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This application report provides basic circuits of the Texas Instruments amplifier collection.
Table of Contents1 Basic Circuits..........................................................................................................................................................................32 Signal Generation................................................................................................................................................................. 153 Signal Processing.................................................................................................................................................................244 References............................................................................................................................................................................ 41Revision History.......................................................................................................................................................................41
List of FiguresFigure 1-1. Inverting Amplifier......................................................................................................................................................3Figure 1-2. Non-Inverting Amplifier..............................................................................................................................................3Figure 1-3. Difference Amplifier................................................................................................................................................... 4Figure 1-4. Low-Power Difference Amplifier................................................................................................................................ 4Figure 1-5. Inverting Summing Amplifier..................................................................................................................................... 5Figure 1-6. Non-Inverting Summing Amplifier..............................................................................................................................5Figure 1-7. Inverting Amplifier With High Input Impedance......................................................................................................... 6Figure 1-8. Two-Stage Inverting Amplifier With High Input Impedance....................................................................................... 6Figure 1-9. AC Coupled Non-Inverting Amplifier......................................................................................................................... 7Figure 1-10. Practical Differentiator............................................................................................................................................. 7Figure 1-11. Integrator................................................................................................................................................................. 8Figure 1-12. Current to Voltage Converter (Transimpedance Amplifier)......................................................................................8Figure 1-13. Reference Voltage Generator..................................................................................................................................9Figure 1-14. Neutralizing Input Capacitance to Optimize Response Time.................................................................................. 9Figure 1-15. Threshold Detector for Photodiodes......................................................................................................................10Figure 1-16. Double-Ended Limit Detector................................................................................................................................ 10Figure 1-17. Multiple Aperture Window Discriminator................................................................................................................11Figure 1-18. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting Amplifiers................................................................................................ 12Figure 1-19. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Non-Inverting Amplifiers........................................................................................ 12Figure 1-20. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Voltage Followers.................................................................................................. 13Figure 1-21. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Difference Amplifiers..............................................................................................13Figure 1-22. Offset Voltage Adjustment for Inverting Amplifiers With Source Resistance.........................................................14Figure 2-1. Sine Wave Generator With Low Component Count................................................................................................15Figure 2-2. Sine Wave Generator..............................................................................................................................................15Figure 2-3. Free-Running Multivibrator......................................................................................................................................16Figure 2-4. Function Generator................................................................................................................................................. 16Figure 2-5. Pulse Width Modulator............................................................................................................................................ 17Figure 2-6. Improved Howland Current Pump........................................................................................................................... 18Figure 2-7. Wien Bridge Oscillator With Automatic Gain Control.............................................................................................. 18Figure 2-8. Positive Output Voltage Reference......................................................................................................................... 19Figure 2-9. Buffered Positive Voltage Reference.......................................................................................................................19Figure 2-10. Negative Output Voltage Reference......................................................................................................................20Figure 2-11. Buffered Negative Voltage Reference................................................................................................................... 20Figure 2-12. Current Sink.......................................................................................................................................................... 21Figure 2-13. Current Source...................................................................................................................................................... 21Figure 2-14. Voltage-to-Current Converter With BJT Output.....................................................................................................22Figure 2-15. Voltage-to-Current Converter With Darlington Pair Output................................................................................... 22Figure 2-16. Voltage-to-Current Converter With MOSFET Output............................................................................................ 23Figure 3-1. Instrumentation Amplifier.........................................................................................................................................24
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See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design bydownloading TINA-TI and the schematic. To learn more about *R and how to protect LM358/LM2904 devicesfrom transient current spikes at the input, see [23].
-2.5 V
2.5 V
R1 1k
R2 1k
Vout
-
++
TLV9062
+
Vin
8KQP = l1 + 4241
p8EJ
Figure 1-2. Non-Inverting Amplifier
See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2] for more information. Simulate this design bydownloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Figure 2-1. Sine Wave Generator With Low Component Count
For more information on this configuration, also known as a phase-shift oscillator, see [9] and [10]. Simulate thisdesign by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
GND
R2 150k
R1 16.5k
R3 2.71k
C1 10n
R4 2.71k
C2 10n
R5 2.71k
C3 10n
Vout
-
++
TLV9064
TLV9064
TLV9064
TLV9064
-2.5 V
-2.5 V
-2.5 V
-2.5 V
2.5 V
2.5 V
2.5 V
2.5 V
-
++
-
++
-
++
8 Q42
41
Q 10
.AP 4 = 43 , 44 , 45 =J@ % = %1 , %2 , %3
BKO?EHH=PEKJ = 2è4%
tan(60°)
Figure 2-2. Sine Wave Generator
For more information on this configuration, also known as a buffered phase-shift oscillator, see [9] and [10].Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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For more information on this configuration, see [12]. See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers for moreinformation. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
-15 V
15 V
-15 V
15 V
R1 20k
R2 20k
*R4 15k
+
Vin
C4 10p
R3 10k
*R5 6.2k
R7 22.2kVout
D2 1N914
D1 1N914
R6 18k C2 1u
-
++
OPA2990
-
++
U2 OPA2990
8KQP = 8EJ ,=RC
0 < 8EJ < 8?? F 8&1
'JOQNA 1L #ILO 4AI=EJ EJ .EJA=N 4=JCA
Û 44 =J@ 45 1LPEKJ=H BKN +JLQP $E=O %QNNAJP %=J?AHH=PEKJ
Figure 3-10. AC to DC Converter
For more information on this configuration, see [12]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and theschematic.
