AMPHIBIANS AMPHIBIANS HOLT BIOLOGY HOLT BIOLOGY CH. 30 CH. 30 Pg. 739-750 Pg. 739-750
Apr 01, 2015
AMPHIBIANSAMPHIBIANS
HOLT BIOLOGYHOLT BIOLOGY
CH. 30CH. 30
Pg. 739-750Pg. 739-750
CHARACTERISTIC OF CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANSAMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)LEGS (most)
CHARACTERISTIC OF CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANSAMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)LEGS (most)
• LUNGSLUNGS
CHARACTERISTIC OF CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANSAMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)LEGS (most)
• LUNGSLUNGS
• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION
CHARACTERISTIC OF CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANSAMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)LEGS (most)
• LUNGSLUNGS
• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
CHARACTERISTIC OF CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPHIBIANSAMPHIBIANS
• LEGS (most)LEGS (most)
• LUNGSLUNGS
• DOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE-LOOP CIRCULATION
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
• CUTANEOUS (skin) RESPIRATIONCUTANEOUS (skin) RESPIRATION– Live on land, but must stay close to Live on land, but must stay close to
waterwater
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSEMOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on landgravity on land
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSEMOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on landgravity on land
• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSEMOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on landgravity on land
• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight– HuntingHunting
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSEMOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on landgravity on land
• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight– HuntingHunting– Avoid predatorsAvoid predators
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSEMOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on landgravity on land
• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight– HuntingHunting– Avoid predatorsAvoid predators– Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING
MEMBRANE)MEMBRANE)
MOVEMENT AND RESPONSEMOVEMENT AND RESPONSE
• Strong endoskeleton needed to support Strong endoskeleton needed to support gravity on landgravity on land
• Good sense of hearing and sightGood sense of hearing and sight– HuntingHunting– Avoid predatorsAvoid predators– Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING Eye covered in third eyelid (NICTITATING
MEMBRANE)MEMBRANE)– Inner ear detects sound transmitted through Inner ear detects sound transmitted through
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE-vibration sent through TYMPANIC MEMBRANE-vibration sent through fluid, tiny sensitive hairs then to nervesfluid, tiny sensitive hairs then to nerves
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs– MouthMouth
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs– MouthMouth
• LUNGSLUNGS
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs– MouthMouth
• LUNGSLUNGS– Larval state has gillsLarval state has gills
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs– MouthMouth
• LUNGSLUNGS– Larval state has gillsLarval state has gills– Most adults breathe with lungsMost adults breathe with lungs
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs– MouthMouth
• LUNGSLUNGS– Larval state has gillsLarval state has gills– Most adults breathe with lungsMost adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxideand carbon dioxide
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs– MouthMouth
• LUNGSLUNGS– Larval state has gillsLarval state has gills– Most adults breathe with lungsMost adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxideand carbon dioxide
• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs– MouthMouth
• LUNGSLUNGS– Larval state has gillsLarval state has gills– Most adults breathe with lungsMost adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxideand carbon dioxide
• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)• Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force
waste gas outwaste gas out
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
• Amphibians get oxygen from Amphibians get oxygen from – SkinSkin– LungsLungs– MouthMouth
• LUNGSLUNGS– Larval state has gillsLarval state has gills– Most adults breathe with lungsMost adults breathe with lungs
• Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and Bag-like organ that allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide
• Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)Great surface area (due to folds in tissue)• Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force Lower bottom jaw to draw air in, lift lower jaw to force
waste gas outwaste gas out• 20 times more oxygen than water20 times more oxygen than water
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)•Skin is thin and moistSkin is thin and moist
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)•Skin is thin and moistSkin is thin and moist
•Gases passed right through skinGases passed right through skin
RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION
– SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)SKIN (CUTANEOUS BREATHING)•Skin is thin and moistSkin is thin and moist
•Gases passed right through skinGases passed right through skin
•Mucous glands help keep skin moistMucous glands help keep skin moist
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• More efficient than fishMore efficient than fish
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• More efficient than fishMore efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• More efficient than fishMore efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of
heartheart
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• More efficient than fishMore efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of
heartheart– Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen
poor) in VENTRICLESpoor) in VENTRICLES
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• More efficient than fishMore efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of
heartheart– Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen
poor) in VENTRICLESpoor) in VENTRICLES– SEE PG. 742 DIAGRAMSEE PG. 742 DIAGRAM
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• More efficient than fishMore efficient than fish
• PARTIALLY DIVIDED HEARTPARTIALLY DIVIDED HEART– SEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heartSEPTUM (wall) divides top (ATRIA) of heart– Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen Blood MIXES (oxygen rich and oxygen
poor) in VENTRICLESpoor) in VENTRICLES– SEE PG. 742 DIAGRAMSEE PG. 742 DIAGRAM– Ventricle contracts and sends blood to Ventricle contracts and sends blood to
vessels of rest of bodyvessels of rest of body
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION– See pg. 743 (compare fish to See pg. 743 (compare fish to
amphibians)amphibians)
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION– See pg. 743 (compare fish to See pg. 743 (compare fish to
amphibians)amphibians)– PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich
blood from lungs to heartblood from lungs to heart
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION– See pg. 743 (compare fish to See pg. 743 (compare fish to
amphibians)amphibians)– PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich
