RA T E) ) ♦ ( (CONVERTER BASE COST’ XPOWERY( ' NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN MW. 'SLOPE Of CONVERTER COST CURVE) ) *BATTERY KW CA P A CI TY )
BOP DEPR - BOP COST/ BOP ACCOUNTING fACTOR ACRS DE P R ( BOP CATECORY . S T A R T , BOP DEPR, ACRS BOP)BOP CATEGORY = 15DE P R E C I AT I O N TAX S A V I NG ^ ACRS PER PER I OO’ EEOERAL TAX K A T E * '
ACRS BOP’ EEDERAL TAX RATEOVERALL COST ̂ ( PLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S ’ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) ♦ E NCI NE ERI NC COST ♦ '
(ANNUAL ENERCY L O S T * 'OFF PEAK ENERCY C H AR CE ) ♦ ( ANNUAL OPERATI NG ANO MAINTENENCE EXPENSE) OVERALL BENEFI T = ANNUAL DEMANO SAVI NC AFTER TAX ♦ SALVACE VALUE ♦'
9 9 0 ANNUAL I NTERRUPTI BLE LOAD SAVI NCS ♦ '1000 D E P R E CI AT I O N TAX SAVI NG1010 NET PRESENT WORTH - NPVC(OVERALL BENEF I T . 0 I SCOUNT RA T E . OV E R A L L COST) 1020 AFTER TAX RATE OF RETURN = I RR( OVE RAL L BE NEE I T . OVERAEL COST)ENO Or MOOEL INPUT: NORECORD
95
MOM 1 I NPU I MODEL i n i r rINPUT
I Ml S I S K l AO Y I OR ( O i l , L AS I 1. I NE IS SOL VE
THESI S VERSI ON OE 0 9 / 2 3 / 8 7 16: 11SOLVE OPTI ONS
Al L
1020
- - 21 COLUMNS 6 2 VA RI A0 L 1 S
BALANCE OE PLANT F I X E D CBATTERY KW CAPACI TYCONVERTER BASE COSTSALVACE RATEINELA I I ON RATEDI SCOUNT RATECONTINGENCY RATESALES TAXHAT TERY KCONVERTER KBOP KINSURANCE RATE FEDERAL TAX RATE STATE TAX RATE ON PEAK DEMANO CHARCE OFF PEAK ENERCY CHARCE DISCHARCE DURATI ON HRS BATTERY KWH CAPACI TY NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN SLOPE OE CONVERTER COST ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES ANNUAL I NTERRUPTI BLE LOA BATTERY E E E I CI EN C Y ROUND TRIP CONVERTER EFf MAINEANNUAL OPERATI NG AND MAI CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY KW SHAVED OFF PEAK BATTERY MWH CAPACI TY BATTERY OI RECT COST BATTERY DI SCOUNT FACTOR BATTERY ACCOUNTI NG FACTO CONVERTER ACCOUNTI NG FAC BOP ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR BATTERY COST CONV COST B U I L O I N C FACTOR BUI LD INC COST DC EQUI PMENT COST BOP COSTPLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S ENCI NEERI NC COST BATTERY AND CONVERTER f F ANNUAL ENERCY LOST ANNUAL DEMAND SAVI NC BEF STATE TAX FEDERAL TAXANNUAL DEMANO SAVI NC ATTSAL VACE VAI UtACRS PI R PI R I 00CATECORYSTARTBATT ANO CONV COSTBC OEPR COSTHOP DEPRACRS BOPHOP CATl CORYDEPRECI AT I ON TAX SAVI NCOVERALL. COSTOVE RALL BE NE I I TNE T PRt St NT WOR THAl TER TAX RATE 01 HI TURN
BAI ANCE 01 PL ANT f I XED C BAT TERY KW CAPACI TY CONVERTER BASE COST SALVACE RATE I NFLAT ION RATE DI SCOUNT RATE
CONI I NCI NCY HA I !SALES TAX BATTERY K CONVERI r R K BOP KINSURANCE RATE EEDERAL T AX HATE STATE TAX RATE ON PEAK OEMAND CHARCE OFf PEAK ENERCY CHARCE 0 I SCHARCE DURATI ON HRS BATTERY KWH CAPACI TY NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES ANNUAL I NTERRUPTI BLE LOA BA I TERY EF F I C I ENC Y ROUND T R I P CONVERTER EFT MAINEANNUAL OPERATI NG AND MAI CYCLE l IFE OF BATTERY KW SHAVED OFF PEAK BATTERY MWH CAPACI TY BATTERY DI RECT COST BATTERY DI SCOUNT FACTOR BATTERY ACCOUNTING FACTO CONVERTER ACCOUNTING FAC BOP ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR BATTERY COST CONV COST B U I L D I N C FACTOk BU I L D I NG COST DC EQUIPMENT COST BOP COSTPLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S ENCI NEERI NC COST BATTERY AND CONVERTER EF ANNUAL ENERCY LOST ANNUAL DEMAND SAVI NC BEF STATE TAX FEDERAL TAXANNUAL DEMAND SAVI NC AFTSALVACE VALUEACRS PER PER I 0 0CATECORYSTARTBATT AND CONV COSTBC DEPR COSTBOP DEPRACRS BOPBOP CATECORYDEPRECI AT I ON TAX SAVI NGOVERAl L COSTOVERALL BE NE F I TNET PRESENT WORTHAFTER TAX KATE OF RETURN
BALANCE OF PLANT f I XED CBATTERY KW CAPACI TYCONVERTER BASE COSTSALVACE RATEINFl AT ION RATEOISCOUNT HA IECON! I NCENCY R A I fSALES TAXBATTERY KCONVERTER KBOP KINSURANCE HATE FEDERAL TAX RATE STATE TAX RATE ON PEAK DEMANO CHARCE OE F PEAK ENERCY CHARCE DISCHARCE DURATI ON HRS BATTERY KWH CAPACI TY NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST
ANNUAL B A T T E R Y CYCLES ANNUAL I N T E R R U P T I B L E L O A B A T T E R Y E F F I CI ENCY ROUNO T R I P CONVERTER E F F MAI NEANNUAL O P E R A T I N C ANO M A I CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY KW S H A V E D OFF PEAK B A T T E R Y M W H CAPACI TY B A T T E R Y D I RECT COST B A T T E R Y D I S C O U N T FACTOR B A T T E R Y A C C O U N T I NG F A C T O C O N V E R T E R ACCOUNTI NG F A C BOP A C C O U N T I N G FACTOR B A T T E R Y C O S T CONV C O S T B U I L D I N G FACTOR B U I L O I N G COST OC E Q U I P M E N T COST BOP C O S TPLANT C O S T IN M I L L I O N S ENCI N E E R I N C COST B A T T E R Y A N O CONVERTER EF ANNUAL E N E R C Y LOST ANNUAL D E M A N O SAVI NG B E F STATE T A X F E D E R A L t a xANNUAL D E M A N O SAVI NC A F T S A L V A G E v a l u e ACRS P E R P E R 100 C A T E C O R Ys t a r tBATT A N O CONV COSTBC D E P R C O S TBOP O E P RACRS B O PBOP C A T E G O R YD E P R E C I A T I O N TAX S A V I N GO V E R A L L C O S TO V E R A L L B E N E F I TNET P R E S E N T WORTHAFTER T A X RATE OF RE T U R N
B A L A N C E O F PLANT F I X E D CBATTERY KW CAPACITYCO NV E R T E R BASE COSTS A L V A C E R A T EI N F L A T I O N RATEO I S C O U N T RATECONT I N C E N C Y RATESALES T A XBATTERY KCO NV E R T E R KBOP KI N S U R A N C E RATE FEDERAL T AX RATE STATE T A X RATE ON P E AK OEMAND CHARCE OFF P E A K ENERCY CHARCE D I S C H A R G E DURATION HRS BATTERY KWH CAPACITY NOMI NAL OUTPUT POWER i n SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST ANNUAL BA T T E R Y CYCLES ANNUAL I NTERRUPTI BLE LOA BAT T E R Y E F F ICIENCY ROUNO T R I P CONVERTER EFF MAI NTANNUAL OPERATI NC ANO MAI CYCLE L I F E OF BAT1LRY KW S H A V E D OFF PEAK BA TTE RY MWH CAPACITY RAT TC R Y O I RECT COST BATTERY DISCOUNT FACTOR B A T T E RY ACCOUNTING FACTO C O N V E R T E R ACCOUNTING F AC BOP A C C O U N T I N G FACTOR
(3A [ TERY COST CONV COST UU I LOI NC EACTOR B U I L D I N C COST DC EQUIPMENT COST BOP COSTPLANT COST IN M I L L IONS E NGI NE ERI NG COST BATTERY AND CONVERTER EE ANNUAL ENERCY LOST ANNUAL DEMAND SAVI NC BEE STATE TAX E E OERAL TAXANNUAL DEMANO SAVI NC ATTSALVACE VALUEACRS PER PERI OOCATECORYSTARTBATT ANO CONV COSTBC DEPR COSTBOP DEPRACRS BOPBOP CATECORYDE PR E C I AT I O N TAX SAVI NCOVERALL COSTOVERALL BE NE F I TNET PRESENT WORTHAFTER TAX RATE OF RETURN
MOOEL T HESI S READY TOR E D I T . LAST L I N E IS 10?0 I NPUT: L I S T 1MOOEL THESI S VERSI ON OE 0 9 / 2 3 / 8 7 1 6 : 3 310 COLUMNS 1 9 8 6 - 2 0 0 62 0 BALANCE OF PLANT F I X E D COST r 2 8 6 0 0 . 0 30 BATTERY KW CAPACI TY = 1000 9 0 CONVERTER BASE COST= 2 9 0 , 0 80 SALVACE RATE = . 116 0 I NFLATI ON RATE = . 0 9 8 . 0 , 0 , 0 . 0 . 0 . . 0 9 870 DISCOUNT RATE - . 0 88 0 CONTINGENCY RATE = . 0 89 0 SALES TAX - 0 8 8100 BATTERY K - . 81 10 CONVERTER K = . 98120 BOP K = . 9130 INSURANCE RATE = 1 . 0 7190 FEDERAL. TAX RATE = . 3 9180 STATE TAX RATE = . 0 8160 ON PEAK DEMAND CHARCE - I 0 . 8 8 . P R E V I O U S * ( 1 ♦ I NF L A TI ON RATE)170 OFF PEAK ENERCY CHARCE = . 0 2 8 2 0 , PREV I OUS* ( 1 *1 NFLATI ON RATE)180 DISCHARCE DURATI ON HRS = 9190 BATTERY KWH CAPACI TY = 3 00 02 0 0 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN MW - 1 . 02 1 0 SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST CURVE = - . 3 22 2 0 ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES = 1002 3 0 ANNUAL I NTERRUPTI BLE LOAO S AVI NCS - 02 9 0 BATTERY E F F I C I E N C Y = . 82 8 0 ROUNO TRIP CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y = . 9 2 * . 9 22 6 0 M A I N T = 1 7 0 0 , 3 6 0 0 , 3 6 0 0 . 8 1 0 0 . 8 9 0 0 . 1 8 3 0 0 . 2 8 0 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . '2 7 0 8 1 0 0 . 8 9 0 0 . 1 8 3 0 0 . 2 8 0 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 , 3 6 0 0 . 8 1 0 0 . 8 9 0 0 . 1 8 30 02 8 0 ANNUAL OPERATI NC ANO MAI NTENENCE EXPENSE - ( BAT TERY KW C A P A C I T Y / ’2 9 0 1 0 0 0 ) * MA I N T300 CYCLE L I F E OF BATTERY = 2 0 0 0 3 1 0 KW SHAVED OFF PEAK = 1000320 BATTERY MWH CAPACI TY = BATTERY KWH C A P A C I T Y / 100033 0 BATTERY D I RE CT COST - 2 1 1 / ( L O C 1 0 ( 0 ISCHARCE DURATI ON H R S ) * . 787 ) 0 390 BATTERY OI SCOUNT FACTOR = 1 . 1 - . 1 * L O C 1 0 ( BATTERY MWH C A P A C I TY J . O38 0 BATTERY ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR= ( I NSURANCE RATE* ( 1 * 8 AT T E R Y K * ( S A L E S T A X ) ) ' 360 - CONTI NGENCY RATE)3 7 0 CONVERTER ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR=( I NSURANCE RATE* ( 1 - CONVERTER K * '3 8 0 ( SAL ES T A X ) ) - CONTI NCENCY RATE)3 9 0 BOP ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR= ( INSURANCE R A T E - ( 1 - B O P K * ( S A L E S T A X ) ) '9 0 0 ♦CONTI NGENCY RATE)9 1 0 BATTERY COST = BATTERY DI RECT COST - BATTERY ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR'9 2 0 - BATTERY OI SCOUNT FA C T O R . 