An ACP Perspective and Overview of Article 96 Cases

European Centre for Development Policy ManagementCentre européen de gestion des politiques de développement

Discussion Paper No. 64DAugust 2005

An ACP Perspective andOverview of Article 96 Cases

Andrew Bradley

An ACP Perspective andOverview of Article 96 Cases

Andrew Bradley*

August 2005

* Andrew Bradley has recently been promoted to Assistant Secretary-General for Political Affairs and HumanDevelopment at the ACP Secretariat. This article and the overview table of Article 96 cases were supplied by theauthor in his personal capacity. They do not necessarily reflect the opinions and views of the ACP Secretariat andthe ACP Group.

Contents

Introductory Note 1

An ACP Perspective 1

ACP States and the EU:Table of consultation procedures and countries under sanctions 2

Table: Consultations between individual ACP States and the EU held under Articles 96/97 of the Cotonou Agreement and Article 366a of the Lomé Convention, and ACP States under sanctions within the ACP-EU Framework 4

Republic of Niger 4Republic of Togo 4Republic of Guinea-Bissau 5Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros 6Republic of Cote d'Ivoire 6Republic of Haiti 7Republic of the Fiji Islands 10Republic of Liberia 10Republic of Zimbabwe 12Republic of Sudan 13Central African Republic 15Republic of Guinea 16

Cotonou Article 96 Discussion Paper No. 64D

iii

The European Centre forDevelopment Policy ManagementOnze Lieve Vrouweplein 21NL-6211 HE Maastricht, The Netherlands Tel +31 (0)43 350 29 00Fax +31 (0)43 350 29 [email protected] www.ecdpm.org


1

An ACP PerspectiveIntroductionThe Cotonou Agreement, often hailed as the mostcomprehensive partnership between a developingand developed grouping within the North-Southdevelopment cooperation context, also provides afirm basis for ACP-EU political dialogue, and in partic-ular for dialogue on the essential elements and fun-damental element: respect for human rights, demo-cratic principles, rule of law and good governance.

One of the key objectives of the Cotonou Agreementis to eradicate poverty, and it is therefore expected,within the spirit and nature of the ACP-EUPartnership, that when the Article 96 consultationprocedure is invoked, it will be without any negativeconsequences for the aforementioned key objectiveof the Agreement.

Nevertheless, Article 96 is perceived to be negative,potentially punitive in nature, unilaterally applied,and when applied incorrectly, neither complementa-ry to nor in conformity with the key objectives of theCotonou Agreement. It is within this context that theACP Group, through the recent revision of theCotonou Agreement, addressed these concerns byrendering political dialogue under Article 8 more sys-tematic and formal. The new Annex VII to theCotonou Agreement entitled, "Political dialogue asregards human rights, democratic principles and therule of law", sets out detailed modalities for thisstructured dialogue, which should bring the eventualapplication of Article 96, when needed, in line withthe key objectives of the Cotonou Agreement.

Realistic expectationsThe ACP Group is aware of its responsibilities andobligations in terms of the Cotonou Agreement andhas established a framework for intra-ACP politicaldialogue, which will allow the Group to address, first-ly at the intra-ACP-level, issues related to humanrights, democratic principles, the rule of law, andgood governance. The comprehensiveness of thePartnership and the longstanding ACP-EU relation-ship should therefore allow the Group to resolveinternally, prior to any EU involvement, issues thatmight have an impact on the relationship.

A handful of developments now will provide theopportunity to both Parties to change current per-ceptions in relation to the utiliszation and applica-tion of Article 96 consultations: the revision of theCotonou Agreement, a better understanding of themodalities, prospects, and opportunities for politicaldialogue, improved communication, and a refocusedwillingness to address vigorously the key objectivesof the Agreement. Conditionality in developmentcooperation is not disputed, but it should always beapplied, when needed, with the key objectives of thePartnership at heart. It should never lead to thedetriment of the peoples of the developing world. Tothis end, both signatory Parties to the Agreementshould always ensure to act in a responsible mannerand in support of the key objectives, as well as thespirit of the Partnership.

The strengthened focus on political dialogue (Article8) will invariably lead to an improved application ofArticle 96 consultations and indeed remove some ofthe negative connotations attached to the Article.The objectives of Article 96 consultations shouldalways be to assist the implicated country and to cre-

Introductory noteAs part of this series we requested Andrew Bradley to give us an overview of the cases of Article 96/366a proce-dures as seen from an ACP perspective. The table in this document gives a complete listing of all the cases with aseries of notes on each one. The short written piece gives a basic overview of the current debate on Article 96 asit might be seen from an ACP point of view. The article is not however an official position of the ACP Group, butrepresents the author’s personal assessment.

ate an environment where a normaliszed relation-ship can exist. Only then will this Article also con-form to, and support the key objectives of theCotonou Agreement.

Article 96 should therefore only be utiliszed afterexhaustive political dialogue, as foreseen in Article 8,except in cases of special urgency. When needed,Article 96 consultations provide the basis for formal,high-level consultations between the Parties on theessential elements, which would not necessarily leadto the application of appropriate measures by oneParty. It is now the obligation of the ACP Group andthe EU to ensure, through an improved application ofArticle 96 consultation procedures, that formal dia-logue does not necessarily lead to invoking appropri-ate measures, but that it could, in most cases, alsolead to the full normaliszation of relations.

The signatory Parties' demonstration of a greaterwillingness to cooperate and trust each other wouldcontribute to strengthening the Partnership. When aneed arises to institute appropriate measures withinthe context of the Article 96 consultation procedure,the focus should be directed firstly towards thedevelopment of capacities to address the initial per-ceived violation, prior to any inclination to resort topotential punitive measures. In a Partnership, theneed to invoke appropriate measures should be thelast resort, and the emphasis should be to resolvedifferences, to improve cooperation, communication,foster improved understanding, and to apply bestpractices to address and achieve the key objectives ofthe Agreement.

ConclusionThe application and utiliszation of Article 96 consul-tations should always conform to and complementthe key objectives of the Cotonou Agreement.

The ACP Group and the EU have an obligation toexplore all possibilities for the resolution of anyproblem, whether it is at the level of the ACP Groupand/or the joint level. Dialogue between the signato-ry parties must always continue, irrespective of thegravity of any potential problem. Appropriate meas-ures as foreseen in Article 96 cannot be unilaterallydeveloped and applied. The ACP and EU should com-mit themselves to focusing on problem solving andcreating an environment for joint action and deci-sion-making. This commitment will do justice to thespirit and uniqueness of the ACP-EU Partnership.

Discussion Paper No. 64D Cotonou Article 96

2


3

ACP States and the EU:Table of consultation procedures and countriesunder sanctionsSince 1996, the following ACP States have beeninvolved in consultations with the European Union(EU) under Article 366a of the Lomé Convention andArticle 96 of the Cotonou Agreement, respectively:

• Republic of Niger (1996 and 1999);• Republic of Togo (1993, 1998, and 2004);• Republic of Guinea-Bissau (1999 and 2004);• Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros (1999);• Republic of Cote d'Ivoire (2000 and 2001);• Republic of Haiti (2000);• Republic of the Fiji Islands (2000);• Republic of Liberia (2001);• Republic of Zimbabwe (2002);• Republic of Sudan (1990)1;• Central African Republic (2003); and • Republic of Guinea (2004).