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Figure 3-24. Saturating Servo Preamplifier With Rate Feedback
For more information on modeling photodiodes, see [8]. More information on this configuration can be found in[20]. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
15 V
-15 V
T1 2N2905
T2 2N2219
R1 470
R2 470
+
Vin
Vout
-
++
OPA2990
R_Load
Iout
8KQP = 8EJ
31 =J@ 32 +J?NA=OA +KQP
Figure 3-25. Power Booster
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
V-
2.5V
-2.5 V
Rf 1MEG
Vout
Cf 1.6p
-
++
TLV9062D1 �
8KQP = 4B+&
Figure 3-29. Photodiode Amplifier I
For more information on modeling photodiodes, see [8]. See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers or [2]for more information on this circuit. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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For more information on modeling photodiodes, see [8]. See Analog engineer's circuit cookbook: amplifiers formore information on this circuit. Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
-2.5 V
2.5 V
R1 10k
R2 100k
C2 10n
C1 10n Vout
+
Vin
-
++
LM2904LV/
LM358LV
8KQP = :41 + 42;%1O + %1%24142O
2
1 + :41 + 42;%1O + %1%24142O28EJ
Figure 3-31. High Input Impedance AC Follower
Simulate this design by downloading TINA-TI and the schematic.
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4 References1. To learn more about the design of many of these and other amplifier configurations, consult our Analog
engineer's circuit cookbook on amplifiers.2. Alternatively, more information on several of these circuits can be found in our app note entitled, AN-20 an
applications guide for op amps.3. To learn more about the characteristics of amplifiers, common techniques used in amplifier circuit design, and
a variety of other amplifier topics, consult our Texas Instruments Precision Labs video series on amplifiers.4. For specific questions regarding your design, reach out to our engineers via e2e, our online forum.5. For a handy reference guide for your analog designs, check out the Analog Engineer's Pocket Reference
Guide available for free in pdf form.6. Use our Analog Engineer's Calculator to help crunch design equations.7. Check out our Amplifier's Product Page to quickly sort through our products and find the amplifier(s) that best
fit your needs.8. For more information on modeling photodiodes including the model used in this design, see the 1 MHz,
single-supply, photodiode amplifier reference design.9. For more information on sine-wave oscillators, check out TI's app note on the Sine-wave oscillator.10.Alternatively, see our note on the Design of op amp sine wave generators.11.For more on the Howland Current Pump, see AN-1515 a comprehensive study of the Howland current pump.12.For more information on the Precision Diode, Precision Clamp, Half Wave Rectifier, and AC to DC Converter
circuits, see our LB-8 precision AC/DC converters application note.13.More information on the Absolute Value Amplifier can be found in our app note on Precision absolute value
circuits.14.To learn more about Sample-and-Hold configurations, see our application note on the Specifications and
architectures of sample-and-hold amplifiers.15.For more information on Q Notch Filters, see our LB-5 high Q Notch filter on the subject.16.Further analysis of notch filters can be found in our app note on High-speed notch filters.17.For more information on Sallen-Key filter design, see our Analysis of the Sallen-Key architecture application
note on the subject.18.For more information on Low Pass Sallen-Key filter design, see our Active low-pass filter design application
note.19.More information on simulated inductors can be found in our application note entitled, An audio circuit
collection, part 3.20.More information on a variety of circuits can be found in our AN-4 monolithic op amp—the universal linear
component application note.21.To learn more about the theory behind, design of, and simulation of piezoeletric transducers and their
amplifiers, see this Signal conditioning piezoelectric sensors application note.22.Additional information on piezoelectric transducers can be found in our analog applications journal entry,
Signal conditioning for piezoelectric sensors, on the subject.23.For more information on the LM324/LM358 device family and how to properly connect unused inputs, see
Application design guidelines for LM324/LM358 devices.
Revision HistoryNOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision C (March 2019) to Revision D (October 2020) Page• Changed TINA-TI hyperlinks throughout document........................................................................................... 3• Changed Figure 2-3 Free-Running Multivibrator equation............................................................................... 15
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