09 3 0 CONV COST - CONVERTER ACCOUNTI NG FAC TOR- ( CONVERTER BASE CO S T * '9 9 0 XPOWERY( NOMI NAL OUTPUT POWER IN M W . ’9 8 0 SLOPE OF CONVERTER COST CURVE) )9 6 0 B U I L D I N C f ACTOR = BATTERY MWH C A P A C I T Y / ( 1 . 3 2 * '9 7 0 L O C 1 0 ( 0 ISCHARCE DURATI ON H R S ) - 1 ) , 09 8 0 B U I L D I N G COST - 12 7 -XPOWERY ( B U I L D I N C FAC TOR, . 7 6 8 ) * TOOC. 09 9 0 DC EQUI PMENT COST r 1 7 . 3-XPOWERY ( BATTERY MWH CAPAC I TY . .’ 99 I ) * '8 0 0 XPOWERYf DI SCHARCE DURATI ON H R S . - . 6 7 7 ) • 1000 08 1 0 BOP COST = BOP ACCOUNTING FAC TOR• ( BALANCE OF PLANT F I XE D C O S T * '8 2 0 B U I L D I N G COST-DC EQUI PMENT C O S T J . U8 3 0 PLANT COST I N M I L L I O N S - ( B OP COST - ( B AT T E R Y COST '8 9 0 - BA T T E R Y KWH CAPAC I T Y ) ♦ ( CONV C O S T * '8 8 0 BATTERY KW CAPAC I T Y ) ) / 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 08 6 0 ENGI NEERI NG C O S T ^ I f PLANT COST I N M I L L I O N S . G E . . 8 6 THEN'8 7 0 ( 1 8 8 - X P 0 WE R Y ( P L A N T COST IN M I L L I O N S , '8 8 0 P L ANT COST I N M I L L I O N S / - 8 8 7 ) ) * 1000 ELSE 1 6 1 0 0 0 . 08 9 0 BATTERY AND CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y = 8ATTERY E F F I C I E N C Y - '6 0 0 ROUNO TRI P CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y6 1 0 ANNUAL ENERCY LOST = CYCLE L I F E OF BA T TERY- BATTERY KWH CAPAC I T Y - ( 1 - ' 6 2 0 BATTERY ANO CONVERTER E F F I C I E N C Y ) / '6 3 0 ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES6 9 0 ANNUAL DEMANO SAVI NG BEFORE TAX - KW SHAVED OFF P E A K * '6 8 0 ON PEAK DEMAND C H A R C E * 126 6 0 STATE TAX (ANNUAL DEMANO SA V I NC BEFORE TAX'
- ANNUAL OPERATI NC ANO MAI NTENENCE E X P E N S E - '(ANNUAL ENERGY LOST- OF F PEAK ENERCY C H A R C E ) ) '• STATE TAX RATE
- (ANNUAL DEMANO S A V I N C BEFORE TAX- STATE T A X '- ANNUAL OPERATI NC AND MAI NTENENCE E X P E N S E - '(ANNUAL ENERCY LOST- OF F PEAK ENERGY C H A R G E ) ) '• EEDERAl TAX RATE
790 ANNUAL DEMANO SAVI NC AFTER TAX ANNUAL DEMAND SA VI NC BEFORE T A X - ’ 780 ( STATE TAX ♦ FEDERAL TAX)760 SALVACE VALUE - SAI VACE RA T E - PR E V I O U S 20 BATTERY DI RECT COST • '
67 06 8 06 9 0700 FEDERAL TAX710720730
770 BATTERY KWH CAPACI TY780 ACRS OEPR( CATEGORY. START. BC OEPR COST.ACRS PER PERI OD)790 CATECORY = 8 800 START - 1986810 BATT ANO CONV COST - BATTERY DI RECT COST ‘ BATTERY KWH CAPACI 1Y ♦ '820 ( (CONVERTER BASE COST‘ XPOWERY( '830 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER I N MW. '890 SLOPE OE CONVERTER COST C U R V E ) ) '880 ‘ BATTERY KW CAPACI TY)860 BC DEPR COST - ( BATT ERY DI RECT COS T‘ BAT TERY KWH C A P A C I T Y * ! '870 1-SALVACE R A I E ) ) ♦ ( (CONVERTER BASE COST‘ XPOWI R Y ( '88 0 NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN MW. '890 SLOPE Of CONVERTER COST CURVE) ) * BA 1 TERY KW C A P A C I TY )900 BOP DEPR = BOP COST/BOP ACCOUNTING FACTOR91 0 ACRS OEPR( BOP CATECORY. S T A R T . BOP DEPR.ACRS BOP)920 BOP CATECORY = 18930 DE PR E C I AT I O N TAX SAVI NC^ ACRS PER PER 1 0 0 ‘ FEOERAL TAX R A T E * '990 ACRS BOP*F EDERAL TAX RATE980 OVERALL COST= ( PLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S * 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) ♦ ENCI NEERI NC COST ♦ ' 9 6 0 (ANNUAL ENERCY L O S T * '970 OFF PEAK ENERCY CHARCE) ♦ ( ANNUAL OPERATI NC AND MAINTENENCE EXPENSE)9 8 0 OVERALL BENEFI T = ANNUAL DEMANO SAVI NC AFTER TAX ♦ SALVACE VALUE ♦ ' 990 ANNUAL I NTERRUPTI BLE LOAD SAVI NCS ♦ '1000 DE PRECI AT I ON TAX SAVI NC1010 NET PRESENT WORTH = NPVC( OVERALL B E N E F I T . D I SCOUNT RATE. OVERALL COST) 1020 AFTER TAX RATE OF RETURN - I R R ( OVERALL BENEF I T . OVERALL COST)END OF MOOFL INPUT; NORtCORD
MODEL THESI S REAOY FOR ED I T . LAST L I NE IS 10201 N P U l :: SOLVEMOOEL THESI S VERSI ON Of 0 9 / 2 3 / 8 7 16:: 6 7 - - 2 1ENTER SOLVE OP TIONSI NPUT: : ALL
COLUMNS 62 V A R I AB L L S