Presently2, EU sanctions apply to five ACP States:

• Republic of Togo;• Republic of Haiti;• Republic of Liberia;• Republic of Zimbabwe; and• Republic of Guinea.

No ACP State has been called by the EU for consulta-tions under Article 973 of the Cotonou Agreement,and the principle reasons for consultations underArticle 96 relate to:

• Coups d'état;• Flawed and lack of transparent electoral process-

es; and• Violation of democracy principles, rule of law,

respect of human rights and fundamental free-doms.

The table below provides the reader with informa-tion relating to the (i) ACP States invited to enter intoconsultations with the European Union under Article366a of the Lomé Convention and Article 96 of theCotonou Agreement, respectively, (ii) date of openingof consultations, (iii) EU reason(s) for consultations/sanctions, (iv) measures (sanctions) taken by the EU,(v) measures implemented by the ACP State and theACP Group, and (vi) the current status of the relation-ship. Further, the document also provides anoverview of ACP States under sanctions within theACP-EU framework.

Notes

1 EU sanctions against Sudan commenced prior to thenception of Article 366a of the Lomé Convention

2 As of 1 July 20053 Corruption was one of reasons for Liberia/EU consultations,

but consultations were conducted under Article 96


4

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

1996

1999

1993

1998

Coup

d’ét

at

Coup

d’ét

at

Dive

rgen

ce on

th

e poli

tical

situ

-at

ion in

Togo

Flawe

d elec

tora

lpr

oces

s

Retu

rn to

cons

titut

ional

orde

r

Retu

rn to

cons

titut

ional

orde

r

•Ado

ption

of a

new

Cons

titut

ion an

d the

esta

b-lis

hmen

tof g

over

nmen

tal in

stitu

tions

(199

2)•P

reside

ntial

elec

tions

(199

3)•L

egisl

ative

elec

tions

(199

4)

•Org

anisa

tion o

f the

inte

r-Tog

olese

Dial

ogue

(199

8)•S

ignat

ure o

f a Lo

mé F

ramew

ork A

gree

men

t(19

99)

•Leg

islat

ive el

ectio

ns (1

999)

•Pro

mulg

ation

of a

new

electo

ral co

de (2

000)

•Esta

blish

men

tof a

Nat

ional

Electo

ralCo

mm

ission

(200

1)•R

evisi

on of

the v

oter

s roll

•Leg

islat

ive el

ectio

ns (2

002)

•Req

uest

to th

e UN

for t

he es

tabli

shm

ento

f an

inter

natio

nal in

quiry

on hu

man

right

s viol

ation

(repo

rted b

y Am

nesty

Inte

rnat

ional)

•Pres

ident

ial el

ectio

ns (2

003)

•Visi

tof P

rime M

iniste

r to t

he AC

P and

EU (2

003)

Relat

ions n

orm

alise

d (d

ate u

nkno

wn)

Relat

ions n

orm

alise

d(d

ate u

nkno

wn)

1994

- EU

resu

med

grad

ual c

oope

ratio

n

EU m

easu

res a

pplic

a-ble

Finan

cial c

oope

ration

,exc

eptp

rojec

ts in

supp

orto

f the

poor

estp

opula

tion,

was s

uspe

nded

for 6

mon

ths.

Agr

adua

l app

roac

h was

follo

wed a

fter t

he co

nstit

ution

alre

feren

dum

by pr

ovidi

ng su

ppor

tto t

he el

ecto

ral p

roce

ssan

d the

resu

mpt

ion of

supp

ortt

o the

socia

l sec

tors.

Cont

inua

tion o

f ong

oing p

rogr

amm

es,fo

llowe

d by a

cond

ition

al an

d gra

dual

appr

oach

for n

ew pr

ogra

mm

es.

Emph

asis

on th

e sup

port

for e

lectio

ns an

d dire

ctsu

p-po

rtto

the p

opul

ation

,par

ticul

arly

in th

e soc

ial se

ctors.

Susp

ensio

n of c

oope

ratio

n.

Non-

resu

mpt

ion of

deve

lopm

entc

oope

ratio

n,bu

twith

-ou

tpen

alisin

g civi

l soc

iety.

Table

:Con

sulta

tions

betw

een i

ndivi

dual

ACP S

tate

s and

the E

U he

ld un

der A

rticle

s 96/

97 of

the C

oton

ou A

gree

men

tand

Arti

cle36

6a of

the L

omé C

onve

ntion

,and

ACP

Stat

es un

der s

ancti

ons w

ithin

the A

CP-EU

Fram

ewor

k

Nige

r

Togo


5

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

14 Ap

ril 20

04

1999

19 Ja

nuar

y20

04

Dem

ocra

cy,

resp

ecto

fhu

man

righ

tsan

d fun

dam

en-

tal f

reed

oms

Coup

d’ét

at

Coup

d’ét

at

•ACP

Am

bass

ador

ial fa

ct-fin

ding m

ission

•Eur

opea

n Com

miss

ion fo

llow-

up m

ission

s•P

rese

ntat

ion of

prog

ress

repo

rts on

the i

mple

-m

enta

tion o

f the

com

mitm

ents

(22) u

nder

tak-

en by

the G

over

nmen

tof T

ogo d

urin

g con

sulta

-tio

ns

•Com

plian

ce w

ith m

osto

f the

afor

emen

tione

dco

mm

itmen

ts•C

ontin

uous

exch

ange

of vi

ews b

etwe

en th

eAC

P Com

mitt

ee of

Am

bass

ador

s and

the

Coun

cil of

the E

urop

ean U

nion

and t

heEu

rope

an Co

mm

ission

•Pre

siden

tial e

lectio

ns on

24 A

pril 2

005

•Obs

erve

r miss

ion by

the A

CP G

roup

•Dec

larat

ion on

the o

utco

me o

f the

Pres

ident

ialele

ction

s by t

he A

CP G

roup

•Gen

eral

electi

ons o

n 28 a

nd 30

Mar

ch 20

04•P

rogr

ess w

ith th

e ret

urn t

o an i

ndep

ende

ntju

diciar

y with

the a

ppoin

tmen

tof a

publi

cpr

osec

utor

and t

he el

ectio

n of t

he Su

prem

eCo

urtP

resid

ent

•Ado

ption

of an

emer

genc

y eco

nom

ic pr

ogra

mm

e•C

ensu

s of G

over

nmen

tem

ploye

es

EU m

easu

res a

ppli-

cable

Relat

ions n

orm

alise

d(da

te un

know

n)

Relat

ions n

orm

alise

dan

d the

EU co

mm

it-te

d to m

onito

ring

prog

ress m

ade i

n the

area

s of p

ublic

finan

ces,t

he re

turn

to an

inde

pend

ent

judici

ary,t

he re

stora-

tion o

f civi

lian c

on-

trol o

ver t

he ar

med

force

s and

the p

ur-

On 16

Nov

embe

r 200

4 the

Gov

ernm

ento

f Tog

o was

info

rmed

of th

e con

clusio

n of t

he co

nsul

tatio

ns w

ith th

ead

optio

n of t

he fo

llowi

ng ap

prop

riate

mea

sure

s:

