An Approach To Improving The Physical And Cyber Security Of A Bulk Power System With FACTS Mariesa Crow & Bruce McMillin School of Materials, Energy & Earth Resources Department of Computer Science University of Missouri-Rolla Stan Atcitty Power Sources Development Department Sandia National Laboratory FACTS FACTS Physical Attack Natural Faults Funded through the DOE Energy Storage Program
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An Approach To Improving The Physical And Cyber Security Of A Bulk Power System With FACTS
FACTS. An Approach To Improving The Physical And Cyber Security Of A Bulk Power System With FACTS. Natural Faults. Mariesa Crow & Bruce McMillin School of Materials, Energy & Earth Resources Department of Computer Science University of Missouri-Rolla Stan Atcitty - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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An Approach To Improving ThePhysical And Cyber Security Of ABulk Power System With FACTS
Mariesa Crow & Bruce McMillinSchool of Materials, Energy & Earth
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) Power Electronic Controllers Means to modify the power flow through a
particular transmission corridor Integration with energy storage systems
US FACTS Installations
San Diego G&E/STATCOM/100 MVA
Mitsubishi
Eagle Pass (Texas)Back-to-back HVDC
37 MVA/ ABB
CSWS (Texas)STATCOM/ 150
MVA / W-Siemens
Austin EnergySTATCOM/ 100MVA
ABB
AEP/ Unified Power Flow Controller /100 MVA/ EPRI
TVASTATCOM/ 100MVA
EPRI
Northeast Utilities/ STATCOM/ 150 MVA/
Areva (Alstom)
NYPA/ Convertible Static Compensator/
200 MVA
Vermont Electric/ STATCOM/ 130
MVA/ Mitsubishi
Communication and coordination Scheduling - Distributed Long-
Term control Interaction – Local Dynamic
control Vulnerabilities of the
combined physical/ cyber system
Recovery and protection from physical faults and/or cyber attacks and/or human error
Decentralized Infrastructures
Identify cascading failure scenarios for
test systems
Cascading ScenarioOutage 48-49
45
46
W.Lancst Crooksvl
47
G69
68
G
G
49
66
65
Zanesvll48
50
Philo
MuskngumN
MuskngumS
67
G
Natrium
Kammer
44WMVernon
N.Newark
SpornW
Summerfl
62
64
37
34
36
NwLibrty
39
40 41 42
43
S.Kenton
38
S.TiffinWest End Howard
Rockhill
EastLima
Sterling
Portsmth
Bellefnt 74 75SthPoint
CollCrnr23
GTannrsCk
Trenton
24
Portsmth
Hillsbro72
70
71
Sargents73
NPortsmt
WLima
35
SpornE
54
51
Cascading ScenarioOutage 48-49
45
46
W.Lancst Crooksvl
47
G69
68
G
G
49
66
65
Zanesvll48
50
Philo
MuskngumN
MuskngumS
67
G
Natrium
Kammer
44WMVernon
N.Newark
SpornW
Summerfl
62
64
37
34
36
NwLibrty
39
40 41 42
43
S.Kenton
38
S.TiffinWest End Howard
Rockhill
EastLima
Sterling
Portsmth
Bellefnt 74 75SthPoint
CollCrnr23
GTannrsCk
Trenton
24
Portsmth
Hillsbro72
70
71
Sargents73
NPortsmt
WLima
35
SpornE
54
51
Cascading ScenarioOutage 48-49
45
46
W.Lancst Crooksvl
47
G69
68
G
G
49
66
65
Zanesvll48
50
Philo
MuskngumN
MuskngumS
67
G
Natrium
Kammer
44WMVernon
N.Newark
SpornW
Summerfl
62
64
37
34
36
NwLibrty
39
40 41 42
43
S.Kenton
38
S.TiffinWest End Howard
Rockhill
EastLima
Sterling
Portsmth
Bellefnt 74 75SthPoint
CollCrnr23
GTannrsCk
Trenton
24
Portsmth
Hillsbro72
70
71
Sargents73
NPortsmt
WLima
35
SpornE
54
51
Cascading ScenarioOutage 48-49
45
46
W.Lancst Crooksvl
47
G69
68
G
G
49
66
65
Zanesvll48
50
Philo
MuskngumN
MuskngumS
67
G
Natrium
Kammer
44WMVernon
N.Newark
SpornW
Summerfl
62
64
37
34
36
NwLibrty
39
40 41 42
43
S.Kenton
38
S.TiffinWest End Howard
Rockhill
EastLima
Sterling
Portsmth
Bellefnt 74 75SthPoint
CollCrnr23
GTannrsCk
Trenton