blood from lungs to heartblood from lungs to heart– Second loop carries oxygen rich blood Second loop carries oxygen rich blood
from heart to bodyfrom heart to body
CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION
• DOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATIONDOUBLE LOOP CIRCULATION– See pg. 743 (compare fish to See pg. 743 (compare fish to
amphibians)amphibians)– PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich PULMONARY VEINS-carry oxygen rich
blood from lungs to heartblood from lungs to heart– Second loop carries oxygen rich blood Second loop carries oxygen rich blood
from heart to bodyfrom heart to body– High pressureHigh pressure
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANSGROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS
• 3 main groups3 main groups
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANSGROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS
• 3 main groups3 main groups– SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANSGROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS
• 3 main groups3 main groups– SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)– CAECILLIAN (no legs)CAECILLIAN (no legs)
GROUPS OF AMPHIBIANSGROUPS OF AMPHIBIANS
• 3 main groups3 main groups– SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)SALAMANDERS (have legs and tail)– CAECILLIAN (no legs)CAECILLIAN (no legs)– FROGS/TOADS (legs, no tail)FROGS/TOADS (legs, no tail)
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail
MUDPUPPYMUDPUPPY
NEWTNEWT
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail
• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail
• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin
• 400 species400 species
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail
• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin
• 400 species400 species
• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail
• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin
• 400 species400 species
• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist
• Active during nightActive during night
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail
• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin
• 400 species400 species
• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist
• Active during nightActive during night
• Tongues that extend to capture preyTongues that extend to capture prey
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail
• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin
• 400 species400 species
• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist
• Active during nightActive during night
• Tongues that extend to capture preyTongues that extend to capture prey
• Lay eggs in water/moist areasLay eggs in water/moist areas
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail
• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin
• 400 species400 species
• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist
• Active during nightActive during night
• Tongues that extend to capture preyTongues that extend to capture prey
• Lay eggs in water/moist areasLay eggs in water/moist areas
• External fertilizationExternal fertilization
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin• 400 species400 species• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist• Active during nightActive during night• Tongues that extend to capture preyTongues that extend to capture prey• Lay eggs in water/moist areasLay eggs in water/moist areas• External fertilizationExternal fertilization• Female picks up sperm packet and Female picks up sperm packet and
fertilizes selffertilizes self
SALAMANDERSSALAMANDERS
• Long tailLong tail• Smooth, moist skinSmooth, moist skin• 400 species400 species• Need to keep skin moistNeed to keep skin moist• Active during nightActive during night• Tongues that extend to capture preyTongues that extend to capture prey• Lay eggs in water/moist areasLay eggs in water/moist areas• External fertilizationExternal fertilization• Female picks up sperm packet and fertilizes selfFemale picks up sperm packet and fertilizes self• Some retain gills into adulthood (MUD PUPPIES)Some retain gills into adulthood (MUD PUPPIES)
CAECILIANSCAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)aquatic)
CAECILLIANCAECILLIAN
CAECILIANSCAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skinBony scales imbedded in skin
CAECILIANSCAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skinBony scales imbedded in skin
• WormlikeWormlike
CAECILIANSCAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skinBony scales imbedded in skin
• WormlikeWormlike
• Most blindMost blind
CAECILIANSCAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skinBony scales imbedded in skin
• WormlikeWormlike
• Most blindMost blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
CAECILIANSCAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skinBony scales imbedded in skin
• WormlikeWormlike
• Most blindMost blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by preyby prey
CAECILIANSCAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skinBony scales imbedded in skin
• WormlikeWormlike
• Most blindMost blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by preyprey
• Male deposits sperm packet into femaleMale deposits sperm packet into female
CAECILIANSCAECILIANS
• Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)Burrowing amphibians (some aquatic)
• Bony scales imbedded in skinBony scales imbedded in skin
• WormlikeWormlike
• Most blindMost blind
• Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)Teeth capture prey (worms/insects)
• Tentacle to sense chemicals given off by preyTentacle to sense chemicals given off by prey
• Male deposits sperm packet into femaleMale deposits sperm packet into female
• Female guards eggs until hatchedFemale guards eggs until hatched
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin• Male fertilizes eggs externallyMale fertilizes eggs externally
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin• Male fertilizes eggs externallyMale fertilizes eggs externally• TADPOLES hatch from eggsTADPOLES hatch from eggs
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin• Male fertilizes eggs externallyMale fertilizes eggs externally• TADPOLES hatch from eggsTADPOLES hatch from eggs
– Have gills for breathingHave gills for breathing
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin• Male fertilizes eggs externallyMale fertilizes eggs externally• TADPOLES hatch from eggsTADPOLES hatch from eggs
– Have gills for breathingHave gills for breathing– Eat algaeEat algae
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin• Male fertilizes eggs externallyMale fertilizes eggs externally• TADPOLES hatch from eggsTADPOLES hatch from eggs
– Have gills for breathingHave gills for breathing– Eat algaeEat algae– Hind legs developHind legs develop
FROGS/TOADSFROGS/TOADS
• 4,000 species (ANURANS)4,000 species (ANURANS)• Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)Adults are carnivores (eat small prey)• Long sticky tongueLong sticky tongue• Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)Skeleton adapted for jumping (fused lower spine)• Muscular legs for powerMuscular legs for power• Frog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skinFrog-smooth skin, toad-bumpy skin• Male fertilizes eggs externallyMale fertilizes eggs externally• TADPOLES hatch from eggsTADPOLES hatch from eggs
– Have gills for breathingHave gills for breathing– Eat algaeEat algae– Hind legs developHind legs develop– METAMORPHOSISMETAMORPHOSIS