•Con

tinue

d im

plem

enta

tion o

f pro

jects

finan

ced w

ithth

e une

xpen

ded b

alanc

es of

the 6

than

d 7th

EDF;

•Lin

kage

of th

e not

ifica

tion o

f the

9th

EDF a

lloca

tion

with

the a

dopt

ion of

elec

tora

l arra

ngem

ents

that

will

ensu

re tr

ansp

aren

tand

dem

ocra

tic el

ectio

ns ac

cept

edby

all p

artie

s,and

the s

ettin

g of a

date

for t

he ho

lding

of Pa

rliam

enta

ry el

ectio

ns in

Togo

;•C

onsid

erat

ion of

regio

nal p

rojec

ts on

a ca

se-b

y-cas

eba

sis;

•Onc

e fre

e and

fair

parli

amen

tary

elec

tions

have

been

held,

the E

U wi

ll res

ume f

ull c

oope

ratio

n with

Togo

;•C

ontin

uatio

n of h

uman

itaria

n ope

ratio

ns,tr

ade c

oop-

erat

ion an

d tra

de-li

nked

pref

eren

ces;

and

•Reg

ular

joint

revie

ws by

the E

U Pr

eside

ncy a

ndEu

rope

an Co

mm

ission

,and

mon

itorin

g ove

r a pe

riod

of 24

mon

ths.

No ap

prop

riate

mea

sure

s ado

pted

due t

o the

retu

rn to

dem

ocra

cy du

ring t

he co

urse

of th

e con

sulta

tions

.

No ap

prop

riate

mea

sure

s ado

pted

.A ro

adm

ap w

asag

reed

in w

hich

Gui

nea B

issau

unde

rtook

the f

ollow

ing

key c

omm

itmen

ts:•T

o con

firm

the t

rans

ition

prog

ram

me,

and i

n par

ticu-

lar th

ose a

spec

ts re

lated

to th

e org

anisa

tion o

f leg

isla-

tive e

lectio

ns;

•To a

dopt

mea

sure

s aim

ed at

impr

ovin

g gov

erna

nce i

nth

e man

agem

ento

f pub

lic fi

nanc

es;

•To r

e-es

tabli

sh a

prog

ress

ive le

gal s

yste

m an

d an i

nde-

pend

entj

udici

al sy

stem

;•T

o re-

esta

blish

civil

cont

rol o

f the

arm

ed fo

rces.

Itwa

s also

agre

ed th

atre

gular

asse

ssm

ents

of G

uine

aBis

sau’s

prog

ress

towa

rds f

ulfil

ling i

ts co

mm

itmen

tswo

uld b

e und

erta

ken.

Guine

a Biss

au


6

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

1999

Janu

ary

2000

Coup

d’ét

at

Coup

d’ét

at•O

rgan

isatio

n of P

resid

entia

l elec

tions

durin

gOc

tobe

r 200

0

suit

of th

e elec

toral

timet

able

for

Pres

ident

ial el

ec-

tions

.

Relat

ions n

orm

alise

d(20

02)

EU m

easu

res ap

plica

-ble

Afte

r the

conc

lusion

of th

e con

sulta

tions

,the E

U de

cided

on th

e foll

owing

appr

opria

te m

easu

res:

•Im

plem

enta

tion o

f pro

gram

mes

alre

ady u

nder

way

will

cont

inue

as pl

anne

d;•F

utur

e ope

ratio

ns w

ill be

imple

men

ted a

ccor

ding t

o agr

adua

l and

cond

ition

al ap

proa

ch;a

nd•T

he EU

rese

rves t

he rig

htto

revie

w its

posit

ion re

gular

ly.

On 22

July

2002

the G

over

nmen

tof C

omor

os w

asin

form

ed of

the r

emov

al of

all r

estri

ction

s on E

U co

oper

a-tio

n with

the C

omor

os.

•Con

sulta

tions

conc

lude

d on 2

8 Jan

uary

2001

.•C

ontin

uatio

n of e

xistin

g pro

gram

mes

,regio

nal c

oope

r-at

ional

and h

uman

itaria

n aid

nota

ffecte

d.A

grad

ual

and c

ondit

ional

appr

oach

for n

ew pr

ojects

focu

sing o

nsu

ppor

tfor

the r

esto

ratio

n of t

he co

nstit

ution

alde

moc

racy

,rule

of la

w,go

od go

vern

ance

,and

civil

soci-

ety.

Com

oros

Côte

d'Ivo

ire


7

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

Janu

ary

2001

Augu

st20

00

Lack

of op

enne

ssin

elec

tions

and

othe

r dev

elop-

men

ts du

ring t

hetra

nsiti

on pe

riod

Flawe

d elec

tora

lpr

oces

s

•Org

anisa

tion o

f leg

islat

ive,m

unici

pal a

ndde

partm

enta

l elec

tions

(Gen

eral

Coun

cils)

•Org

anisa

tion o

f a N

ation

al Re

conc

iliatio

nFo

rum

•Stre

ngth

enin

g of p

olitic

al dia

logue

-Su

bmiss

ion of

draf

thigh

cour

tleg

islat

ion to

the N

ation

al As

sem

bly•I

mpr

ovem

ento

f hum

an ri

ghts

•Esta

blish

men

tof a

Nat

ional

Ident

ifica

tion

Offic

e,in

cludin

g an I

nfor

mat

ion O

ffice

on na

t-ur

alisa

tion

•Dra

ftleg

islat

ion on

pres

s fre

edom

•For

mat

ion of

a de

moc

ratic

Gov

ernm

ent

•Ha

itian

Gov

ernm

ent's

com

mitm

entt

o im

ple-

men

tRes

olutio

n 822

of th

e Per

man

entC

ounc

ilof

the O

rgan

izatio

n of A

mer

ican S

tate

s (OA

S)•

76th

ACP C

ounc

il of M

inist

ers R

esolu

tion o

nth

e 'Re

stora

tion o

f aid

of th

e EU

and o

ther

inter

natio

nal in

stitu

tions

to th

e Rep

ublic

ofHa

iti'

•Re

ques

tfor

cons

ulta

tions

with

the E

urop

ean

Com

mun

ities

and C

omm

ission

by th

e Hait

ianau

thor

ities

Relat

ions

norm

alise

d on 1

9Fe

brua

ry 20

02

EU m

easu

res a

ppli-

cable

Afte

r the

conc

lusio

n of t

he co

nsul

tatio

ns,th

e foll

owin

gpr

ereq

uisit

es fo

r nor

mali

sed r

elatio

ns w

ere l

isted

:

•Res

pect

for t

he ru

le of

law;

•Dem

ocra

tisat

ion;

•Nat

ional

reco

ncilia

tion;

•Ind

epen

denc

e and

neut

ralit

y of t

he ju

diciar

y;•R

espe

ctfo

r hum

an ri

ghts;

and

•Pro

vision

of se

curit

y and

prot

ectio

n to

fore

igner

s.

The E

U fo

llowe

d a gr

adua

l and

cond

ition

al ap

proa

chto

ward

new

proje

cts in

supp

orto

f the

resto

ratio

n of c

on-

stitu

tiona

l dem

ocra

cy,ru

le of

law,

good

gove

rnan

ce an

dciv

il soc

iety.

