*Corresponding author (J.Teeravaraprug). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5643001 Ext.3083. E-mail addresses: [email protected]. 2011 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. . Volume 2 No.4. ISSN 2228-9860. eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V02/385-404.pdf 385 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies http://www.TuEngr.com , http://go.to/Research An Application of Genetic Algorithm for Non-restricted Space and Pre-determined Length Width Ratio Facility Layout Problem Jirarat Teeravaraprug a* , Tarathorn Kullpataranirun b , and Boonchai Chinpaditsuk a a Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, THAILAND b Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Business, Mahanakorn University of Technology, THAILAND A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T RA C T Article history: Received 02 June 2011 Received in revised form 20 August 2011 Accepted 24 August 2011 Available online 01 September, 2011 Keywords: Genetic algorithm; Facility layout problem; Two leveled chromosome The use of a genetic algorithm is presented to solve a facility layout problem in the situation where there is non-restricted space but the ratio of plant length and width is pre-determined. A two-leveled chromosome is constructed. Six rules are established to translate the chromosome to facility design. An approach of solving a facility layout problem is proposed. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the approach. 2011 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Some Rights Reserved. 1. Introduction Facility layout is one of the main fields in industrial engineering where a number of researchers have given elevated attentions. Various models and solution approaches for several circumstances of facility layout have been proposed during the past three decades (Kusiak and Heragu, 1987). Kusiak and Heragu (1987), Meller and Gau (1996), Heragu (1997), and Balakrihnan and Cheng (1998) presented surveys of the layout problem and various mathematical models. Moreover, Tavakkoli-Moghaddam and Shayan (1996) did a comparative survey of the recent and advanced approaches in order to evaluate and select the most suitable one of the facilities design problems. 2011 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies.
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An Application of Genetic Algorithm for Non-restricted Space and Pre-determined Length Width Ratio Facility Layout Problem
The use of a genetic algorithm is presented to solve a facility layout problem in the situation where there is non-restricted space but the ratio of plant length and width is pre-determined. A two-leveled chromosome is constructed. Six rules are established to translate the chromosome to facility design. An approach of solving a facility layout problem is proposed. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the approach.
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*Corresponding author (J.Teeravaraprug). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5643001 Ext.3083. E-mail addresses: [email protected]. 2011 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. . Volume 2 No.4. ISSN 2228-9860. eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V02/385-404.pdf
385
International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies
http://www.TuEngr.com, http://go.to/Research
An Application of Genetic Algorithm for Non-restricted Space and Pre-determined Length Width Ratio Facility Layout Problem Jirarat Teeravarapruga*, Tarathorn Kullpataranirunb, and Boonchai Chinpaditsuka
a Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, THAILAND b Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Business, Mahanakorn University of Technology, THAILAND A R T I C L E I N F O
A B S T RA C T
Article history: Received 02 June 2011 Received in revised form 20 August 2011 Accepted 24 August 2011 Available online 01 September, 2011 Keywords: Genetic algorithm; Facility layout problem; Two leveled chromosome
The use of a genetic algorithm is presented to solve a facility layout problem in the situation where there is non-restricted space but the ratio of plant length and width is pre-determined. A two-leveled chromosome is constructed. Six rules are established to translate the chromosome to facility design. An approach of solving a facility layout problem is proposed. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the approach.
2011 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. Some Rights Reserved.
1. Introduction Facility layout is one of the main fields in industrial engineering where a number of
researchers have given elevated attentions. Various models and solution approaches for
several circumstances of facility layout have been proposed during the past three decades
(Kusiak and Heragu, 1987). Kusiak and Heragu (1987), Meller and Gau (1996), Heragu
(1997), and Balakrihnan and Cheng (1998) presented surveys of the layout problem and various
mathematical models. Moreover, Tavakkoli-Moghaddam and Shayan (1996) did a
comparative survey of the recent and advanced approaches in order to evaluate and select the
most suitable one of the facilities design problems.
2011 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies.
386 Jirarat Teeravaraprug, Tarathorn Kullpataranirun, and Boonchai Chinpaditsuk
The problem in facility layout is to assign facilities to locations such that a given
performance measure is optimized. The problem commonly found in industries is how to
allocate facilities to either maximize adjacency requirement (Seppanen and Moore, 1970), or
minimize the cost of transporting materials between them (Koopmans and Beckmann, 1957).
The maximize adjacency objective uses a relationship chart that qualitatively specifies a
closeness rating for each facility pair. This is then used to determine an overall adjacency
measure for a given layout. The minimizing of transportation cost objective, which is
considered in this paper, uses a value that is calculated by multiplying together the flow,
distance, and unit transportation cost per distance for each facility pair. The resulting values
for all facility pairs are then added.
