Amjad Umar SESSION : Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications -- Overview Framework for discussion Business drivers: M-Business, M- Government, M-Life.

Amjad Umar

SESSION : Mobile Computing and Wireless

Communications -- Overview

•Framework for discussion •Business drivers: M-Business, M-Government, M-Life•Mobile Applications Platforms to support mobile commerce

Wireless middleware Wireless Networks

Cellular networks: from 1 to 3G Networks Wireless LANsSatellites

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Overview

MobileDevices

WirelessNetworks

Sample Applications

No No Stationary workstations in office

No Yes Wireless LANs to connect office workers in an unwired building

Yes No Using a portable computer in a hotel or conference room

Yes Yes Cellular phones, Palm Pilots, portable offices,

•Growing rapidly with many diverse applications•Many strengths but a few weaknesses

•Different aspects of mobility: •People (customers, suppliers, employees)•Devices (laptops, palm pilots, beepers, PDA, sensors)•Networks: wireless

•Mobile devices and wireless networks are not always same

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The Jargon

M-Business, M-Government

M-Commerce P-Commerce V-Commerce

M-SCMs M-CRMs SMS MMS M-Portal

Symbian WAP MMIT WML VXML J2ME BREW

Mobile IP MANET OMA ITU ETSI FCC

Zigbee UWB FSO Bluetooth WLL DECT HomeRF

Wi-Fi GPRS UMTS 802.11 802.16 802.15 WSN

OFDM FEC TDMA CDMA

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Framework for Discussion

Mobile Business, Government, and Life

Mobile Computing Applications

Mobile Computing Platforms (Wireless Middleware, Mobile IP)

Wireless Networks (Wireless LANs, Cellular Networks,

Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)

•Architectures and Integration

•Wireless Security

•Management and Support

•Wireless Business, Regulations, and Standards

Drivers

Enablers

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Mobile Computing Applications• Enable the business initiatives by supporting mobility of

– Customers– Suppliers and Businesses – Employees

• Mobile computing applications

– Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS)

– Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants• Positional commerce (p-commerce) . • Voice commerce (v-commerce). • Television commerce (T-Commerce)

– Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g., M-CRM, M-portal

– Specialized applications• Location sensitive apps

• Wireless sensor network apps

• Mobile agent apps

• Two views: – Mobile applications are fundamentally new applications.– Mobility is another dimension of the existing applications

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Mobile Computing Applications Categorization

Consumer

Citizens

Business Employees

EmployeesGovernment

C2G, G2C

C2B, B2C

E2G, G2E

B2E, E2B

B2G, G2B

G2G

B2B

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Mobile Computing Platforms

M o b ile D ev ice (C e ll P h o n e , P D A , P o ck e t P C )

S e rv e r (W eb S e rv e r, eM a il se rv e r,M a in fra m e)

A p p lica tio n

P h ys ica l W ire le ss N e tw o rk

(A n te n n a s , T ra n sce iv e rs , B a se S ta tio n s , C e llu la r N e tw o rks , 8 0 2 .1 1 L A N s , S a te llite s )

M id d lew are S e rv ice s

N e tw o rkT ran sp o rt S e rv ice s

L o ca lP la tfo rmS erv ice s

A p p lica tio n

M o b ile C o m p u tin gP la tfo rm N etw o rk

T ran sp o rt S e rv ice s

L o ca lP la tfo rmS erv ice s

M id d lew are S e rv ice s

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Internet as the Network Platform

IP

WAN1

(Typically

ATM,

Frame Relay,

X.25)

Switch/Gateway

IP

WAN2

IP

WAN3

Switch/Gateway

Switch/Gateway

83.13.17.3

83.13.17.4

Bank1.co..uk

Level3.co..uk

75.10.17.1

75.10.17.3

www.IBM.com

www.sun.com

108.2.11.5

108.2.11.7

cs.um.edu

arts.um.edu

•DNS (Domain Name Services) translates cs.um.edu to 108.2.11.5•Telnet cs.um.edu = Telnet 108.2.11.5•FTP cs.um.edu = FTP 108.2.11.5

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Wireless Web

WebServer

Content(XML/HTML)

Back-endSystemsandDarabases

httpoverwired Internet

WirelessGatewayWireless

Network

http

WirelessBrowser

WebBrowser

WebGateway

1

2

3

4

5

1. Access from Web browser to Web Server over wired Internet 2. Access to Web contents from HTML/XML files 3. Access to non-Web content through a Web gateway4. Access from cellular phone over a wireless network5. Access from wireless gateway to Web Server over wired Internet

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WAP(Wireless Application Protocol)

•Intended for data entry/display on cellular phones•“An open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices toeasily access and interact with information and services instantly.” www.wapforum.org•Complete protocol stack similar to Internet protocols but optimized for wireless information pull and push transport layer and above; across multiple wireless technologies

Web Server

WAPGateway

Wirelessnetworkwith WAPProtocol

WAP Phone

Internet

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WIRELESS NETWORKS

Different type of wireless networks support mobile computing applications and platforms

• Cellular networks– 1G to 5G

• Wireless LANs (802.11)• Bluetooth• Satellite systems• Fixed Wireless Local loops• Mobile Adhoc Networks

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Wireless Networks

SatelliteSystems

CellularNetworks

Wireless LANs

Example1: GSM, 9.6 Kbps, wide coverage

Example2: 3G, 2 Mbps, wide coverage

Example1:802.11b 11 Mbps, 100 Meters

Other examples:802.11g, HiperLAN2

Wireless WANs

PersonalArea Networks

BusinessLANs

Example1:Bluetooth1 Mbps, 10 Meters

Other examples:wireless sensor networks, UWB

Example1: Motorola Iridiumup to 64 Mbps globally

Example 2:Deep space communication

WirelessLocal Loops(Fixed Wireless)