On 19

Febr

uary

2002

,the G

over

nmen

tof C

ôte d

'Ivoir

ewa

s inf

orm

ed of

the n

orm

alisa

tion o

f rela

tions

with

the

EU,w

hich

will

be de

mon

strat

ed by

the n

orm

al op

erat

ionof

the E

urop

ean c

omm

unity

coop

erat

ion in

strum

ents,

inclu

ding t

he 9t

hED

F.

Afte

r the

conc

lusio

n of t

he co

nsul

tatio

ns,th

e EU

decid

edon

the f

ollow

ing a

ppro

priat

e mea

sure

s (29

Janu

ary 2

001):

•No

n-pr

ovisi

on of

the 2

ndtra

nche

unde

r the

8th

EDF,

tota

lling E

uro 4

4.4 m

illion

;•

Susp

ensio

n of d

irect

budg

etaid

prov

ided f

or un

der t

he8t

hED

F and

the b

udge

thea

ding f

or fo

od se

curit

y;•

Redir

ectio

n of t

he re

main

ing f

unds

of th

e 8th

EDF

tranc

he to

proje

cts th

atar

e of d

irect

bene

fitto

the

Haiti

an pe

ople,

to st

reng

then

civil

socie

ty an

d the

pri-

vate

secto

r,and

to su

ppor

tdem

ocra

tisat

ion an

d und

er-

pin th

e rul

e of l

aw;a

nd

Haiti


8

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

•Ad

optio

n of R

esolu

tion 8

22 by

the

Orga

niza

tion o

f Am

erica

n Sta

tes (

OAS)

on 4

Sept

embe

r 200

2,an

d its

imple

men

tatio

n by

Haiti

•St

reng

then

ing o

f dem

ocra

tic in

stitu

tions

,in

cludin

g poli

tical

parti

es•

Form

ation

of a

new

Prov

ision

al Ele

ctora

l Co

uncil

(CEP

)•

Esta

blish

men

tby t

he C

EP of

an El

ecto

ral

Guar

ante

es Co

mm

ission

(CGE

)•

Deve

lopm

enta

nd im

plem

enta

tion o

f a co

m-

preh

ensiv

e disa

rmam

entp

rogr

amm

e•

Prom

otion

of N

ation

al Di

alogu

e (Go

vern

men

t,po

litica

l par

ties,N

SAs)

•De

velop

men

tof a

n ind

epen

dent

polic

e ins

titu-

tion a

nd se

curit

y plan

for t

he re

stora

tion o

f acli

mat

e of s

ecur

ity•

Prep

arat

ions f

or le

gislat

ive an

d loc

al ele

ction

s

•Pr

epar

ation

s for

the 9

thED

F pro

gram

min

g,bu

tno

notif

icatio

n of t

he al

locat

ion of

reso

urce

s.

On 23

Janu

ary 2

002,

Haiti

was

info

rmed

of th

e EU'

s dec

i-sio

n to m

ainta

in an

d ext

end t

he ap

prop

riate

mea

sure

sta

ken o

n 29 J

anua

ry 20

01 fo

r ano

ther

year

(1+1

),and

tore

view

it,in

the a

bsen

ce of

an ag

reem

entb

etwe

en th

epa

rties

,by D

ecem

ber 2

002.

This

decis

ion up

holds

a pr

evi-

sion d

ecisi

on no

tto m

ake a

vaila

ble th

e 2nd

tran

che o

fth

e 8th

EDF,s

uspe

nsion

of di

rect

budg

etaid

,redir

ectio

nof

rem

ainin

g fun

ds to

proje

cts th

atar

e of d

irect

bene

fitto

the H

aitian

peop

le,an

d no n

otifi

catio

n of t

he 9t

hED

Fall

ocat

ion.

The E

U ind

icate

d tha

tas s

oon a

s an a

gree

men

tbet

ween

the t

wo si

des i

s sign

ed,a

ll the

coop

eratio

n ins

trum

ents

affec

ted b

y the

mea

sures

decid

ed on

29 Ja

nuar

y 200

1 will

grad

ually

be re

activ

ated

on th

e bas

is of

crisi

s exit

indica

-to

rs.

On 21

Janu

ary 2

003,

the E

U inf

orm

ed H

aiti o

f its d

ecisi

onto

revie

w th

e dec

ision

of 21

Janu

ary 2

002,

and d

ecide

d to

adjus

tthe

appr

opria

te m

easu

res a

s foll

ows:

•Re

direc

tion o

f the

rem

aining

fund

s of t

he 1s

t 8th

EDF

tranc

he an

d pro

vision

of th

e 2nd

tranc

he un

der t

he 8t

hED

F for

prog

ram

mes

that

are o

f dire

ctbe

nefit

to th

eHa

itian

peop

le,to

stre

ngth

en ci

vil so

ciety

and t

he pr

i-va

te se

ctor a

nd to

supp

ortd

emoc

ratisa

tion,

the

stren

gthe

ning o

f the

rule

of la

w an

d the

elec

tora

lpr

oces

s;an

d•

The a

lloca

tion o

f res

ource

s for

the 9

thED

F will

notb

eno

tified

and t

he co

rresp

ondin

g NIP

will n

otbe

sign

edwh

ile th

is De

cision

is va

lid.


9

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

•Ch

ange

of G

over

nmen

t•

New

Inter

im G

over

nmen

t•

Disc

ussio

ns be

twee

n the

Inte

rim G

over

nmen

tan

d the

Euro

pean

Com

miss

ion in

Brus

sels

on12

May

2004

•

Com

mitm

ents

by th

e Int

erim

Gov

ernm

entt

oim

prov

e the

hum

an ri

ghts

situa

tion,

esta

blish

-m

ento

f dem

ocra

tic pr

incip

les ,i

nclu

ding t

heho

lding

of fr

ee an

d fair

elec

tions

,the r

ule o

flaw

and g

ood g

over

nanc

e

Furth

erm

ore,

the E

U sta

ted t

hati

t'will

follo

w fu

rther

deve

lopm

ents

in th

e dem

ocrat

isatio

n pro

cess

clos

ely,in

parti

cular

the a

chiev

emen

tof t

he st

eps t

owar

ds ge

neral

and l

ocal

electi

ons,s

uch a

s the

cons

titut

ion of

the p

rovi-

siona

l elec

toral

coun

cil an

d the

setti

ng up

of an

elec

toral

guara

ntee

s com

mitt

ee.D

ecisi

ons o

n the

grad

ual re

activ

a-tio

n of t

he co

opera

tion i

nstru

men

ts aff

ecte

d by t

hese

mea

sures

will

be ta

ken o

n the

basis

of th

e adv

ance

men

tof

the e

lecto

ral pr

oces

s and

in th

e ligh

tof t

he re

sum

ption

ofth

e coo

perat

ion w

ith th

e int

erna

tiona

l fina

ncial

insti

tu-

tions

'.

On 22

Dec

embe

r 200

3,Ha

iti w

as in

form

ed by

the E

U of

its

inten

tion t

o rev

iew th

e dec

ision

of 21

Janu

ary 2

003,

and t

oals

o rev

iew th

e app

ropr

iate m

easu

res ac

cord

ingly.