BALANCE Of PLANT F I X E D CBAT I f RY KW CAPACI TYCONVERTER BASE COSTSALVACC RATEI NE L A T I ON RATEDI SCOUNT RATECONTI NCENCY RATESALES TAXBATTERY KCONVERTER KBOP KINSURANCE RATE FEDERAL TAX RATE STATE TAX RATE ON PEAK DEMANO CHARCE O f f PEAK ENERCY CHARCE 0 1 SCHARCE DURATI ON HRS BATTERY KWH CAPACI TY NOMINAL OUTPUT POWER IN SLOPE OE CONVERTER COST ANNUAL BATTERY CYCLES ANNUAL I NTERRUPTI BL E LOA BATTERY E E E I C I E N C Y ROUND T R I P CONVERTER EEE M A I N !ANNUAL OPERATI NC ANO MAI CYCLE L I F E OE BATTERY KW SHAVED OFF PEAK BATTERY MWH CAPACI TY BATTERY D I RE CT COST BATTERY OI SCOUNT FACTOR BATTERY ACCOUNTI NG FACTO CONVERTER ACCOUNTI NG FAC BOP ACCOUNTI NG FACTOR BATTERY COST CONV COST B U I L D I N C FACTOR B U I L O I N C COST DC EQUI PMENT COST BOP COSTPLANT COST IN M I L L I O N S E N C I NE E R I NC COST BATTERY ANO CONVERTER EE ANNUAL ENERCY LOST ANNUAL OEMANO SAVI NC RTF STATE TAX FEDERAL TAXANNUAL DEMANO SAVI NC Af TSAl VACE VAl UEACRS PER PERI ODCA T ECOR YSTARTBATT AND CONV COSTBC OEPR COSTBOP DEPRACRS BOPBOP CATEGORYD E P R E C I AT I O N TAX SAVI NGOVERALL COSTOVE RALL BE NEE I TNE T PRESENT WOR TMAE TER TAX RATE Of RETURN
BALANCE OF PLANT f I XE D C BA T TE Ry KW CAPACI TY CONVERTER BASE COST SALVACE RATE I NE l A I I ON RATE DI SCOUN1 RATE
A N N U A I H A I 11 H Y C Y C l I S A N N U A I I N K R K U P I I 111 I I OA H A I I ! H Y I I I I C M N C Y H O U N D I K I P C O N V I H I I K ( I I MA I N 1A N N U A I 01*1 H A I I N C A NO M A IC Y C l I I I I I Ol H A I I I H YKW S I I A V I O Ol I H I AKHA I I I H Y MWH C A C A O I I YH A I I I H Y 0 1 H I C l C O S IH A I I I H Y O I S C O U N t I AC I OHH A I I I K Y A C C O U N I I N G 1 A C I 0C O N V I H I I K A C C O U N I I N C I ACH O C A C C O U N T I N G I A C T OHHAT I I K Y C O S TC O N V C O S TH U H 0 1 N C T A C T OHH U H 0 I N C C O S TOC I Q U I H M F N T C O S IHOC C O S TP I ANT C O S T I N M I L L I O N Sf N C I N C C R I N C C O S TB A T T l R Y A N D C O N V E R T E R £ fA N N U A L E N E R C Y L O S TA N N U A L D E M A N D S A V I N C BEES T A T E T A Xf E O E R A L T A XA N N U A L O E M A N O S A V I N C A F TS A L V A C E V A L U EA C R S P E R P E R I O OC A T E C O R YS T A R TB A T T A N D C O N V C O S TBC O E P R C O S TBO P O E P RA C R S B O PBO P C A T E C O R YD E P R E C I A T I O N T A X S A V I N CO V E R A L L C O S TO V E R A L L B E N E F I TN E T P R E S E N T W O R T HA F T E R T A X R A T E OF R E T U R N
B A L A N C E OF P L A N T F I X E O CB A T T E R Y KW C A P A C I T YC O N V E R T E R B A S E C O S TS A L V A C E R A T EI N F L A T I O N R A T E
O I S C O U N T R A T EC O N T I N G E N C Y R A T ES A L E S t a x
B A T T E R Y KC O N V E R T E R KBOP KI N S U R A N C E R A T E F E D E R A L T A X R A T E S T A T E T A X R A T E ON P E A K D E M A N O C H A R C E O F F P E A K E N E R C Y C H A R C E D 1S C H A R C E D U R A T I O N H R S B A T T E R Y KWH C A P A C I T Y N O M I N A L O U T P U T PO W E R I N S L O P E OF C O N V E R T E R C O S T A N N U A L B A T T E R Y C Y C L E S A N N U A L I N T E R R U P T I B L E L O A B A T T E R Y E F F I C I E N C Y R O U N D T R I P C O N V E R T E R E F F M A I NTA N N U A L O P E R A T I N C A NO M A I C Y C L E L I F E OF B A T T E R Y KW S H A V E D O F F P E A K B A T T E R Y MWH C A P A C I T Y B A T T E R Y O I R E C T C O S T B A T T E R Y D I S C O U N T F A C T O R B A T T E R Y A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O C O N V E R T E R A C C O U N T I N G F A C BO P A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O R
t o i l 1(10 10(10 (1 I I. B O O K . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0. 8*46*4 . 8*16*4 . 8*16*4I S 3 0 0 2 S O O 1 7 0 0I S 3 0 0 2 5 0 1 1 1 7 0 0
2 0 0 0 2000 2000I O O O IO O O IO O O
3 3 3o 0 Oo 0 O
1 . I F . / l . l F) / 1 . 1 6 /1 . 1 /F. 1.1 /F. 1. 1 / 01 . I N N 1 . 1*4*4 1 1*4*40 0 o0 O oO 0 oO 0 o0 o 00 0 00 0 00 0 0
B A T T E R Y C O S T C O N V CO ST B U I L D I N C F A C T O R B U I L D I N C C O S T OC E Q U I P M E N T C O S T B O P C O S TP L A N T C O S T I N M I L L I O N S E N G I N E E R I N G C O S T B A T T E R Y A N O C O N V E R T E R EF A N N U A L E N E R G Y L O S T A N N U A L D E M A N O S A V I N G BEE S T A T E TAX F E O E R A L T A XA N N U A L D E M A N O S A V I N C A F TS A L V A C E V A L U EA C R S PE R P E R I O OC A T E C O R YS T A R TB A T T AND C O N V C O S TB C O E P R C O S TB O P O EP RA C R S BOPB O P C A T E C O R YD E P R E C I A T I O N TAX S A V I N CO V E R A L L C O S TO V E R A L L B E N E F I TN E T P R E S E N T WOR THA F T E R T A X R A T E OF R E T U R N
E N T E R S O L V E O P T I O N S I N P U T : N O R E C O R O
105
APPENDIX H
MODEL AND OUTPUT FOR CASE NUMBER FOUR
M O D E L T H E S I S R E A D Y F O R E D I T , L A S T L I N E I S 1 0 2 0
