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American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Jan 03, 2016

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Ursula Hines
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Page 1: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 2: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 3: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world.

Farming practices are different around the world.

Agriculture is deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing animals to obtain substance or economic gain.

Page 4: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 5: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where did Agriculture Originate?

• Origins of Agriculture

• Hunters and Gatherers

• Role of men vs. Role of women

• Traveling

• Contemporary Hunting and Gathering

• Very few people on earth still do this

Page 6: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 7: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where did Agriculture Originate?

• Invention of Agriculture

• Two types of cultivation

• Vegetative planting

• Seed Agriculture

Page 8: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 9: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where did Agriculture Originate?

• Location of Agricultural Hearths

• Location of first Vegetative planting

• Southeast Asia

• West Africa

• South America

Page 10: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where did Agriculture Originate?

• Location of First Seed Agriculture

• Western India, Northern China, Ethiopia

• Southwest Asia used seed agriculture and domesticated animals.

• Diffusion of Seed Agriculture

• From southwest Asia across Europe

• Independent hearths in Mexico and Northern Peru

• Multiple Hearths

Page 11: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 12: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where did Agriculture Originate?

• Classifying Agricultural Regions• Less Developed Countries vs. More

Developed Countries• Distinguishing commercial agriculture

from subsistence agriculture• Purpose of farming• Percentage of farmers in the labor force• Use of machinery• Farm size• Relationship of farming to other

businesses

Page 13: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 14: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where did Agriculture Originate?

• Mapping agricultural Regions

• LDCs and MDCs

• Climate

• Culture

Page 15: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 16: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in Less Developed Countries?

• Shifting Cultivation

• Two distinguishing hallmarks

• Slash and burn agriculture

• Fallow fields

• The process of Shifting Cultivation

• Crops of shifting Cultivation

• Ownership and use of land in shifting cultivation

• Future of Shifting Cultivation

Page 17: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 18: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in Less Developed Countries?

• Pastoral Nomadism

• Based on herding domesticated animals

• Characteristics of Pastoral Nomadism

• Choice of animals

• Movements of Pastoral Nomads

• The future of pastoral nomadism

Page 19: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in Less Developed Countries?

• Plantation Farming

• Plantation is a large farm that specializes in one or two crops.

• Mostly found in LDCs

• Common in the Southern US prior to the Civil War.

Page 20: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 21: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries?

• Mixed Crop and Livestock farming

• Characteristics of Mixed crop and Livestock farming

• Crop rotation

• Choice of crops

Page 22: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries?

• Dairy Farming

• Has risen since 1970 in LDCs

• Dairies are located near urban areas

• Transportation

• Milkshed

• Specialization

• Regional Differences in Dairy Products

• Relation to major cities

• Challenges for Dairy Farmers

Page 23: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 24: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 25: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries?

• Grain Farming

• Grain

• Winter Wheat

• Spring Wheat

• Reaper

• Combine

• Distribution of work throughout the year

Page 26: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 27: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 28: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 29: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 30: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries?

• Livestock Ranching

• Mostly in MDCs

• Ranching

• Cattle Ranching in U.S. Popular Culture

• Short time

• Beginning of Cattle Ranching

• Transporting Cattle to Market

• Chisholm Trail

Page 31: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 32: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 33: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 34: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries?

• Fixed Location Ranching

• “The Code of the West”

• Range Wars

• Farmers vs. Ranchers

• Changes in Cattle Breeding

• Longhorns then Herefords

• Ranching outside the United States

Page 35: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries?

• Mediterranean Agriculture

• Found near oceans and seas

• Horticulture

Page 36: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries?

• Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming

• Truck Farming

• Grows vegetables and fruit

• Specialty farming

Page 37: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries?

• Importance of Access to Markets

• Von Thunen Model

• Based on what a farmer sees as a need in an urban area.

• Cost of land vs. Cost of transporting products to market.

• Application of Von Thunen Model

Page 38: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 39: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties?

• Challenges for Commercial Farmers

• Overproduction

• Supply and demand

• Avoid producing crops that have an excess

• Government pays a subsidy to farmers when prices are low

• Government buys surplus and sells to other nations

Page 40: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties?

• Sustainable Agriculture

• Preserves and enhances environmental quality

• Sensitive Land Management

• Ridge tillage

• Limited Use of Chemicals• Genetically modified Seeds – “Roundup Ready”

• Integrated Crop and Livestock• Sensitive to environment and economics

Page 41: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 42: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties?

• Challenges for Subsistence Farmers• Subsistence farming and population

growth• Boserup Thesis

• Land left fallow for shorter periods• Adopt new technologies

• Subsistence Farming and International Trade• Use profits to buy supplies• Drug Crops

• Marijuana, Cocaine, Opium

Page 43: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties?

• Strategies to increase Food Supply

• Expand land area for Agricultural use

• Agricultural land is decreasing

• Desertification

• Excessive Water from Irrigation

Page 44: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 45: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties?

• Strategies to increase Food Supply

• Increase through higher productivity

• Green Revolution

• Two parts

• Higher yield seeds

• Expanded use of fertilizers

Page 46: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 47: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties?

• Strategies to increase Food Supply

• Identifying new food sources

• Cultivate oceans

• Overfishing

• Develop Higher-protein cereals

• People in LDCs get less protein

• Improve Palatability of Rarely consumed foods

• Soy beans, Krill

Page 48: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties?

• Strategies to increase Food Supply

• Increase exports from other countries

• Change in Exporters since the 1970s

• United States – Grains

• Thailand – Exports Rice

• China – major importer

• Japan major food importer

Page 49: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 50: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.

Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties?

• Africa’s Food-Supply Crisis

• Sub-Saharan Africa has most of the world’s undernourished people

• Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Somalia, Sudan

• Pastoral Nomads who overgrazed the land

• Farmers overplanted

• Drought

Page 51: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 52: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.
Page 53: American Farms are vastly different from farms around the world. Farming practices are different around the world. Agriculture is deliberate modification.