To th

isen

d,th

e foll

owing

was

decid

ed:

•Re

-dire

ction

of th

e rem

aining

9th E

DF fu

nds t

o pro

-gr

amm

es th

atar

e of d

irect

bene

fitto

the H

aitian

peop

le,to

stren

gthe

n civi

l soc

iety a

nd th

e priv

ate s

ecto

r,and

tosu

ppor

tdem

ocrat

isatio

n,str

engt

henin

g of t

he ru

le of

law an

d the

elec

toral

proc

ess;

and

•De

cision

on th

e not

ificat

ion of

the 9

thED

F allo

catio

n,pr

ogram

ming

and s

ignat

ure w

ill be

take

n on t

he ba

sis of

the i

mple

men

tatio

n of t

he O

AS Re

solut

ion 82

2.

On 01

Octo

ber 2

004,

the E

U co

nvey

ed it

s dec

ision

to re

view

the a

ppro

priat

e mea

sures

as fo

llows

:•

Re-d

irecti

on of

the r

emain

ing fu

nds u

nder

the 8

thED

F to

prog

ramm

es th

atar

e of d

irect

bene

fitto

the H

aitian

peop

le,to

stren

gthe

n civi

l soc

iety a

nd th

e priv

ate s

ecto

r;•

Alloc

ation

of re

sour

ces u

nder

the 9

thED

F,and

to co

m-

men

ce w

ith di

scus

sions

on th

e pro

gram

ming

of th

ese

resou

rces;

•Sig

natu

re of

the N

IP is

fores

een f

ollow

ing na

tiona

l elec

-tio

ns in

acco

rdan

ce w

ith O

AS Re

solut

ion 82

2;an

d•

Cont

ribut

ions t

o reg

ional

proje

cts,o

perat

ions o

f hum

ani-

taria

n nat

ure a

nd tr

ade c

oope

ration

are n

otaff

ecte

d.


10

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

Augu

st20

00

Sept

embe

r20

01

Coup

d'ét

at

Viola

tions

ofhu

man

righ

ts,de

moc

ratic

prin

-cip

les,ru

le of

law an

d ser

ious

case

s of c

orru

p-tio

n

•Ge

nera

l elec

tion d

urin

g Aug

ust2

001

•Fo

rmat

ion of

a ne

w Go

vern

men

t•

Hosti

ng of

the 3

rdSu

mm

itof

ACP

Hea

ds of

Stat

e and

Gov

ernm

entd

urin

g Jul

y 200

2•

Com

pletio

n of 9

thED

F Pro

gram

min

g

•Th

e ACP

Gro

up to

ok no

te of

rece

ntpo

litica

lde

velop

men

ts,in

cludin

g the

appo

intm

ento

f ane

w Pr

eside

nt,w

hich

migh

tlea

d to t

he no

r-m

alisa

tion o

f the

relat

ionsh

ip wi

th th

e EU.

Relat

ions n

orm

alise

d

EU

mea

ures

appli

cable

Susp

ensio

n of c

oope

ratio

n,no

tably

proje

cts un

der t

he 7t

han

d 8th

EDF,a

nd th

e not

ifica

tion o

f the

9th

EDF a

lloca

-tio

n.

Afte

r the

conc

lusio

n of t

he co

nsul

tatio

ns,th

e EU

decid

edon

the f

ollow

ing a

ppro

priat

e mea

sure

s:

•Six

mon

thly

polit

ical r

eview

s;•

Imple

men

tatio

n of c

urre

ntpr

ojects

unde

r Arti

cle 72

ofth

e Par

tner

ship

Agre

emen

t(Eu

ro 25

milli

on to

mee

tne

eds o

f disp

laced

perso

ns);

•Pr

ovisi

on of

insti

tutio

nal s

uppo

rtan

d the

cont

inua

tion

of re

giona

l pro

jects;

•Di

vision

of th

e 8th

EDF N

IP int

o two

insta

lmen

ts -

imple

men

tatio

n of 1

stin

stalm

entl

inke

d to p

rogr

ess i

nre

storin

g dem

ocra

tic st

ructu

res,a

nd im

plem

enta

tion o

f2n

d ins

talm

entl

inke

d and

cond

ition

al to

the h

oldin

g of

free e

lectio

ns in

2003

;•

Supp

ortf

or el

ectio

ns w

ill be

subje

ctto

com

plian

cewi

th no

rmal

cond

ition

s for

the h

oldin

g of f

ree a

nd fa

irele

ction

s;•

Notif

icatio

n of t

he 9t

hED

F will

be m

ade o

nce f

ree a

ndfa

ir ele

ction

s hav

e tak

en pl

ace;

and

•Eu

rope

an Co

mm

ission

to co

ntin

ue to

exer

cise t

he fu

nc-

tion o

f NAO

until

the i

mple

men

tatio

n of t

he 2n

d ins

tal-

men

tof t

he 8t

hED

F NIP.

Fiji

Liber

ia


11

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

On 27

Aug

ust2

003 t

he EU

decid

ed to

prov

ide fi

nanc

ialsu

ppor

tto a

peac

e-ke

epin

g ope

ratio

n in L

iberia

and t

om

ake f

unds

avail

able

for o

ther

mea

sure

s to a

ccom

pany

the p

eace

proc

ess o

nce a

com

preh

ensiv

e pea

ce ag

ree-

men

thas

been

reac

hed a

nd si

gned

.Fur

ther

itals

o dec

id-ed

on th

e foll

owin

g:

•Six

mon

thly

polit

ical r

eview

s;•

Cont

inua

tion o

f the

imple

men

tatio

n of c

urre

ntpr

ojects

unde

r Arti

cle 72

of th

e Par

tner

ship

Agre

emen

t(Eu

ro 25

milli

on to

mee

tnee

ds of

disp

laced

perso

ns);

•Pr

ovisi

on of

insti

tutio

nal s

uppo

rtan

d the

cont

inua

tion

of re

giona

l pro

jects,

oper

ation

s of a

hum

anita

rian

natu

re,tr

ade c

oope

ratio

n and

trad

e-re

lated

pref

er-

ence

s;•

Susp

ensio

n of C

hapt

er 1 o

f Ann

ex 4

of th

e Par

tner

ship

Agre

emen

t(Ba

lance

s rem

ainin

g for

Libe

ria fr

om th

e8t

hED

F sha

ll be a

vaila

ble fo

r im

plem

enta

tion (

peac

eke

epin

g);

•No

tifica

tion o

f the

9th

EDF w

ill be

mad

e onc

e the

com

-pr

ehen

sive p

eace

agre

emen

tis i

n for

ce an

d the

sign

a-to

ry pa

rties

to th

e agr

eem

enth

ave s

hown

the c

omm

it-m

entt

o im

plem

entt

he ag

reem

ent;a

nd•

Euro

pean

Com

miss

ion to

cont

inue

to ex

ercis

e the

func

-tio

n of N

AO an

d the

cont

inua

tion o

f poli

tical

dialog

ueun

der A

rticle

8 of

the A

CP-EU

Partn

ersh

ip Ag

reem

ent.