24
Portsmth
Hillsbro72
70
71
Sargents73
NPortsmt
WLima
35
SpornE
54
51
FACTS Placement and Control
FACTS Control
Distributed Long-Term control algorithms for FACTS settings Run by each processor in each FACTS Alternatives
Max-flow algorithms Max-flow algorithms Local optimizationsLocal optimizations Agent-based frameworkAgent-based framework
Assessment Reduction of OverloadsReduction of Overloads ComputabilityComputability
FACTS Placement
Placement Place few FACTS
in a large network for maximum benefit
Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) will be used to place FACTS devices in the network
kn
line
line
lineline
yContingencyContingenc S
SPPI
2
max
Performance Index Metric
Gradient Descent on PI Metric vs. Maximum Flow
FACTS Interaction Laboratory (FIL)
FIL Overview Construct a Laboratory System to Study
and Mitigate Cascading Failures Deleterious effects of interacting power
control devices Cyber Vulnerabilities
Hardware in the Loop (HIL) Real-time Simulation Engine
Simulate Existing Power SystemsSimulate Existing Power Systems Inject Simulated FaultsInject Simulated Faults
Interconnected laboratory-scale UPFC FACTS Device
Measure actual device interactionMeasure actual device interaction
FACTS Interaction LaboratoryArchitecture
FACTS
10 KVA
3332
31 30
35
80
78
74
7966
75
77
7672
8281
8683
8485
156157 161162
vv
167165
15815915544
45160
166
163
5 11
6
8
9
1817
43
7
14
12 13
138139
147
15
19
16
112
114
115
118
119
103
107108
110
102
104
109
142
376463
56153 145151
15213649
4847
146154
150149
143
4243
141140
50
57
230 kV345 kV500 kV
36
69
Simulation Engine
(multiprocessor)
FACTS/ESS
FACTS/ESS
FACTS/ESS
A/D D/A
A/D
D/A
A/D
D/A
Network
HIL Laboratory Interface
Machine 1
D/A output
A/D input
FACTS1
ControllableLoad
Machine 2
Machine 3
Power System Simulation Engine
ControllableLoad
ControllableLoad
FACTS2
FACTS3
D/A output
A/D input
D/A output
A/D input
FACTS – Flexible AC Transmission System Prototype Device
Computer
BoardsDSP board
Interface boardSensor boardPower supply
Converters
TransformersFilters
DC capacitorsTwo driving & protection boards
Two six-pulse converters
One shunt transformerOne series transformer
Two filters
FACTS Interaction Laboratory
HIL Line
UPFC
Simulation
Engine
Cyber Fault Detection
Fault Tolerance
Define correct operation of the power system with FACTS/ESS
Embed as executable constraints into each FACTS/ESS computer
FACTS/ESS check each other during operation of distributed control algorithms
Cyber Fault Injection
Attempt to confuse the FACTS embedded computers
Attempt to disrupt the communication between FACTS embedded computers
Confuse the power system’s operation
Error Coverage of Distributed Executable Correctness Constraints
(Maximum Flow Algorithm)
System Dynamic Control
Power Network Embedded With FACTS Devices
Tie-line flow
CONTROL
AREA A
CONTROL
AREA BA decentralized power network embedded with FACTS devices can be viewed as a
hybrid dynamical system (Differential-algebraic-discrete-event).
While the FACTS devices offer improved controllability, their actions in a decentralized power network can cause deleterious interactions among them.
Performance of FACTS controllers with ideal observability
Uncontrollable modes in generator speeds due to device interactions
Project Benchmarks
Construction of HIL Demonstration of Cascading Failures Placement and Control Hardware/Software Architecture Cyber Fault Detection Dynamic Control Visualization
Special Thanks
Imre Gyuk – DOE Energy Storage Stan Atcitty – Sandia National Lab John Boyes – Sandia National Lab