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AMERICA AND WORLD WAR I Chapter 19 in The Americans
Slide 3
Essential Questions: What were the causes of WWI? Why did
America become involved in WWI? What were the consequences of WWI
for America and the world?
Slide 4
Four Main Causes of WWI Militarism: The development of armed
forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy An arms race developed
between world powers when countries all tried to get better and
stronger weapons than the others Imperialism: The process of
becoming a more powerful nation by getting control over weaker
nations Led to competition for colonies between European nations
and eventually America Nationalism : A devotion to the interests
and culture of ones nation. Led to competitive rivalries between
nations in Europe Alliances: a formal agreement of union between
nations
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System of Alliances Triple Entente: The Allies France Britain
Russia Triple Alliance: Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary
Italy Ottoman Empire These alliances grouped together and when the
war started they all supported each other
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WWI Leaders The Big Four Wilson: American President George
Clemenceau: French leader David Lloyd George: British Prime
Minister Vittorio Orlando: Italian Prime Minister
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German Leader: Kaiser Wilhelm II Wilhelm II Bio at:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wilhe
lm_kaiser_ii.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wilhe
lm_kaiser_ii.shtml
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Assassination Sparks War The Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand: Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCTIaiiGB4o
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCTIaiiGB4o This caused Austria
Hungary and its allies to declare war Serbia and its Allies
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCbNE3ToePA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCbNE3ToePA Assassin Gavrilo Princip
Archduke Franz Ferdninand
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Lead Up to American Involvement Lusitania: A British liner that
was sunk by the Germans in which 1,198 people died (128 Americans)
Zimmerman Note: a note from Germany revealing German support for
Mexico against the US if the US entered the war Convoy System: a
system in which merchant ships would cross the Atlantic in large
groups to prevent enemy attack
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American Troops Selective Service Act: required men to register
with the government for a random draft (24 million men registered,
3 million were called up) American Expeditionary Force (AEF): The
American forces led by General John J. Pershing Conscientious
Objector: a person who opposes a war on moral grounds Pacifist: a
person who objects to all wars Mobilization: When a country
prepares for war
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Fighting WWI No mans land: A space between the two sides
trenches that was extremely dangerous for a person to be in Trench
warfare: when soldiers dug into the field and fought for yards of
land at a time (extremely deadly way to fight) U-Boat: German
submarines; often used against merchant ships
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War Technology French BiPane German TriPlane Tanks Grenades
Machine Guns
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Cost of War 22 million dead (1/2 civilians) 20 million wounded
10 million refugees $338 billion spent on war 48,000 Americans
killed in battle 62,000 Americans killed by disease 200,000
Americans wounded
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American Homefront War Industries Board: committees set up to
efficiently make supplies for the war effort led by Bernard Baruch
War Bonds: sold to raise money for the war effort Committee on
Public Information: sent out biased messages called propaganda to
the American people in an effort to get them to support the war;
led by George Creel Propaganda: information spread to gain support
for the war Espionage and Sedition Act: a person could be punished
for saying anything disloyal or for interfering with the war effort
Food Administration: led by Herbert Hoover, promoted rationing
National War Labor Board: created to limit labor disputes and
maximize production Great Migration: when hundreds of thousands of
black Americans moved from the South to cities in the North during
the war
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Russian Revolution Vladmir Lenin: Led a coup of the Russian
government by the Bolsheviks.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knjUx7A- G3w&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knjUx7A- G3w&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofWYQh0dF WA&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofWYQh0dF WA&feature=relmfu This
event took Russia out of World War I
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Armistice At 11 a.m. on 11 November 1918, (the eleventh hour of
the eleventh day of the eleventh month), a ceasefire came into
effect. This is the date Americans celebrate Veterans Day.
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Fourteen Points: A speech given by Wilson to Congress about how
the war should end First 5 points about how to avoid a war like
this in the future No secret treaties among nations Freedom of the
seas for all Tariffs and other economic barriers should be removed
between countries to promote free trade Arms should be reduced to
the lowest amount possible while still maintaining domestic safety
Colonials powers should consider the interests of colonists as well
as their own interests Next 8 points dealt with boundary changes
that called for self- determination (the right for people to make
their own countries) The 14 th Point was a call to create a League
of Nations (a group of reps for all countries that could meet and
discuss problems to prevent them from escalating to war)
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Treaty of Versailles Agreement after WWI Established 9 new
nations (including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia) Carved 5
areas out of the Ottoman Empire and gave them the France and
England as temporary colonies until they were ready for self-rule
Barred Germany from maintaining an army Made Germany return Alsace
and Lorraine to France Made Germany pay 33 billion dollars to the
allies as reparations (war damages) Included a war-guilt clause:
forced Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting WWI