Amoebiasis

AMOEBIASISA PROTOZOAN DIEASE…

INTRODUCTION….

Protozoa are parasites that cause diseases in humans. They are single-celled organism, and can only be seen under a microscope. When they invade a human they are able to multiply easily.

Infections caused by protozoa are contagious. Those protozoa that have inhabited the human intestine can be transmitted from one human to the other via the fecal-oral route, such as through sharing food the infected person has touched and through direct person to person contact.

There are four main groups of protozoa that cause infection in humans. They have been grouped according to how they move: the sarcodina (ameba), mastigophora (flagellates), ciliophora (ciliates) and the Sporozoa.

OTHER EXAMPLES OF

PROTOZOAN DIEASES 1. Amoebiasis(sarcodina)

2. Giardiasis

3. African Sleeping Sickness(tsetse

fly )

4. Leishmaniasis(Leishmania)

5. Toxoplasmosis

6. Malaria( Plasmodium)

7. Babesiosis(Babesia)

8. Trichomoniasis(Trichomonas

vaginalis)

AMOEBIASIS

CAUSED BY…

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA….

LIFE CYCLE..

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Amoebiasis is usually transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

Infection is spread through ingestion of the cyst form of the parasite, a semi-dormant and hardy structure found in feces.

Since amoebiasis is transmitted through contaminated food and water, it is often endemic in regions of the world with limited modern sanitation systems, including México, Central America, western South America, South Asia, and western and southern Africa.

INCUBATION PERIOD

the period between infection and the a

ppearance of signs of a disease.

E histolytica infection is commonly 2-4

weeks but may range from a few days

to years.

SYMPTOMS

Abdominal cramps.

Diarrhea: Passage of 3 to 8 semi formed stools per day, or passage of soft stools with mucus and occasional blood.

Fatigue.

Excessive gas.

Rectal pain while having a bowel movement (tenesmus)

Unintentional weight loss.

TREATMENT

E. histolytica infections occur in both the

intestine and (in people with symptoms)

in tissue of the intestine and/or liver.

anti-amoebic drugs are known

as amoebicides are used …

Tinidazole and metronidazole in the

treatment of intestinal amoebiasis.

PREVENTION… To help prevent the spread of amoebiasis around the home :

Wash hands thoroughly with soap after using the toilet and before handling food.

Clean bathrooms and toilets often; pay particular attention to toilet seats and taps.

Avoid sharing towels or face washers.

To help prevent infection:

Avoid raw vegetables when in endemic areas, as they may have been fertilized using human feces.

Boil water or treat with iodine tablets.

Avoid eating street foods especially in public places

Good sanitary practice, as well as responsible sewage disposal or treatment, are necessary for the prevention of AMOEBIASIS…..