However, solving the facility layout problem is elaborate because the facility layout
problem belongs to the class of non-polynomial hard (NP-hard) problems which are unsolvable
in polynomial time. It suggests that the problem’s complexity increases exponentially with the
number of facility locations (Adel El-Baz, 2004). Heuristic techniques were introduced to
seek near-optimal solutions at reasonable computational time for large-scaled problems
covering several well known methods such as improvement, construction and hybrid methods,
and graph-theory methods (Kusiak and Heragu, 1987). One of the well-liked tools is genetic
algorithm (GA), which is successfully applied in various types of problems. Wu and Appleton
(2002) applied GA to block layout by considering aisle. Lee, et al. (2003) proposes an improved
GA to derive solutions for facility layouts that are to have inner walls and passages. The
proposed algorithm models the layout of facilities on gene structures. Improved solutions are
produced by employing genetic operations known as selection, crossover, inversion, mutation,
and refinement of these genes for successive generations. Recently, Wu et al. (2007)
introduced a genetic algorithm for cellular manufacturing design and layout.
Based on the review, most researches give attention in minimization of transportation
cost in various circumstances by assigning fixed overall area of facilities. This paper considers
in the case that all facilities have not yet constructed. The overall area of facilities can be
changed, however the range of the ratio of width and length is given. This paper is then to
minimize transportation cost and overall area by enhancing the concept of genetic algorithm.
*Corresponding author (J.Teeravaraprug). Tel/Fax: +66-2-5643001 Ext.3083. E-mail addresses: [email protected]. 2011 International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. . Volume 2 No.4. ISSN 2228-9860. eISSN 1906-9642. Online Available at http://TuEngr.com/V02/385-404.pdf
387
2. Genetic Algorithm Genetic algorithm (GA) introduced by Holland (1975) has increasingly gained popularity
in optimization. The main concept of GA is taken from natural genetics and evolution theory
(Tavakkoli-Moghaddam and Shayan, 1997; Venugopal and Narendran, 1992; Zhang et al.,
1997). GA is a simple algorithm that encodes a potential solution to a specific problem on a
simple chromosome like data structure and applies recombination operators to these structures
so as to improve the solution while preserving all critical information (Chan et al., 1996).
GA starts with an initial set of random solutions for the problem under consideration. This
set of solutions is called ‘population’. The individuals of the population are called
‘chromosomes’. The chromosomes of the population are evaluated according to a predefined
fitness function. The chromosomes evolve through successive iterations called ‘generations’.
During each generation, merging and modifying chromosomes of a given population create a
new set of population. Merging chromosomes is known as ‘crossover’ while modifying an
existing one is known as ‘mutation’. Crossover is the process in which the chromosomes are
mixed and matched in a random fashion to produce a pair of new chromosomes (offspring).
Mutation operator is the process used to rearrange the structure of the chromosome to produce a
new one. The selection of chromosomes to crossover and mutate is based on their fitness
function. Once a new generation is created, deleting members of the present population to
make room for the new generation forms a new population. The process is iterative until a
specific stopping criterion is reached.
In short, the typical steps required to implement GA are: encoding of feasible solutions into
chromosomes using a representation method, evaluation of fitness, setting of GA parameters,
selection strategy, genetic operators, and criteria to terminate the process (Goldberg, 1989).
Standard GAs utilize a binary coding of individuals as fixed-length strings over the alphabet
{0,1}, a reproduction method based on the roulette wheel selection, a standard crossover
operator to produce new children and a mutation operator altering a bit string from a selected
individual. Tavakkoli-Moghaddain and Shayan (1998) introduced an improved robust GA
using non binary coding as well as different selection schemes and genetic operators.
In recent years, GA has been successfully applied to a vast variety of problems. Some
examples include constrained optimization (Homaifar, et al., 1994), multiprocessor scheduling
388 Jirarat Teeravaraprug, Tarathorn Kullpataranirun, and Boonchai Chinpaditsuk
Zhang, Y., Zhu, X. and Lou, Y. (1997). Applying genetic algorithms to task planning of
multi-agent systems. Proceeding of 22nd International Conference on Computer and
Industrial Engineering, 411-414.
Dr. J. Teeravaraprug is an Associate Professor of Department of Industrial Engineering at Thammasat University, Thailand. She holds a B.Eng. in Industrial Engineering from Kasetsart University, Thailand, an M.S. from University of Pittsburgh, and PhD from Clemson University, USA. Her research includes design of experiments, quality engineering, and engineering optimization.
Dr. T. Kullpataranirun is a lecturer of Department of Industrial Management at Mahanakorn University, Thailand. He holds a B.Eng in Industrial Engineering from Kasetsart University, an M.Eng from Chulalongkorn University, and Ph.D. from Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Thailand. His research includes industrial management, quality engineering, and engineering optimization.
B.Chinpaditsuk is a master student in the department of industrial engineering at Thammasat University. He holds a B.Eng degree in Electrical Engineering from Kasetsart University.
Peer Review: This article has been internationally peer-reviewed and accepted for publication
according to the guidelines given at the journal’s website.