Amrev

By Donald JohnsonWorld GeographyHastings Ninth Grade Center

Land TransportationLand TransportationThe American colonies in 1775 were sparsely settled and largely rural in character. Only a few centers of population were large enough to be classed as cities. On the eve of the Revolution main roads connected the principal port towns. All important places in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island were connected by stage wagons. Such conveyances provided transportation between Boston and New York as well. Indian trails across New Jersey had been improved to provide routes between Philadelphia and New York City via Burlington and Perth Amboy or by way of Bordentown and New Brunswick.

•After the After the Boston Tea Boston Tea Party the Party the British send British send more troops to more troops to enforce the enforce the Intolerable Intolerable Acts.Acts.

•Colonial Colonial militias militias prepare for prepare for war.war.

British British troop troop deploymedeploymentsnts

The Revolutionary War gets The Revolutionary War gets started - 1775started - 1775

• Paul Revere's Ride • Henry Wadsworth Henry Wadsworth

LongfellowLongfellow

• Lexington and and Concord

• Bunker HillBunker Hill

• Timeline of the of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

British attempt to “search and seize” stolen weapons.First shots of the Revolution in Action

The Shot Heard Round The Shot Heard Round The WorldThe World

"By The Rude Bridge That Arched The Flood,

Their Flag to April's Breeze Unfurled,

Here Once The Embattled Farmers Stood,

And Fired The Shot Heard Round The World."

Minute Man Monument Minute Man Monument at Lexington Greenat Lexington Green

Battle of Battle of ConcordConcordForewarned Forewarned by Paul by Paul Revere, Revere, American American militiamen militiamen fought 800 fought 800 British troops British troops on April 19th, on April 19th, 1775. The 1775. The battle broke battle broke out at out at Concord. Over Concord. Over 200 British 200 British soldiers were soldiers were wounded and wounded and 73 killed. 73 killed.

North BridgeNorth Bridge

•Organized first American army called the Continental Organized first American army called the Continental Army and appointed George Washington as our Army and appointed George Washington as our Commanding General.Commanding General.

•Willing to stay part of the empire but King must “redress Willing to stay part of the empire but King must “redress our grievances”our grievances”

•Congress prepares for war…….Congress prepares for war…….

•Came Came together again together again after the after the battles of battles of Lexington and Lexington and Concord, May Concord, May 10, 1775.10, 1775.

Second Continental Second Continental CongressCongress

The Battle of The Battle of Bunker HillBunker Hill

On On June 17, 1775June 17, 1775, , American troops American troops inflicting casualties on inflicting casualties on nearly half of the nearly half of the British troops British troops dispatched to secure dispatched to secure Breed's Hill (the actual Breed's Hill (the actual site of the battle). site of the battle). African-American African-American soldiers comprised soldiers comprised approximately one-approximately one-third of the rebel third of the rebel troops.troops.

A monument now A monument now stands to the stands to the minutemen of minutemen of BostonBoston

•June 17, 1775June 17, 1775

•The British suffered over The British suffered over 40% casualties.40% casualties.

•2,250 men2,250 men•1,054 injured1,054 injured•226 killed226 killed

•Americans: Moral victory Americans: Moral victory •800 men800 men•140 killed140 killed•271 wounded271 wounded

•King George sends 10,000 King George sends 10,000 HessianHessian soldiers soldiers to help put down the to help put down the rebellion.rebellion.

Battle of Battle of Bunker HillBunker Hill

The Declaration of The Declaration of IndependenceIndependence• In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776 In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776

• When in the Course of human When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected bands which have connected them with another, and to assume them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel declare the causes which impel them to the them to the separation.

Re-enactmentsRe-enactments1st New Market 1st New Market MilitiaMilitiaReformed in 1972 Reformed in 1972 for the US for the US Bicentennial, the Bicentennial, the militia acts as the militia acts as the Foot Guard for the Foot Guard for the Governor of New Governor of New Hampshire, and Hampshire, and helps maintain Fort helps maintain Fort Constitution in Constitution in New Castle, site of New Castle, site of the colonies' first the colonies' first rebellion against rebellion against the King of the King of England. England.

ContinenContinental Armytal Army

•First US Army First US Army made up of made up of volunteers, militias volunteers, militias and Minutemen.and Minutemen.•Initially lacked theInitially lacked thediscipline of a discipline of a professional army.professional army.•Lacked resources, 2nd Continental Congress lacked Lacked resources, 2nd Continental Congress lacked resources to supply army men weren’t paid and some resources to supply army men weren’t paid and some quit after the first few battles.quit after the first few battles.•George Washington chosen as Commanding General.George Washington chosen as Commanding General.•Not an army of professionals but mostly farmers.Not an army of professionals but mostly farmers.

Washington crosses the Washington crosses the DelawareDelaware Dec. 26, 1777

Second Second battle of battle of Trenton - Trenton - 17771777On December 26th, On December 26th, 1777, Washington's 1777, Washington's Nearly defeated Army Nearly defeated Army crossed the Delaware crossed the Delaware and surprised the and surprised the British at Trenton. The main attack was made by British at Trenton. The main attack was made by 2,400 troops under Washington on the 2,400 troops under Washington on the Hessian Garrison. Washington's troops achieved total surprise and defeated the British forces.

Valley Forge - 1777-1778The site of the harsh winter The site of the harsh winter camp of the Continental Army for camp of the Continental Army for the winter of 1777-1778, was a the winter of 1777-1778, was a time of testing, formation, and time of testing, formation, and training for Washington's Army.training for Washington's Army.