I N P U T : L I S T 1M O D E L T H E S I S V E R S I O N OF 0 9 / 2 3 / 8 7 1 7 : 0 61 0 COLUMNS 1 9 8 6 - 2 0 0 62 0 B A L A N C E OF P L A N T F I X E D C O S T - 2 8 6 0 0 , 0 3 0 B A T T E R Y KW C A P A C I T Y = 1 0 0 0U O C O N V E R T E R B A S E C 0 S T = 2 6 0 , 0 S O S A L V A C E R A T E - . 1 16 0 I NF L A T I ON RATE = . 0 6 5 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , . 0 6 57 0 DI SCOUNT RATC = . 0 88 0 C O N T I N G E N C Y R A T E = . 0 59 0 S A L E S T A X = . 0 5 51 0 0 B A T T E R Y K = . 81 1 0 C O N V E R T E R K = . 9 51 2 0 B O P K = . 61 3 0 I N S U R A N C E R A T E = 1 . 0 71 6 0 F E D E R A L T A X R A T E = . 3 61 5 0 S T A T E T A X R A T E = . 0 5 „1 6 0 ON P E A K D E M A N O C H A R C E = 1 0 . 5 8 . P R E V I O U S * ( 1 ♦ I N F L A T I O N R A T E )1 7 0 O F F P E A K E N E R C Y C H A R C E = . 0 2 8 2 0 . P R E V I O U S - ( 1 ♦ I N F L A T I ON R A T E )1 8 0 D I S C H A R C E OURA T I O N H R S = 11 9 0 BATTERY KWH C A P A C I T Y = 5 0 02 0 0 N O M I N A L O U T P U T P O W E R I N MW = 1 . 02 1 0 S L O P E OF C O N V E R T E R C O S T C U R V E = - . 3 22 2 0 A N N U A L . B A T T E R Y C Y C L E S = 1 0 02 3 0 A N N U A L I N T E R R U P T I B L E L O A D S A V I N C S = 02 6 0 B A T T E R Y E F F I C I E N C Y = . 82 5 0 R O U N D T R I P C O N V E R T E R E F F I C I E N C Y = . 9 2 * . 9 22 6 0 MA I N T = 1 7 0 0 , 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 , 5 1 0 0 , 5 9 0 0 . 1 5 3 0 0 . 2 5 0 0 , 1 7 0 0 . 3 6 0 0 . 3 6 0 02 7 0 5 1 0 0 . 5 9 0 0 , 1 5 3 0 0 , 2 5 0 0 , 1 7 0 0 , 3 6 0 0 , 3 6 0 0 . 5 1 0 0 , 5 9 0 0 , 1 5 3 0 02 8 0 A N N U A L O P E R A T I N C A N O M A I N T E N E N C E E X P E N S E = ( B A T T E R Y KW C A P A C I T Y /2 < j Q 1 0 0 0 ) * M A I N T
3 0 0 C Y C L E L I F E OF B A T T E R Y = 2 0 0 0J 1 0 KW S H A V E D O F F P E A K = 1 0 0 0 ,3 2 0 BATTERY MWH C A P A C I T Y * B A T T E R Y KW H C A P A C I T Y / 1 0 0 0_> 3 0 B A T T E R Y D I R E C T C O S T = 2 1 1 / ( L O C 1 0 ( D I S C H A R C E O U R A T I O N H R S ) * 7 5 7 . 03 6 0 B A T T E R Y D I S C O U N T F A C T O R = 1 . 1 - . 1 " L O C 1 0 ( B A T T E R Y MWH C A P A C t T Y ) 0 3 5 0 B A T T E R Y A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O R = ( I N S U R A N C E R A T E * ( 1 ♦ B A T T E R Y K - ( S A L E S T A X ) ) 3 (S 0 ♦ C O N T I N G E N C Y R A T E )3 7 0 C O N V E R T E R A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O R = ( I N S U R A N C E R A T E “ ( 1 ♦ C O N V E R T E R K *3 8 0 ( S A L E S T A X ) ) * C O N T I N G E N C Y R A T E )3 9 0 B O P A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O R = ( I N S U R A N C E R A T £ - ( 1 » B 0 P K * ( S A L E S T A X ) ) '( . 0 0 ♦ C O N T I N G E N C Y R A T E )6 1 0 B A T T E R Y C O S T = B A T T E R Y O I R E C T C O S T “ B A T T E R Y A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O R ( 4 ? 0 “ B A T T E R Y O I S C O U N T F A C T O R , 06 3 0 C O N V C O S T = C O N V E R T E R A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O R - ( C O N V E R T E R B A S E C O S T - (4(40 XPOWER Y ( N O M I N A L O U T P U T P O W E R I N M W ,U 5 0 S L O P E OF C O N V E R T E R C O S T C U R V E ) )6 6 0 B U I L O I N C F A C T O R = B A T T E R Y MWH C A P A C I T Y / { 1 . 3 2 *(47 0 L 0 G 1 0 ( D I S C H A R C E O U R A T I O N H R S ) - 1 ) , 0(4 « 0 B U I L D I N C C O S T = 1 2 7 - X P O W E R Y < B U I L O I N C F A C T O R , . 7 6 5 ) * 1 0 0 0 . 06 9 0 OC E Q U I P M E N T C O S T = 1 7 . 3 * X P 0 W E R Y ( B A T T E R Y MWH C A P A C I T Y , . 9 6 1 ) -5 0 0 L U U ' r n L " X P O W E R Y ( 0 I S C H A R C E D U R A T I O N H R S . - . 6 7 7 ) - 1 0 0 0 05 1 0 B O P C O S T = B O P A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O R - ( B A L A N C E OF P L A N T F I X E D C O S T -5 2 0 B U I L O I N C C O S T + O C E Q U I P M E N T C 0 S T ) , 05 3 0 P L A N T C O S T IN M I L L I O N S = ( B 0 P C O S T - ( B A T T E R Y C O S Ts u o - B A T T E R Y KWH C A P A C I T Y ) ♦ ( C O N V C O S T -5 5 0 B A T T E R Y KW C A P A C I T Y ) J / 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 05 6 0 E N C I N E E R I N C C 0 S T = I F P L A N T C O S T I N M I L L I O N S . C E . . 8 6 T H E N 's 7 f ) ( 188 " XPOWERY( P L A N T C O S T I N M I L L I O N S ,5 8 0 P L A N T C O S T I N M i L L I O N S / - 8 5 7 ) ) * 1 0 0 0 E L S E 1 6 1 0 0 0 , 06 9 0 B A T T E R Y AND C O N V E R T E R E F F I C I E N C Y = B A T T E R Y E F F I C I E N C Y - '6 9 0 u a i i l k y a * u R O U n o T R | p C C N V t R T E R E F r I C I E N C Y
