American revoltuion unit

Flashback

What two places did the French primarily colonize in America?

Agenda• Flashback• Pretest• Introduction to the American Revolution

Pretest• List THREE causes of the American Revolution?• Where were the first shots fired during the American

Revolution?• Who was at war?• List THREE battles that occurred in the American Revolution?

Exit Slip

What did you learn today?

Why was it important?

Flashback

What were the Navigation Acts?

Causes of the American Revolutionary War

French and Indian War• France and Britain had been at war in Europe• They fought over land north of the Ohio River• Britian allied with the Native Americans

French and Indian War • Results• Albany Plan of Union-first suggestion that the colonies should

form a central government• “Seven Years War”• Treaty of Paris: eliminated French power in the colonies

The Proclamation of 1763

• Britain needed to deal with the growing Native American hostilities against colonies• Britain established land west of the Appalachian

mountains for the Native Americans

The Proclamation of 1763

• Colonist • Who already lived in these lands were made to leave• Wanted to expand the colonies• Were outraged at the betrayal of their government

Taxation Without Representation• The French and Indian War left Britain greatly in debt. • King George III raised money to pay back Britain’s war debt by

taxing the colonists. • However, the colonists did not have representatives in

Britain’s government.

Sugar Act• Taxed the sale of all raw sugar and similar goods• Merchants were angered because it hurt trade• Colonist argues it violated traditional English Rights

The Stamp Act• Put a tax on almost all printed goods• Results• First direct tax placed on the colonies by Britain• Sons of Liberty: group that organized to protest the stamp Act• Colonist began boycotting British goods

Townshend Act• In 1767, the Townshend Revenue Act began

taxing glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, and tea. • It also gave Britain the right to seize colonist

property• Colonists’ again boycotted British goods. • British merchants helped ensure the act was

repealed.

Boston Massacre• March 5, 1770• British troops were in Boston to help maintain order• Colonist were protesting and bumped a solider• Shots were fired • 5 dead and 6 injured

Flashback

What were three reasons why Europeans wanted to settle in the New World?

Tea Act

• In 1773, the British passed the Tea Act to help the British East India Company. • The Tea Act gave the East India Company a

monopoly on selling tea in the colonies by regulating tea prices. • Colonist were afraid they were going to lose

their businesses

Tea Act• In Philadelphia and New York, colonists forced the tea ships to

turn back. • In Charleston, South Carolina, colonists let tea sit on the docks

until it rotted. • However, Boston was well-controlled by British forces. • British leaders there held the tea ships in the port.

The Boston Tea Party

• Then, on December 16, 1773, Bostonian colonists protested the Tea Act. • Colonists snuck into the Boston Harbor after

dark, dressed as Native Americans. • They boarded the tea ships and dumped 90,000

pounds of tea into the water.

Intolerable Acts• The Intolerable Acts were four laws passed by the British. • Four Laws:• Closed the Boston Harbor• Eliminated trial by jury• Quartering Act• Eliminated colony representation in the west

Intolerable Acts• These acts were enacted to punish the colonist• As a results the First Continental Congress was established to

decide how to address these issues

The Revolution Begins• The town of Concord created a special military unit called the

“Minutemen”• Loyalist- people who stayed loyal to England• Patriots- supporters of the revolution

The Revolution Begins• Lexington and Concord• The British troops went to Concord to seize weapons being

stored by colonist• There were about 70 Minutemen waiting for them in Lexington• When the British got to Concord their were 400 Minutemen

forcing the British to retreat

The Revolution begins• The Second Continential Congress met in Philadelphia• Adopted a militia “The Continental Army”• Appointed George Washington to head the army

Journal Entry

The American Revolution happened because….

Flashback

What was the Enlightenment?

EQ and Learning Target

Essential Question:What events led to the outbreak of the American Revolution?

Learning Target:I can identify and explain the events that led to the American Revolution.

Movement to Independence• Olive Branch Petition: a document sent by the

Continental Congress to King George III declaring their allegiance to the king• Thomas Paine: Common Sense• Pamphlet calling for independence from

Britain• Very persuasive and widely read• Gained a lot of colonist support for the

revolution

Declaration of Independence

• July 4,1776•Written by Thomas Jefferson• Submitted and signed by the

Continental Congress

Declaration of Independence• Preamble: Stated the purpose of the document:

to declare what the colonies and Britain should split• Statement of rights: political ideas that all people

have natural rights• List of Grievances: A list of things the king has

done to violate the colonist natural rights• Resolution of Independence: states the United

Colonies should be a free and independent state

Declaration of Activity

• In your own words, list 10 grievances the colonist had against the king• Write a paragraph explaining if you think the

colonist were justified in declaring independence• Include at least two reasons for or against the

declaration• Use the list of grievances your notes and the

textbook to help support your argument• Each person should turn in their own list of

grievances and paragraph

Flashback

What was the primary religion found in the New England colonies?

EQ and Learning Target

Essential Question:How was the American Revolution won?

Learning Target:I can explain how the American Revolution was won.

War for Independence

• American Leaders• George Washington• Nathaniel Greene- Washinton’s top field officer• Francis Marion- “Swamp Fox”

• British Leaders• William Howell-Leader of the British Army• John Burgoyne-Lost at Saratoga• Lord Cornwallace-Surrendered at Yorktown• Benedict Arnold-famous trader

Advantages and Disadvantages

Battle of Trenton

• December, 1776: Washington plans surprise attack of Hessian camp at Trenton, NJ.• December 25: Washington attacks on

Christmas night, kills/captures 1,000 men• 3 days later: defeat of British at Princeton,

NJ forces British to return to NY for winter

Battle of Saratoga

• 1777- British capture Philadelphia, Continental Congress escapes• Valley Forge- winter of 1777-78: nearly

2,500 American soldiers die from cold, food shortages• October 1777- Gen. Burgoyne’s troops

captured outside Saratoga, NY• Result: France enters war

Battle of Yorktown

•1778- British turn to South • Savannah, GA and Charlestown, SC

fell to British •Battle of Kings Mountain- victory for

Patriots•British eventually are defeated and

surrender at Yorktown (1781)

Journal Entry

The Americans were able to win the Revolutionary War because…..

Flashback

What are the three branches of the American government?

Map Activity• Label the following (PG. 96 in your text)• Battle of Saratoga, Bunker Hill, Yorktown, Trenton, Charles Town,

Savannah, Valley Forge, • Indicate with different colors British victories and American

Victories• Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico• The Appalachian Mountains• Color the Proclamation of 1763 Line• Include a key to your map• Color all of the colonies a light color