Amit sen

Presentation On Industrial Training At

Himachal Road Transport Corporation MANDI(H.P.)

Amit Sen12UME1245ME2BADDI UNIVERSITY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This report is a result of our industrial training held at H.R.T.C workshop Mandi . We thanks to Sh.Sohan Lal workshop manager the most important factor for us to complete our training successfully. We also thanks to the whole working staff of workshop who gave us their precious knowledge during the training period.

INTRODUCTION TO WORKSHOP

• Workshop is a place where various component are repaired and manufactured . In the H.R.T.C workshop the various parts like engine, gearbox, wheel system, differential, etc. are repaired and tested, for the good and long running of the vehicle.

LAYOUT OF WORKSHOP

LITERATURE SURVEY

We briefly studied about the following system of a bus :

Engine Transmission System Braking System Cooling System Steering system Lubrication system

I. C. Engine An engine is

mechanical device which converts one form of energy into other or It is a power producing device or machine which converts chemical energy of fuel into heat energy and then into mechanical work.

Main Parts Of An Engine.PISTON VALVE

CamshaftFlywheel

Crankshaft

Other parts of engine are:- 1. Cylinder block 2. Cylinder head 3. Pistons 4. Turbo charger 5. Crankshaft 6. Camshaft 7. Rocker arm 8. Flywheel 9. Fuel injection pump 10. Injector nozzle 11. Oil sump 12. Fuel filter 13. Manifolds (inlet and outlet) 14. Valves (inlet valve and outlet valve) 15. Connecting rod

Diesel Engine Operation

Stroke 1 (intake) only air enters

cylinder.

Stroke 2 (compression) air is compressed to high extent, raising its

temperature.

Stroke 3 (power) diesel is injected , high air

temperature ignites diesel.

Stroke 4 (exhaust) burnt

gases are expelled from the

engine.

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Transmission system have following parts:

Gear Box Propeller Shaft Differential

Gear Box  A gearbox is a protective casing for a system

of gears which is used to transmit torque to the propeller shaft at various speeds. It consist of two shafts:

1) Primary shaft2) Secondary shaft

Function of Gear Box:

An automobile is able to provide varying speed and torque through its gear box. Various functions of a gear box are listed below:  

To provide high torque at the time of starting, vehicle acceleration, climbing up a hill.  

To provide more than forward speeds by providing more than one gear ratios. In modern cars, five forward gears and reverse gear is provided. For given engine speed, higher speed can be obtained by running in higher (4th and 5th) gears.  

Gear box provides a reverse gear for driving the vehicle in reverse direction.

Bearing

The purpose of a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads

The main parts are:- Shield Inner race Balls Retainer Outer race

PROPELLER SHAFT

Propeller shaft is attached after the gear box and consist of universal joint.

It is attached with the differential at 90 degree angle and converts torque gear box to the differential.

DIFFERENTIAL

Differential is a mechanism used in rear wheel axel to reduce the speed of inner wheel and increase speed of outer wheel while taking turn.

Working of DIFFERENTIAL :-

  When the vehicle is travelling in the straight head

position, the power flow from the drive pinion. The drive pinion gives the power to the crown wheel whereas crown wheel, cage the pin & the planet pinion rotate as one unit. The planet pinion does not revolve on the pin as their axes but transmit the power to sun gears. The sun gears & the half shaft are splinted together and revolve due to the rotary motion of the planet gears as whole when the vehicle is taking turn; the planet gear rotates on its shaft to permit the outer rear wheel to turn more quickly than the inner rear wheel.

DIFFERENTIAL PARTS

Crown wheel Sun gear(two) Star gear(four) Axel of shaft Pinion

Braking System

A brake is a device used either to bring to a body which is in motion or to hold a body in state of rest or of uniform motion against the action of external force or couple.

Automotive braking system has two types of brakes:-

The service brakes, operated by a foot pedal, which slow or stop the vehicle.

The parking brakes, operated by foot pedal or hand lever, which hold the vehicle stationary when applied.

Brakes

Disc brake Drum brake

AIR DRYER

A device that extracts moisture from the air. Shops that use compressors may have to use air dryers to keep shop air free from moisture

BRAKE BOOSTER

The Booster’s Function is to give more Braking Power with minimum pressure on the Brake pedal. It is located between brake pedal and master cylinder

NEED OF BRAKING SYSTEM

It must stop the vehicle with smallest possible distance.

It must strong enough to sustain sudden braking force.

It must operate with least effort by the driver.

Braking lining should have longer life.

Cooling System An automobile's cooling

system is the collection of parts and substances (coolants) that work together to maintain the engine's temperature at optimal levels.

Controls the heat produced in combustion chamber, so that the engine parts are not damaged & the oil does not break down.

Thermostat

• The thermostat's main job is to allow the engine to heat up quickly, and then to keep the engine at a constant temperature.

The temperature that the thermostat opens is called Thermostat rating.

Radiator Radiator is a heat exchanger

that removes heat from the coolant passing through it.

• Vehicles equipped with automatic transmission have transmission cooler build into the radiator.

• The purpose of radiator is to provide a large amount of cooling surface area so that water passing downward through it in thin stream is cooled efficiently.

Lubrication system

Lubrication reduces unwanted friction, and controls it where it is useful It reduces wear on moving parts.

STEERING MECHANISM  The steering mechanism allows the driver to control the

direction of vehicle travel. This is made possible by linkage that connects the steering wheel to the steerable wheels and tires. The steering system may be either manual or power. The only energy source for the steering system is the force the driver applies to the steering wheel, the vehicle has manual steering. Power steering uses a hydraulic pump or electric motor to assist the driver`s effort.

Specification of tata bus

ENGINE

Model : TATA 1512

Type: Diesel direct

injection

No. of cylinder: 6 in line

Capacity: 5883cc

Clutch: single plate dry

friction

Gear box type: TATA GBS -40

(Synchromesh)

Fuel tank: 90 litres

Thank you