6 1 0 A N N U A L E N E R C Y L O S T = C Y C L E L I F E O F B A T T E R Y - B A T T E R Y KWH C A P A C I T Y * ( 1 - 6 2 0 B A T T E R Y ANO C O N V E R T E R E F F I C I E N C Y ) /6 3 0 A N N U A L B A T T E R Y C Y C L E S6 6 0 ANNUAL DEMAND SAVINC B E F O R E TAX = KW S H A V E D O F F P E A K -6 ^ 0 ON P E A K D E M A N O C H A R C E - 1 2
6 6 0 S T A T E T A X - ( A N N U A L O E M A N D S A V I N C B E F O R E T A X '6 7 0 - A N N U A I O P E R A T I N C A N O M A I N T E N E N C E E X P E N S E -6 a o ( A N N U A L E N E R C Y L O S T - O F F P E A K E N E R C Y C H A R C E ) )6 9 0 - S T A T E T A X R A T E7 0 0 F E D E R A L T A X = ( A N N U A L D E M A N D S A V I N C B E F O R E T A X - S T A T E T A X
- A N N U A L O P E R A T I N C A N O M A I N T E N E N C E E X P E N S E - ( A N N U A L E N E R C Y L O S T * O F F P E A K E N E R C Y C H A R C E ) ) • F E D E R A L T A X R A T E
7 1 0 7 2 0 7 3 07 l Q I fc. LJ L FA ML 1 r v ' "' -a I 4.7 6 0 A N N U A L D E M A N D S A V I N C A F T E R T A X = A N N U A L O E M A N D S A V I N C B E F O R E
U ( S T A T E T A X ♦ F E D E R A L T A X )TAX- '
7 6 0 S A L V A C E V A L U E = S A L V A C E R A T E • P R E V I O U S 2 0 B A T T E R Y D I R E C T C O S T -
106
7 7 0 B A T T E R Y KW H C A P A C I T Y7 8 0 A C R S D E P R ( C A T E C 0 R Y . S T A R T , B C D E P R C O S T , A C R S P E R P E R I O D )7 9 0 CATECORY = 5 8 0 0 START = 1 9 8 68 1 0 BAI T AND CONV COST = BATTERY D I RE C T COST “ BATTERY KWH CA P A C I TY ♦ '8 2 0 ( ( C O N V E R T E R B A S E C O S T “ X P O W E R Y ( ’8 3 0 N O M I N A L O U T P U T P O W E R I N M W , ’8 9 0 S L O P E OF C O N V E R T E R C O S T C U R V E ) ) '8 5 0 “ B A T T E R Y KW C A P A C I T Y )8 6 0 B C O E P R C O S T = ( B A T T E R Y O I R E C T C O S T “ B A T T E R Y KWH C A P A C I T Y “ ( '8 7 0 1 - S A L V A C E R A T E ) ) ♦ ( ( C O N V E R T E R B A S E C O S T “ X P O W E R Y ( '8 8 0 N O M I N A L O U T P U T P O W E R I N M W , '8 9 0 SLOPE OE CONVERTER COST CU RV E ) ) “ BATTERY KW CA P A CI TY )9 0 0 B O P O E P R = B O P C O S T / B O P A C C O U N T I N G T A C T O R9 1 0 A C R S O E P R ( B O P C A T E C O R Y , S T A R T , B O P O E P R , A C R S B O P )9 2 0 B O P C A T E C O R Y = 159 3 0 D E P R E C I A T I O N T A X S A V I N C = A C R S P E R P E R 1 0 0 “ E E O E R A L T A X R A T E - * - '9 9 0 A C R S B O P T E O E R A L T A X R A T E9 5 0 O V E R A L L C O S T = ( P L A N T C O S T I N M I L L I O N S “ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) ♦ E N G I N E E R I N G C O S T ♦ ' 9 6 0 ( A N N U A L E N E R C Y L O S T * '9 7 0 O F F P E A K E N E R C Y C H A R C E ) ♦ ( A N N U A L O P E R A T I N C A N D M A I N T E N E N C E E X P E N S E )9 8 0 O V E R A L L B E N E F I T = A N N U A L D E M A N O S A V I N C A F T E R T A X ♦ S A L V A C E V A L U E ♦ ' 9 9 0 A N N U A L I N T E R R U P T I S L E L O A D S A V I N C S ♦ '1 0 0 0 D E P R E C I A T I O N T A X S A V I N C1 0 1 0 N E T P R E S E N T W O R T H = N P V C ( O V E R A L L B E N E F I T , 0 1 S C O U N T R A T E O V E R A L L C O S T ) 1 0 2 0 A F T E R T A X R A T E OF R E T U R N = I R R ( O V E R A L L B E N E F I T . O V E R A L L C O S T )
E N O OF M O O E L I N P U T : N O R E C O R O
107
M O O E L T H E S I S R E A D Y F O R E D I T . L A S T L I N E I S 1 0 2 0 I N P U T : S O L V E
MO O EL T H E S I S V E R S I O N OF 0 9 / 2 3 / 8 7 1 7 : 0 2 - - 2 1 C O L U M N S 6 2 V A R I A B L E SE N T E R S O L V E O P T I O N S I N P U T : A L L
1 9 8 6 1 9 8 7 1 9 8 8 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1
B A L A N C E OF P L A N T F I X E D C 2 8 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B A T T E R Y KW C A P A C 1 TY 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 I O O OC O N V E R T E R B A S E C O S T 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 0S A L V A C E R A T E . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 IO O . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0I N F L A T I O N R A T E . 0 9 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
O I S C O U N T R A T E . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0C O N T I N G E N C Y R A T E . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0S A L E S T A X . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0B A T T E R Y K . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0C O N V E R T E R K . 9 5 0 0 . 9 5 0 0 . 9 5 0 0 . 9 5 0 0 . 9 5 0 0 . 9 5 0 0BO P K . 6 0 0 0 . U O O O . U O O O . 9 0 0 0 . 9 0 0 0 . 9 0 0 0I N S U R A N C E R A T E 1 . 0 7 0 1 . 0 7 0 1 . 0 7 0 1 . 0 7 0 1 . 0 7 0 1 . 0 7 0