On 23

Dec

embe

r 200

4,Lib

eria

was i

nfor

med

that

the E

Uwi

ll ext

end i

ts de

cision

of 25

Aug

ust2

003 f

or a

perio

d of

18 m

onth

s.Po

litica

l dial

ogue

wou

ld co

ntin

ue un

der

Artic

le 8 o

f the

Coto

nou A

gree

men

t,and

EU su

ppor

tfor

the p

eace

proc

ess a

nd th

e res

ults

Focu

sed T

rans

ition

alFra

mew

ork s

hall c

ontin

ue.


12

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

Janu

ary

2002

Viola

tion o

fhu

man

righ

ts,de

moc

ratic

prin-

ciples

,and

the

rule

of la

w

•Zim

babw

e exp

laine

d tha

tthe

re w

as no

viola

-tio

n of h

uman

righ

ts,de

moc

ratic

prin

ciples

and t

he ru

le of

law,

and t

hatt

he EU

was

accu

sing t

he co

untry

of su

ch tr

ansg

ress

ions

simply

as a

cove

r to p

unish

the G

over

nmen

tfo

r the

redis

tribu

tion o

f lan

d fro

m th

e whi

tem

inor

ity to

the m

ajorit

y blac

k pop

ulat

ion.

•On

1 Feb

ruar

y 200

2,th

e Gov

ernm

ento

f the

Repu

blic o

f Zim

babw

e inf

orm

ed th

e EU

of it

sde

cision

to in

voke

the p

rovis

ions o

f Arti

cle 98

of th

e Cot

onou

Agr

eem

enta

nd de

clare

d a di

s-pu

te be

twee

n the

Repu

blic o

f Zim

babw

e and

the E

urop

ean U

nion

.

•Fo

llowi

ng th

e im

posit

ion of

EU sa

nctio

ns,

Zimba

bwe r

ecipr

ocat

ed by

impo

sing "

smar

tsa

nctio

ns" o

n 9 N

ovem

ber 2

002 o

n Mem

bers

of th

e Brit

ish Ca

binet

,Hea

ds of

Briti

shGo

vern

men

tDep

artm

ents,

mem

bers

of th

eSh

adow

Cabin

et,th

e lea

der o

f the

oppo

sition

party

,cer

tain

Briti

sh M

EPs,i

nclu

ding M

rs.G.

Kinn

ock,

Patro

ns of

the Z

imba

bwe D

emoc

ratic

Trust,

Boar

d of G

over

nors

of th

e Wes

tmin

ster

Fund

for D

emoc

racy

,Mem

bers

of th

eInt

erna

tiona

l Cris

is Gr

oup,

Staf

f of S

W Ra

dioAf

rica a

nd Vo

ice of

the P

eople

Radio

.The

asse

ts of

conc

erne

d ind

ividu

als in

Zim

babw

ewe

re al

so fr

ozen

.

EU

mea

ures

appli

cable

On 19

Febr

uary

2002

,the E

U co

nvey

ed to

Zim

babw

e its

decis

ion to

conc

lude

the c

onsu

ltatio

ns,a

nd to

take

the

follo

wing

appr

opria

te m

easu

res,w

ithin

the m

eani

ng of

Artic

le 96

(2)(c)

of th

e Cot

onou

Agr

eem

ent:

•Su

spen

sion o

f the

budg

etar

y sup

port

unde

rZim

babw

e's 7t

h and

8th E

DF N

ation

al In

dicat

ivePr

ogra

mm

es (N

IP's);

•Su

spen

sion o

f fin

ancia

l sup

port

for a

ll pro

jects,

exce

ptth

ose i

n dire

ctsu

ppor

tof t

he po

pulat

ion;

•Re

-orie

ntat

ion of

fina

ncial

supp

ortt

o ass

istth

e pop

u-lat

ion;

•Su

spen

sion o

f the

sign

atur

e of t

he 9t

hED

F NIP;

•Su

spen

sion o

f Ann

ex 2

of A

rticle

12 of

the C

oton

ouAg

reem

enti

nsof

ar as

requ

ired f

or th

e app

licat

ion of

restr

ictive

mea

sure

s ado

pted

on th

e bas

is of

the T

reat

yes

tabli

shin

g the

EC;a

nd

•Ev

aluat

ion of

regio

nal p

rojec

ts on

a ca

se-b

y-cas

e bas

is.

Furth

erm

ore,

the E

U,in

addit

ion to

the a

fore

men

tione

dm

easu

res,d

ecide

d to i

mple

men

t(no

ttak

en w

ithin

the

fram

ewor

k of t

he Co

tono

u Agr

eem

ent):

•An

emba

rgo o

n the

sale,

supp

ly or

tran

sfer o

f arm

s and

of te

chni

cal a

dvice

,ass

istan

ce or

train

ing r

elate

d to

milit

ary a

ctivit

ies,a

nd th

e sale

or su

pply

of eq

uipm

ent

which

coul

d be u

sed f

or in

tern

al re

pres

sion;

and

•A

trave

l ban

on pe

rsons

who

enga

ge in

serio

us vi

ola-

tions

of hu

man

righ

ts an

d of t

he fr

eedo

m of

opin

ion,o

fas

socia

tion a

nd of

peac

eful

asse

mbly

in Zi

mba

bwe,

and

a fre

ezin

g of t

heir

fund

s,oth

er fi

nanc

ial as

sets

or ec

o-no

mic

reso

urce

s.

Zimba

bwe


13

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

20 M

arch

1990

•Vi

olatio

ns of

hum

an ri

ghts,

dem

ocra

tisa-

tion a

nd ru

leof

law

•Re

lation

s with

neigh

bour

ing

coun

tries

•Te

rroris

m•

Suda

nese

peac

e pro

cess

•M

ission

to Zi

mba

bwe b

y ACP

mem

bers

of th

eAC

P-EU

JPA (S

epte

mbe

r 200

3).Th

e rep

orto

nth

e miss

ion [A

CP/2

3/06

6/03

] dat

ed 17

Sept

embe

r 200

3 was

disp

uted

by EU

mem

bers

of th

e ACP

-EU Jo

intPa

rliam

enta

ry A

ssem

bly(JP

A) du

ring i

ts 6t

hSe

ssion

held

in Ro

me,

Italy

durin

g the

perio

d 11 -

15 O

ctobe

r 200

3.

•By

lette

r of 7

June

2004

,the G

over

nmen

tof

Zimba

bwe i

nfor

med

the A

CP Co

mm

ittee

ofAm

bass

ador

s (Co

A) of

Zim

babw

e's de

cision

tore

voke

its i

nvoc

ation

of A

rticle

98 of

the

Coto

nou A

gree

men

tgive

n the

ongo

ing r

eview

of th

e poli

tical

dimen

sions

of th

e Agr

eem

ent.

•Th

e ACP

Gro

up in

form

ed th

e EU

acco

rdin

gly of

Zimba

bwe's

decis

ion.