Wireless MANs

Example1: LMDS37 Mbps, 2-4 Km

Example2:FSO 1.25 Gbps 1-2 KM

Paging Networks

Example1:FLEX, 1.2 Kbps

Example2:ReFLEX, 6.4Kbps

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Issues unique to wireless•Frequency allocation•Multiple Access•Location

Local Area Networks (LANs) Metropolitan Area Networks(MANs)

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Wired Wired LANs

Ethernet (10-100 Mbps, 150 to500 meters)

Token Ring (4 -16 Mbps, 200 to500 meters)

Wired MANs

FDDI (100 Mbps, 50 Kilometers)

Wired WANs

ATM (44 Mbps to 140 Mbps)

Frame Relay (44 Mbps)

Wireless Wireless LANs

Bluetooth (1 Mbps, 10 meters)

IEEE 802.11 LANs (2-11 Mbps,100 meters)

Wireless MANs

wireless local loops (10 Mbps,100 Kilometers)

Wireless WANs

Current GSM systems at9.6Kbps, future 3G systems at 2Mbps

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A Sample Wireless School

Wireless LAN Cell

Wireless LAN Cell

Wireless LAN Cell

CentrexRouter

Link to

Public Ethernet

T1orDSL

X

Y Z

LAN Server

Wired Ethernet LAN

•X, Y, Z are access points for the wireless Ethernet LANs

A B

C D

•A, B, C, D arestudent laptops

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Bluetooth

• Founders: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba; May 98

• Currently: Over 850 companies, V1.0 spec issued 7/99

• Small form factor, low-cost, short range radio link between mobile PCs, phones and other portable devices

• Relatively fast, short packets

• Software for service and device discovery

• Typical application: cellular phone to PDA or earphone

• Forecast: 79% of digital handsets and > 200 million PCs will use Bluetooth by 2002 -- Dataquest

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Bluetooth

Cellular Network

PSTN

AccessPoint

WiredLAN Bluetooth Piconet

(1 Mbps, 10 meters)

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Wireless Local Loops

Inter-ExchangeSwitch

Telephone

Computers

PBX, TV

WirelessLocal Loop

Toll ConnectingTrunks

Inter-ExchangeSwitch

LocalControlOffice

Telephone

Wired Local Loop

Toll ConnectingTrunks

IntertollTrunks

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A Cellular Network

Public SwitchedTelephoneNetwork(PSTN)

MobileTelephoneSwitchingCenter(MTSC)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Mobile User

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cordless connection

Wired connection

HLR VLR

HLR = Home Location Register

VLR = Visitor Location Register

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Cellular networks: What is 3G Anyway?

• 1G: First generation wireless cellular: Early 1980s– Analog transmission, primarily speech

• 2G: Second generation wireless cellular: Late 1980s– Digital transmission

– Primarily speech and low bit-rate data

– High-tier: GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), etc

– Low-tier (PCS): Low-cost, low-power, low-mobility e.g. PACS

• 2.5G: 2G evolved to medium rate (< 100kbps) data

• 3G: future: Broadband multimedia– 144 kbps - 384 kbps for high-mobility, high coverage

– 2 Mbps for low-mobility and low coverage

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Evolution to 3G

1G(<1Kbps)

1 Kbps

10 Kbps

100 Kbps

2 Mbps

1 Mbps

Data Rates

1980 1990 2000 2010

2G(9.6Kbps)

2.5G(10-150Kbps)

3G(144Kbps to 2Mbps)

Years

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Wireless LANs• First generation of products at about 1-2 Mbps

– Lucent’s WaveLAN, RadioLAN, etc.– factor of 10 less bandwidth than current Ethernet

• Next generation of products at 10-11 Mbps– factor of 10 less bandwidth than 100 Mbps Ethernet

• IEEE 802.11 standard – – very successful at present (wi-Fi)– Can deliver up to 64 mbps

• Important niche and enterprise applications (e.g. hospitals)• Increasing horizontal market interest (e.g. SOHO)

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Satellite Communications

UplinkDownlink

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Other issues

Integration

Security

Management and support

Regulations and standards

Wireless Business and Industry

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Reference Model

1. Physical

2. Data Layer

3. Network

4. Transport

5. Session

6. Presentation

7. Application

Call Switching

(Cellular networks,Wireless LANs, Satellites, Wireless Local Loops)

PSTN Routing

WirelessTelephoneBusiness

IP DataNetwork Routing

WirelessManagement Business

WirelessConsultingBusiness

WirelessTelephonyApplications and Services

Physical Network Elements

WirelessNetworkManagement

WirelessApplication and Platform Management

WirelessNetworkConsultingand EngineeringServices

SystemsConsulting

Applications(e.g., SMS, email,Wireless Web, Mobile EC/EB)

Wireless DataNetworkBusiness

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Summary• Mobile applications is a tremendous area of growth• Business drivers such as M-Business are significant • Mobile computing platforms have to handle special cases:

– Slow line speeds (19.2 Kbps)– Congestions are usual– More error prone

• Different types of wireless networks – Cellular– Wireless LANs – Satellites– Wireless local loops– Many emerging areas: sensor networks, Mobile Adhoc Networks, Free

Space Optics

• Many issues in Architectures, security and management• Standards work is also progressing in many areas