America And World War I

America And World War I

America And World War IChapter 19 in The Americans

1Essential Questions:What were the causes of WWI?Why did America become involved in WWI?What were the consequences of WWI for America and the world?2Four Main Causes of WWIMilitarism: The development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacyAn arms race developed between world powers when countries all tried to get better and stronger weapons than the othersImperialism: The process of becoming a more powerful nation by getting control over weaker nationsLed to competition for colonies between European nations and eventually AmericaNationalism: A devotion to the interests and culture of ones nation.Led to competitive rivalries between nations in EuropeAlliances: a formal agreement of union between nations3System of AlliancesTriple Entente: The AlliesFranceBritainRussiaTriple Alliance: Central PowersGermanyAustria-HungaryItalyOttoman EmpireThese alliances grouped together and when the war started they all supported each other

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5WWI Leaders The Big FourWilson: American President

George Clemenceau: French leader

David Lloyd George: British Prime Minister

Vittorio Orlando: Italian Prime Minister

6German Leader: Kaiser Wilhelm IIWilhelm II Bio at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wilhelm_kaiser_ii.shtml

7Assassination Sparks WarThe Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Heir to the Austria-Hungarian thronehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCTIaiiGB4oThis caused Austria Hungary and its allies to declare war Serbia and its Allieshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCbNE3ToePA

Assassin Gavrilo PrincipArchduke Franz Ferdninand 8Lead Up to American InvolvementLusitania: A British liner that was sunk by the Germans in which 1,198 people died (128 Americans)Zimmerman Note: a note from Germany revealing German support for Mexico against the US if the US entered the warConvoy System: a system in which merchant ships would cross the Atlantic in large groups to prevent enemy attack

9American TroopsSelective Service Act: required men to register with the government for a random draft (24 million men registered, 3 million were called up)American Expeditionary Force (AEF): The American forces led by General John J. PershingConscientious Objector: a person who opposes a war on moral groundsPacifist: a person who objects to all warsMobilization: When a country prepares for war

10Fighting WWINo mans land: A space between the two sides trenches that was extremely dangerous for a person to be inTrench warfare: when soldiers dug into the field and fought for yards of land at a time (extremely deadly way to fight)U-Boat: German submarines; often used against merchant ships

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12WarTechnology

French BiPaneGerman TriPlaneTanksGrenadesMachine Guns13Cost of War22 million dead (1/2 civilians)20 million wounded10 million refugees$338 billion spent on war48,000 Americans killed in battle62,000 Americans killed by disease200,000 Americans wounded

14American Homefront War Industries Board: committees set up to efficiently make supplies for the war effort led by Bernard BaruchWar Bonds: sold to raise money for the war effortCommittee on Public Information: sent out biased messages called propaganda to the American people in an effort to get them to support the war; led by George CreelPropaganda: information spread to gain support for the warEspionage and Sedition Act: a person could be punished for saying anything disloyal or for interfering with the war effortFood Administration: led by Herbert Hoover, promoted rationingNational War Labor Board: created to limit labor disputes and maximize productionGreat Migration: when hundreds of thousands of black Americans moved from the South to cities in the North during the war

15Russian RevolutionVladmir Lenin: Led a coup of the Russian government by the Bolsheviks. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knjUx7A-G3w&feature=relmfuhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofWYQh0dFWA&feature=relmfuThis event took Russia out of World War I

16ArmisticeAt 11 a.m. on 11 November 1918, (the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month), a ceasefire came into effect.This is the date Americans celebrate Veterans Day.

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20Fourteen Points: A speech given by Wilson to Congress about how the war should endFirst 5 points about how to avoid a war like this in the futureNo secret treaties among nationsFreedom of the seas for allTariffs and other economic barriers should be removed between countries to promote free tradeArms should be reduced to the lowest amount possible while still maintaining domestic safetyColonials powers should consider the interests of colonists as well as their own interestsNext 8 points dealt with boundary changes that called for self-determination (the right for people to make their own countries)The 14th Point was a call to create a League of Nations (a group of reps for all countries that could meet and discuss problems to prevent them from escalating to war)

21Treaty of VersaillesAgreement after WWIEstablished 9 new nations (including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia) Carved 5 areas out of the Ottoman Empire and gave them the France and England as temporary colonies until they were ready for self-ruleBarred Germany from maintaining an armyMade Germany return Alsace and Lorraine to FranceMade Germany pay 33 billion dollars to the allies as reparations (war damages)Included a war-guilt clause: forced Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting WWI

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