F E D E R A L T A X R A T E . 3 9 0 0 . 3 * 4 0 0 . 3 U 0 0 . 3 9 0 0 . 3 9 0 0 . 3 9 0 0S T A T E T A X R A T E . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0ON P E A K D E M A N O C H A R C E 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 5 8O F F P E A K E N E R C Y C H A R C E . 0 2 8 2 . 0 2 8 2 . 0 2 8 2 . 0 2 8 2 . 0 2 8 2 . 0 2 8 20 1 S C H A R C E D U R A T I O N H R S 1 1 1 1 1 1B A T T E R Y KWH C A P A C I T Y 5 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0N O M I N A L O U T P U T PO W ER I N 1 1 1 1 1 1S L O P E OF C O N V E R T E R C O S T - . 3 2 0 0 - . 3 2 0 0 - . 3 2 0 0 - . 3 2 0 0 - . 3 2 0 0 - . 3 2 0 0A N N U A L B A T T E R Y C Y C L E S 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 I O O 1 0 0A N N U A L I N T E R R U P T I B L E L O A 0 0 0 0 0 0B A T T E R Y E F F I C I E N C Y . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0R O U N D T R I P C O N V E R T E R E F F . 8 9 6 9 .8 * 4 6 *4 . 8*46*4 . 8 9 6 9 . 8 9 6 9 . 8 9 6 9M A I N T 1 7 0 0 3 6 0 0 3 6 0 0 5 1 0 0 5 9 0 0 1 5 3 0 0A N N U A L O P E R A T I N C ANO M A I 1 7 0 0 3 6 0 0 3 6 0 0 5 1 0 0 5 9 0 0 1 5 3 0 0C Y C L E L I F E OF B A T T E R Y 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0KW S H A V E D O F F P E A K 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0B A T T E R Y MWH C A P A C I T Y . 5 0 0 0 . 5 0 0 0 . 5 0 0 0 . 5 0 0 0 . 5 0 0 0 . 5 0 0 0B A T T E R Y D I R E C T C O S T 2 7 8 . 7 0 0 0 0 0B A T T E R Y D I S C O U N T F A C T O R 1 . 1 3 0 0 0 • 0 0 0B A T T E R Y A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O 1 . 1 6 7 1 . 1 6 7 1 . 1 6 7 1 . 1 6 7 1 . 1 6 7 1 . 1 6 7C O N V E R T E R A C C O U N T I N G F A C 1 . 1 7 6 1 . 1 7 6 1 . 1 7 6 1 . 1 7 6 1 . 1 7 6 1 . 1 7 6BO P A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O R 1 . 1 9 9 1 . 1 *4*4 1 . 1 *4 *4 1 . 1 9 9 1 . 1 9 9 1 . 1 9 9B A T T E R Y C O S T 3 6 7 . 6 0 0 0 0 0C O N V C O S T 2 8 2 . 2 0 0 0 0 0B U I L D I N C F A C T O R . 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B U 1L O 1 N C C O S T 7*4 7 3*4 0 0 0 0 0OC E Q U I P M E N T C O S T 9 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0BOP C O S T 1 2 8 * 4 7 1 0 0 0 0 0P L A N T C O S T I N M I L L I O N S . 5 9 * 4 5 0 0 0 0 0E N G I N E E R I N G C O S T 1 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0B A T T E R Y A N D C O N V E R T E R E F . 6 7 7 * . 6 7 7 1 . 6 7 7 1 . 6 7 7 1 . 6 7 7 1 . 6 7 7 1A N N U A L E N E R C Y L O S T 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 9A N N U A L O E M A N D S A V I N C B E F 1 2 6 9 6 0 1 2 6 9 6 0 1 2 6 9 6 0 1 2 6 9 6 0 1 2 6 9 6 0 1 2 6 9 6 0S T A T E T A X 6 2 5 8 6 1 6 3 6 1 6 3 6 0 8 8 6 0 9 8 5 5 7 8F E D E R A L T A X *4 0* 4 30 3 9 8 1 6 3 9 8 1 6 3 9 3 3 1 3 9 0 7 3 3 6 0 3 7A N N U A L D E M A N D S A V I N C A r T 8 0 2 7 2 8 0 9 8 1 8 0 9 8 1 8 1 5 9 0 8 1 8 3 9 8 5 3 9 5S A L V A C E V A L U E 0 0 0 0 0 0A C R S P E R P E R I O D 5 * 4 6 0 5 8 0 0 8 8 7 6 U U 7 7 6 9 9 7 7 6 9 9 7 0C A T E C O R Y 5 5 5 5 5 5S T A R T 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6B A I T A N D C O N V C O S T 3 7 9 3 6 6 0 0 0 0 0B C O E P R C O S T 3 6 * 4 0 3 6 0 0 0 0 0B O P D E P R 1 1 2 3 * 4 5 0 0 0 0 0A C R S B O P 5 6 1 7 1 1 23 *4 1 0 1 1 1 8 9 8 8 7 8 6 9 7 8 6 9B O P C A T E C O R Y 15 15 1 5 15 15 1 5D E P R E C I A T I O N T A X S A V I N C 2 0 * 4 7 6 3 1 0 5 0 2 9 U 3 0 2 9 0 9 8 2 8 6 6 6 2 6 7 9O V E R A L L C O S T 7 5 7 2 9 2 3 6 9 1 3 6 9 1 5 1 9 1 5 9 9 1 1 5 3 9 1O V E R A L L BC NE F I T 1 0 0 7 * 4 8 1 1 2 0 3 0 n o u 1 1 1 1 0 5 8 8 1 1 0 5 0 5 8 8 0 1 9N E T P R E S E N T WORTH - 6 6 * 4 0 0 7 - 5 7 1 3 7 7 - U 8 6 8 9 * * - 9 0 9 7 2 9 - 3 3 8 9 2 5 - 2 9 3 9 3 9a f t e r t a x R A T E OF R E T U R N
1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 U 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7
B A L A N C E OF P L A N T f I X E D C 0 0 0 0 0 0B A T T E R Y KW C A P A C 1 TY 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0C O N V E R T E R B A S E C O S T 0 0 0 0 0 0S A L V A C E R A T E . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 01 N f L A T I O N R A T E . 0 * 4 5 0 . 0 * 4 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 9 5 0