Prussian Baron Von Steuben volunteered to train General Washington’s Continental Army at Valley Forge.

Maj. General John Maj. General John “Gentleman “Gentleman Johnnie” Johnnie” BurgoyneBurgoyne

The Battle(s) of Saratoga were The Battle(s) of Saratoga were considered by many considered by many historians to to have been the turning point of the have been the turning point of the American Revolutionary War and and one of the most decisive one of the most decisive battles in in history. The defeat and capture of a history. The defeat and capture of a major British military force in the major British military force in the Saratoga campaign by American Saratoga campaign by American revolutionary forces resulted in revolutionary forces resulted in securing the northern American securing the northern American colonies from attacks out of Canadacolonies from attacks out of Canada

Summer 1777Summer 1777

Saratoga 1777Saratoga 1777Historians consider Historians consider the Battle of the Battle of Saratoga to be the Saratoga to be the major turning point major turning point of the American of the American Revolution. This Revolution. This battle proved to the battle proved to the world that the world that the fledgling American fledgling American army was an army was an effective fighting effective fighting force capable of force capable of defeating the highly defeating the highly trained British trained British forces in a major forces in a major confrontation. confrontation.

This map shows troop movements (British in red) culminating in Burgoyne’s defeat on Sept. 19, 1777.

General Benedict Arnold led a charge General Benedict Arnold led a charge against a British stronghold that changedagainst a British stronghold that changed the direction of battle and also caused him the direction of battle and also caused him a serious leg injury.a serious leg injury.

Burgoyne surrenders to GatesBurgoyne surrenders to Gates

Cowpens - January 17, 1781Cowpens - January 17, 1781

Daniel Morgan’s riflemenDaniel Morgan’s riflemenThe Battle of Cowpens, January 17, 1781, took place in the The Battle of Cowpens, January 17, 1781, took place in the latter part of the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution latter part of the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution and of the Revolution itself. It became known as the turning and of the Revolution itself. It became known as the turning point of the war in the South, leading to Patriot victory at point of the war in the South, leading to Patriot victory at Yorktown. At the Yorktown. At the Cowpens General Daniel Morgan’s unusual General Daniel Morgan’s unusual tactics defeated a crack British regular army under Lieutenant tactics defeated a crack British regular army under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre “Bloody” Tarleton.Colonel Banastre “Bloody” Tarleton.

The American long rifle was more accurate than the The American long rifle was more accurate than the standard smoothbore musket. However, what the standard smoothbore musket. However, what the rifle gained in accuracy, it lost in the rate of fire.rifle gained in accuracy, it lost in the rate of fire. General Daniel MorganGeneral Daniel Morgan

In a stunning reversal of fortune that signaled In a stunning reversal of fortune that signaled the end of fighting in the American colonies, the end of fighting in the American colonies, Charles Lord Cornwallis signed orders Charles Lord Cornwallis signed orders surrendering his British Army to a combined surrendering his British Army to a combined French and American force outside the Virginia French and American force outside the Virginia tobacco port of Yorktown.tobacco port of Yorktown.

YorktownYorktown - 1781 - 1781

The World Turned Upside Down

VirginiVirginiaa

From the Battle at Lexington in 1775 to the From the Battle at Lexington in 1775 to the Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781, war Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781, war raged in the American colonies. The raged in the American colonies. The alliance with France alliance with France helped trap a major helped trap a major British army at Yorktown. British army at Yorktown. These cannons shelled These cannons shelled the British troops the British troops during the siege.during the siege.

End of the End of the Revolutionary Revolutionary War - 1783War - 1783

When Benjamin West began painting the When Benjamin West began painting the signing of the peace treaty (left), he signing of the peace treaty (left), he started confidently with portraits (left to started confidently with portraits (left to right) of John Jay, John Adams, right) of John Jay, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens, and Benjamin Franklin, Henry Laurens, and Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin. Unfortunately for West, the Franklin. Unfortunately for West, the British commissioners refused to pose, British commissioners refused to pose, and the picture was never finished.and the picture was never finished.  

The Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris signed on September 3, signed on September 3, 1783, by Great Britain 1783, by Great Britain and the United States and the United States concluded the American concluded the American Revolution. By its terms, Revolution. By its terms, Great Britain recognized Great Britain recognized its former 13 colonies as its former 13 colonies as the free and sovereign the free and sovereign United States of United States of America. America.

The aftermath of the The aftermath of the RevolutionRevolution “ “The American Revolution was a beginning, not The American Revolution was a beginning, not a consummation.” - a consummation.” - Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Questions to consider:Questions to consider:Was the Revolution really necessary? Did we Was the Revolution really necessary? Did we need to go to war with Great Britain at that need to go to war with Great Britain at that time, or could we have gradually gained all the time, or could we have gradually gained all the freedoms we now have had we just given them freedoms we now have had we just given them time to see their error?time to see their error?

Given that two-thirds of the colonists were Given that two-thirds of the colonists were tories, loyalists to the Crown, many of whom tories, loyalists to the Crown, many of whom fought with the British against their fought with the British against their countrymen, was this just a power grab by a countrymen, was this just a power grab by a Boston elite who simply didn’t want to be given Boston elite who simply didn’t want to be given rules to follow? rules to follow?

Do you suppose slavery would have been Do you suppose slavery would have been abolished sooner had the British remained in abolished sooner had the British remained in control?control?

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