•Po

licies

to re

form

the e

cono

my a

nd de

term

i-na

tion t

o add

ress

the i

nter

nal c

onfli

ct•

Suda

n-EU

polit

ical d

ialog

ue to

addr

ess t

heSu

dane

se pe

ace p

roce

ss,de

moc

racy

,hum

anrig

hts,r

ule o

f law

,and

good

gove

rnan

ce•

Vario

us D

eclar

ation

s att

he A

CP-EU

Joint

Parli

amen

tary

Ass

embly

(JPA

) and

ACP

Coun

cilof

Min

ister

s•

ACP-E

U JPA

Fact-

findin

g miss

ion to

Suda

n (26

June

- 2 Ju

ly 20

01)

•Re

solu

tion o

n the

resu

mpt

ion of

deve

lopm

ent

coop

erat

ion be

twee

n the

EU an

d cer

tain

ACP

Signi

ng of

the

Coun

try Su

ppor

tSt

rate

gy pa

per

unde

r the

9th

EDF

on 24

Janu

ary 2

005,

which

mar

ks th

eno

rmali

satio

n of

relat

ions w

ith th

eEU

On 19

Febr

uary

2003

,the E

U co

nvey

ed to

Zim

babw

e its

decis

ion to

exte

nd th

e afo

rem

entio

ned a

ppro

priat

e and

othe

r res

tricti

ve m

easu

res.

On 19

Febr

uary

2004

,Zim

babw

e was

info

rmed

by th

e EU

of it

s dec

ision

nott

o rev

oke t

he ap

prop

riate

mea

sure

sta

ken i

n acc

orda

nce w

ith A

rticle

96(2)

(c) du

ring F

ebru

ary

2002

.The

EU al

so st

ated

in it

s let

ter t

hatt

he m

easu

res

will o

nly b

e rev

oked

once

cond

ition

s pre

vail w

hich

ensu

rere

spec

tfor

hum

an ri

ghts,

dem

ocra

tic pr

incip

les an

d the

rule

of la

w.Th

e EU

info

rmed

Zim

babw

e tha

titr

eser

ves

the r

ightt

o tak

e add

ition

al re

strict

ive m

easu

res.

On 18

Febr

uary

2005

the E

U in

form

ed Zi

mba

bwe o

f its

decis

ion to

exte

nd th

e per

iod of

appli

catio

n of a

ppro

pri-

ate m

easu

res u

ntil 2

0 Fe

brua

ry 20

06.F

urth

erm

ore,

the

EU st

ated

that

thes

e mea

sure

s will

be re

viewe

d on t

heba

sis of

an in

-dep

th as

sess

men

tof t

he si

tuat

ion in

the

light

of th

e Par

liam

enta

ry el

ectio

n sch

edul

ed to

take

place

in Zi

mba

bwe a

tthe

end o

f Mar

ch 20

05.

Susp

ensio

n of p

rogr

amm

ing u

nder

Lom

é IV,

inclu

ding t

heba

lance

s of L

omé I

I & III

,and

with

holdi

ng ST

ABEX

tran

s-fe

rs.

Suda

n


14

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

Stat

es,in

cludin

g Sud

an ad

opte

d by t

he 3r

dSu

mm

itof

ACP

Hea

ds of

Stat

e and

Go

vern

men

tin N

adi,F

iji Isl

ands

durin

g the

pe

riod 1

8 - 19

July

2002

•EU

Troik

a mee

ting w

ith th

e Sud

anes

e aut

hori-

ties (

9 - 10

Dec

embe

r 200

2) an

d agr

eem

ento

nth

e ces

satio

n of h

ostil

ities

and u

nim

pede

dhu

man

itaria

n acc

ess

•Te

rroris

m - f

ull c

oope

ratio

n with

the U

SA,

leads

to th

e sat

isfac

tion o

f the

EU-P

eace

proc

ess -

prog

ress

unde

r GAD

fram

ewor

k•

Relat

ions w

ith ne

ighbo

urin

g cou

ntrie

s -im

prov

emen

tlea

d to e

cono

mic

integ

ratio

n(Li

bya a

nd Ch

ad),a

nd m

ilitar

y coo

pera

tion

with

Uga

nda

•De

moc

ratis

ation

,rule

of la

w an

d hum

anrig

hts -

mul

tiplic

ity of

polit

ical p

artie

rs,Co

nstit

ution

,dem

ocra

ticall

y elec

ted

Gove

rnm

ent,

•Pr

eside

ntial

and p

arlia

men

tary

elec

tions

,non

-sta

te ac

tor p

artic

ipatio

n,an

d fre

e pre

ss

•AC

P Min

ister

ial Tr

oika v

isitt

o Sud

an du

ring

the p

eriod

4 - 1

0 De

cem

ber 2

004

•Sig

ning

of th

e Pea

ce A

gree

men

tbet

ween

the

Gove

rnm

ento

f Sud

an an

d the

SPLA

/SPL

M on

9 Jan

uary

2005


15

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

12 Ju

ne20

03

20 Ju

ly20

04

Coup

d'ét

at

Non-

respe

ctof

the e

ssent

ial el

e-m

ents

seto

utin

Artic

le 9 o

f he C

oton

ouAg

reem

ent

•Es

tabli

shm

ento

f a Fo

llow-

up Co

mm

ittee

•Fa

ct-fin

ding m

ission

of th

e ACP

Gro

up•

Repo

rtby

the C

AR au

thor

ities

to th

e EU

on th

eim

plem

enta

tion o

f com

mitm

ents

mad

e dur

-in

g the

Cons

ulta

tions

•Pr

eside

ntial

and l

egisl

ative

elec

tions

on 1

3M

arch

and 0

8 may

2005

,resp

ectiv

ely

•Un

derta

king b

y the

Gov

ernm

ento

f the

Repu

blic o

f Gui

nea t

o ful

ly co

oper

ate w

ith th

eEU

to no

rmali

se th

e situ

ation

in re

lation

toth

e ess

entia

l elem

ents

of th

e Cot

onou

Agre

emen

t

•M

ission

by th

e ACP

Com

mitt

ee of

Amba

ssad

ors t

o Con

akry

on 0

4 Jun

e 200

4

Resu

mpt

ion of

full

and c

omple

te co

op-

eratio

n as f

rom

1 July

2005

EU

mea

sure

s app

licab

le

By le

tter o

f 19 N

ovem

ber 2

003,

the C

ounc

il of t

heEu

rope

an U

nion

and t

he Eu

rope

an Co

mm

ission

info

rmed

the C

AR of

its d

ecisi

on to

conc

lude

cons

ulta

tions

and t

oint

rodu

ce as

appr

opria

te m

easu

res u

nder

Arti

cle 96

(2)(c)

the p

artia

l sus

pens

ion of

coop

erat

ion an

d the

prog

ress

iveco

ntin

uatio

n of o

ther

area

s of c

oope

ratio

n to s

uppo

rtth

eef

forts

of th

e CAR

auth

oriti

es on

the b

asis

of ac

tual

com

-m

itmen

ts.

The E

U als

o res

erve

d the

righ

tto r

educ

e the

9th

EDF a

llo-

catio

n to t

he CA

R by 2

0% a

year

in th

e eve

ntof

the n

on-

fulfi

lmen

tof t

he co

mm

itmen

ts m

ade b

y the

CAR a

utho

ri-tie

s.