D I S C O U N T R A T E . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0
1 0 8
C O N T I N C E N C Y R A T E S A L E S T A X B A T T E R Y K C O N V E R T E R K B O P KI N S U R A N C E R A T E F E D E R A L T A X R A T E S T A T E T A X R A T E ON P E A K D E M A N D C H A R C E O f F P E A K E N E R G Y C H A R C E D I S C H A R G E D U R A T I O N H R S B A T T E R Y KWH C A P A C I T Y N O M I N A L O U T P U T PO W ER I N S L O P E OF C O N V E R T E R C O S T A N N U A L B A T T E R Y C Y C L E S A N N U A L I N T E R R U P T I B L E L O A B A T T E R Y E F F I C I E N C Y R O U N D T R I P C O N V E R T E R E F F MA I N TA N N U A L O P E R A T I N C A N D M A I C Y C L E L I F E O F B A T T E R Y KW S H A V E D O F F P E A K B A T T E R Y MWH C A P A C I T Y B A T T E R Y D I R E C T C O S T B A T T E R Y O I S C O U N T F A C T O R B A T T E R Y A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O C O N V E R T E R A C C O U N T I N G F A C B O P A C C O U N T I N G F A C T O R B A T T E R Y C O S T C O N V C O S T B U I L O I N C F A C T O R B U I L D I N C C O S T D C E Q U I P M E N T C O S T B O P C O S TP L A N T C O S T I N M I L L I O N S E N C I N E E R I N C C O S T B A T T E R Y A N D C O N V E R T E R EF A N N U A L E N E R G Y L O S T A N N U A L O E M A N D S A V I N C B E F S T A T E T A X F E D E R A L T A XA N N U A L O E M A N D S A V I N C A F TS A L V A C E V A L U EA C R S P E R P E R I O OC A T E C O R YS T A R TB A T T ANO C O N V C O S TB C O E P R C O S TB O P D E P RA C R S BOPB O P C A T E C O R YD E P R E C I A T I O N T A X S A V I N CO V E R A L L C O S TO V E R A L L B E N E F I TN E T P R E S E N T W O RTHA F T E R T A X R A T E OF RC T URN
B A L A N C E OF P L A N T F I X E D CB A T T E R Y KW C A P A C I T YC O N V E R TE R BAS E COSTS A L V A G E RA TEI N F L A T I O N RA TE
O I S C O U N T RA TECONT IN C E N C Y RATES A L C S TAXB A T T E R Y KC O N V E R TE R KBOP KIN S U R A N C E RATE F E D E R A L TAX RATE S T A T E TA X RA TE ON PEA K DEMAND CHARCE OFF PEAK E N ERCY CHARCE 0 IS C H A R C E O U R A T IO N HRS B A T T E R Y KWH C A P A C I T Y N O M I N A L OUTPUT POWER IN S L O P E OF CONVERTER COST
0 0 01000 1000 10000 0 0. 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0. O U S O . 0 U 5 0 . 0 U 5 0. 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 8 0 0. 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0. 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 5 5 0. 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0 . 8 0 0 0. 9 5 0 0 . 9 5 0 0 . 9 5 0 0.U O O O . UOOO . UOOO1 . 0 7 0 1 . 0 7 0 1 . 0 7 0. 3 U 0 0 . 3 U 0 0 . 3 U 0 0. 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 5 0 016 , U 3 1 7 . 1 7 1 7 , 9 U. OU 3 8 . O U 5 8 . OU 7 8
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A N N U A L E N E R C Y L O S T 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 9A N N U A L O E M A N O S A V I N G B E F 1 7 2 7 7 5 1 8 0 5 5 0 1 8 8 6 7 5 1 9 7 1 6 5S T A T E T A X 7 8 6 8 8 8 9 6 9 3 L 2 9 6 7 1
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C A T E C O R Y 5 5 5 5S T A R T 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6B A T T A N O C O N V C O S T 0 0 0 0
BC O E P R C O S T 0 0 0 0
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B A T T E R Y C O S T 0 0C O N V C O S T 0 0B U 1L 0 1 NC E A C T O R 0 0B U I L D I N C C O S T 0 0OC E Q U I P M E N T C O S T 0 0B O P COS T 0 0P L A N T C O S T I N M I L L l ^ r o C 0E N C I N E E R I N C C O S T 0 0B A T T E R Y A N D C O N V E R T E R EE . 6 7 7 1 . 6 7 7 1A N N U A L E N E R C Y L O S T 3 2 2 9 3 2 2 9A N N U A L D E M A N D S A V I N C B E E 2 2 4 9 9 8 2 3 5 1 2 3S T A T E T A X 1 0 9 4 7 1 0 9 8 3E E D E R A L T A X 7 0 7 1 7 7 0 9 4 8A N N U A L O E M A N D S A V I N C A E T 1 4 3 3 3 5 1 5 3 1 9 2S A L V A C E V A L U E 0 0A C R S P ER P E R I O O 0 0C A T E C O R Y 5 5S T A R T 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 6B A T T ANO C O N V C O S T 0 0B C O E P R C O S T 0 0B O P O EP R 0 0A C R S BOP 0 0B O P C A T E C O R Y 15 15D E P R E C I A T I O N T A X S A V I N C 0 0O V E R A L L C O S T 6 0 6 1 1 5 4 6 9O V E R A L L B E N E E I T 1 4 3 3 3 5 1 5 3 1 9 2N E T P R E S E N T W O R TH 2 2 0 8 4 1 2 5 0 1 2 4A E T E R T A X R A T E OE R E T U R N . 1 1 6 6 . 1 1 9 8
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