By le

tter o

f 20

April

2005

,the E

U in

form

ed th

e Rep

ublic

of G

uine

a of i

ts de

cision

to co

nclu

de co

nsul

tatio

ns,a

ndto

intro

duce

the f

ollow

ing a

ppro

priat

e mea

sure

s und

erAr

ticle

96(2)

(c) o

f the

Coto

nou A

gree

men

t:•C

oope

ratio

n fin

ance

d fro

m th

e une

xpen

ded b

alanc

esof

the 6

th,7

than

d 8th

EDFs

dire

cted t

owar

ds th

eim

plem

enta

tion o

f und

erta

kings

with

in th

e con

text

ofth

e con

sulta

tions

,in pa

rticu

lar de

cent

ralis

ation

,libe

ral-

isatio

n of t

he m

edia

and g

ood e

cono

mic

gove

rnan

ce,

will c

ontin

ue;

•Coo

pera

tion f

inan

ced f

rom

Enve

lope B

of th

e 9th

EDF

will c

ontin

ue fo

r the

imple

men

tatio

n of p

rogr

amm

esdir

ectly

aim

ed at

impr

ovin

g the

livin

g con

dition

s of t

hem

ostd

isadv

anta

ged s

ectio

ns of

the p

opul

ation

or vi

c-tim

s of t

he su

b-re

giona

l poli

tical

crisis

;

Cent

ral A

frica

n Rep

ublic

Repu

blic o

f Guin

ea


16

DATE

OF

OPEN

ING/

SANC

TIONS

EU RE

ASON

SEU

MEA

SURE

S M

EASU

RES I

MPL

EMEN

TED

BY A

CP ST

ATE A

ND A

CP G

ROUP

STAT

US

•Gu

inea

n aut

horit

ies in

itiat

ing t

he fo

llowi

ngac

tions

:(1)

Resu

mpt

ion of

polit

ical d

ialog

ue w

ith po

lit-

ical r

epre

sent

ative

s with

a vie

w to

revis

ing

electo

ral a

rrang

emen

ts;(2)

Esta

blish

men

tof a

n int

er-p

arty

coor

dina-

tion o

ffice

to fa

cilita

te di

alogu

e;(3)

Org

anisa

tion o

f loc

al ele

ction

s in J

une

2005

;(4

) Ste

ppin

g up t

he pr

oces

s of d

ecen

tralis

a-tio

n;(5)

Conf

irmat

ion of

decis

ion to

orga

nise

parli

a-m

enta

ry el

ectio

ns in

June

2007

;(6

) Con

firm

ation

of a

timet

able

for t

he lib

eral-

isatio

n of t

he ai

rwav

es,to

take

effe

ctin

June

2005

;and

(7) Co

nfirm

ation

of se

ctora

l ref

orm

s in t

hefie

ld of

mac

roec

onom

ic m

anag

emen

tin c

on-

junc

tion w

ith a

timet

able

for i

mple

men

tatio

n.

•Pr

ogram

mes

to st

rengt

hen c

ivil s

ociet

y,res

pect

for,a

ndrei

nfor

cem

ento

f dem

ocrac

y,hum

an rig

hts a

nd go

odgo

vern

ance

and t

he em

ergen

ce or

cons

olida

tion o

f free

med

ia m

ay al

so be

supp

orte

d;•

Cont

ribut

ions t

o reg

ional

proje

cts w

ill be

cons

idered

on a

case

-by-c

ase b

asis;

•Hu

man

itaria

n ope

ration

s,trad

e coo

perat

ion an

d trad

e-lin

ked p

refere

nces

will

be co

ntinu

ed;

•Su

ppor

tfor

the p

repara

tion o

f elec

tions

,onc

e elec

toral

arran

gem

ents

guara

ntee

ing a

trans

paren

tand

dem

o-cra

tic el

ecto

ral pr

oces

s,bas

ed on

the D

eclar

ation

on th

epr

incipl

es G

over

ning D

emoc

ratic

Electi

ons i

n Afri

ca,h

ave

been

esta

blish

ed;

•Re

ducti

on of

the 9

thED

F by E

uro 6

5 milli

on in

acco

r-da

nce w

ith th

e MTR

;•

Finali

satio

n of t

he CS

S and

NIP,

whils

tthe

sign

ing an

dim

plem

enta

tion w

ill ta

ke pl

ace o

nce s

uffic

ientp

rogr

ess

has b

een n

oted

in th

e im

plem

enta

tion o

f the

unde

rtak-

ings g

iven b

y Guin

ea,in

parti

cular

the h

olding

of fr

eean

d tran

spar

ente

lectio

ns.T

he EU

will

base

its a

ssess-

men

ton w

heth

er:(1)

Free

and t

ransp

aren

tloc

al ele

ction

have

been

held

and d

uly el

ecte

d loc

al au

thor

ity ex

ecu-

tives

have

take

n offi

ce;a

nd(2)

Elec

toral

arran

gem

ents

and o

perat

ional

requir

emen

ts fo

r par

liam

enta

ry ele

c-tio

ns (in

cludin

g the

date

of th

e elec

tions

),bas

ed on

the

Decla

ration

on th

e Prin

ciples

Gov

ernin

g Dem

ocrat

icEle

ction

s in A

frica

have

been

esta

blish

ed w

ithin

the

fram

ewor

k of p

olitic

al dia

logue

with

the o

ppos

ition

force

s.•

Regu

lar re

views

will

be co

nduc

ted b

y the

Pres

idenc

y of

the E

U an

d the

Euro

pean

Com

miss

ion,th

e firs

tto b

ehe

ld wi

thin

the n

exts

ix m

onth

s;an

d•

The E

U wi

ll con

tinue

mon

itorin

g the

situ

ation

in G

uinea

close

ly fo

r a pe

riod o

f 36 m

onth

s,and

an en

hanc

ed po

lit-

ical d

ialog

ue w

ithin

the f

ramew

ork o

f Arti

cle 8

of th

eCo

tono

u Agr

eem

entw

ill be

cond

ucte

d.

The European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM) aims to improve inter-national cooperation between Europe and countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific.

Created in 1986 as an independent foundation, the Centre’s objectives are:• to enhance the capacity of public and private actors in ACP and other low-income

countries; and • to improve cooperation between development partners in Europe and the ACP Region.

The Centre focuses on four interconnected themes:• Development Policy and EU External Action• ACP-EU Economic and Trade Cooperation• Multi-Actor Partnerships and Governance• Development Cooperation and Capacity

The Centre collaborates with other organisations and has a network of contributors in theEuropean and the ACP countries. Knowledge, insight and experience gained from processfacilitation, dialogue, networking, infield research and consultations are widely shared withtargeted ACP and EU audiences through international conferences, focussed briefingsessions, electronic media and key publications.

ECDPM Discussion PapersThe ECDPM Discussion Papers report on work in progress at the European Centre forDevelopment Policy Management. They are circulated among practitioners, researchers andpolicy-makers who are invited to contribute to and comment on the Discussion Papers.Comments, suggestions, and requests for further copies should be sent to the address below.Opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent the views of ECDPM or its partners.

The European Centre for Development Policy ManagementJacquie DiasOnze Lieve Vrouweplein 216221 HE Maastricht, The NetherlandsTel +31 (0)43 350 29 00 Fax +31 (0)43 350 29 02E-mail [email protected] www.ecdpm.org (A pdf file of this paper is available on our website www.ecdpm.org/publications/article96)

ISSN 1571-7569

An ACP Perspective and Overview of Article 96 Cases

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