Associate Chief Quality Officer Partners HealthCare, Center for Population Health Neil W. Wagle, MD, MBA Ambulatory Quality: Returning to the Essence of Our Work Medical Director, Clinical Analytics Partners HealthCare, Center for Population Health Lara Terry, MD, MPH Session #7
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Ambulatory Quality: Returning to the Essence of Our Work · 4/7/2017 · • Assess current barriers to successful quality improvement. • Describe the key ingredients required
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Associate Chief Quality OfficerPartners HealthCare, Center for Population Health
Neil W. Wagle, MD, MBA
Ambulatory Quality:Returning to the Essence of Our Work
Medical Director, Clinical AnalyticsPartners HealthCare, Center for Population Health
Lara Terry, MD, MPH
Session #7
Learning Objectives
• Assess current barriers to successful quality improvement.
• Describe the key ingredients required to achieve successful improvement.
• Explain how to construct analytics tools to identify areas for improvement that will have a high impact.
Poll Question #1
How far along is your organization in pursuing data-driven quality improvement?
1) Not yet started2) Getting our feet wet3) Growth phase4) Robust deployment5) Unsure or not applicable
Partners HealthCare System
Partners HealthCare is an integrated system consisting of:• Two large academic medical centers (Massachusetts
General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital).• Six community hospitals.• Five community health centers.• Five major multispecialty ambulatory sites.• Inpatient and outpatient psychiatric and rehabilitation
specialty services.• Homecare.• More than 6,000 physicians.
Denominator
The Taxonomy of “Stupid”
• Trendable: Rolling 12.• Real-time feedback.• Context (trend + comparison).
Stupid
• Claims + EHR.• Problems list.• Medications.
• Accurate.• Comprehensive and
nuanced.• Up-to-date.• Allows for judgment.
• Attribution.• Inclusion.
Numerator Data Sources Operations
The “Streetlight Effect”
The “4th Quarter Push” for Quality Metric Reporting
(Bad) Measure Proliferation Is Increasingly Well-Recognized
“Evidence mount[s] that even superb and motivated professionals [have] come to believe that the boatloads of measures, and the incentives to “look good,” [have] led them to turn away from the essence of their work.”
– Robert M. Wachter, Interim Chairman, UCSF Dept. of Medicine
New York TimesMost Emailed Article (1/17/2016)
Don Berwick: “Current Measurement Era Isn’t Going to Work”
Steps to Move to “Era 3”
1. Fewer measures.2. Simplify incentives.3. Decrease focus on $ (incentives).4. Avoid doctor as “Lord.”5. Employ improvement science.6. Embrace transparency.7. Protect civility.8. Listen.9. Reject greed (as an industry).
Institute for HealthCare Improvement Keynote, December 2015
Era 1(until late 1900s)
Era 2(current)
Era 3(Future?)
“Moral Era.”Measurement, carrots, and sticks.
Professional dominance.
Physician burnout has become a crisis.
Denominator
The Taxonomy of “Stupid”
• Trendable: Rolling 12.• Real-time feedback.• Context (trend + comparison).
Stupid
• Claims + EHR.• Problems list.• Medications.
• Accurate.• Comprehensive and
nuanced.• Up-to-date.• Allows for judgment.
• Attribution.• Inclusion.
Numerator Data Sources Operations
Better Hypertension Measure Definition
Denominator: • All primary care patients who have
hypertension as defined by multiple clinical and billing sources.
Numerator: • ≤140/90; if age > 60 ≤150/90. • Credit if DBP≤70.• Use better of last blood pressure (BP) or
the average of last 3 BPs over 18 months. • Credit if on 3 anti-hypertensive agents.
Persell, S. D., Kho, A. N., Thompson, J. A., & Baker, D. W., (2009). Improving hypertension quality measurement using electronic health records. Medical Care, 47(4), 388-394.
Exceptions Preserve Autonomy
• Terminally ill. • Adverse reaction to medication.• Anatomically not applicable.• Competing comorbidity. • Patient declined.• Patient cannot afford.
• Deceased. • Not a patient of this PCP. • Not a patient of this clinic.• Misdiagnosis.
Numerator Denominator
The Tool
The Team
Clinicians must believe they are important.
“Registry”: a tool to close gaps in care.
People to use the tool (hopefully not frontline docs).
The Measures1
2
3
4
5
Ingredients for Success
Behavior Change = Feedback + Motivation
The Tool
The Team
The Data
Motivation
Clinicians must believe they are important.
“Registry”: a tool to close gaps in care.
People to use the tool (hopefully not frontline docs).
Near-real time measurement, run-charts, and comparison.
Social pressure, Transparency, Financial, Shared purpose
The Measures1
2
3
4
5
Ingredients for Success
Clinical Registries and the Quality Insights AnalyticsChange the way we measure.
1. Measurement That Reflects Reality
Clinical Registry-Based Measures
More clinically relevant
measures.
Increased buy-in from clinicians.
Increased investment in
tools and effort.
Improve on clinically relevant
measures.Better care.
2. Real-time, Actionable Data
3. Easy to Access and Use
Delineate and Define Roles and ResponsibilitiesExecutive sponsor.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Business owner.
Subject matter experts.
Data architect.
Project manager.
Data analyst.
Engage Your Stakeholders Early in the ProcessRole for Stakeholder Group
Inform development team of stakeholder needs. • Who is the audience?• How do they use the data?
• What do they need to see?• What do they want to see?
• What is their level of analytical sophistication? How to best display this?• What is the existing workflow and how do they anticipate it being integrated?
Local champions when application is released.
Identify Sources for Data Elements Hard/structured data
elements from electronic health
record (EHR).
Soft/unstructured data elements from EHR as available and needed.
Claims for risk populations only
(commercial at-risk, ACO, Neighborhood
Health Plan, Medicaid).
Manually added elements
as available and needed.
Metrics = calculations based on the data
elements.
Visits, bills, labs, vitals, health maintenance, immunizations, specialized flowsheets, PROMs.
Findings from radiology, pathology, imaging findings.
SmartForms, bar code scanners.
Registry Primer: Types of “Registries”
“Internal Registry”• For clinical care and internal quality
improvement purposes—measuring performance, identifying variability, focusing on improvement.
• Underlying data elements and “inclusion rules” which determines measure denominators.
• Data could be used for research retrospectively with Internal Review Board approval.
“External Registry”• For submission to national or
research registry.
Identify Numerator and Denominator for Measure
Numerator = Patients for whom measurement is expected.
Exclusions:• Terminally ill.• Adverse reaction to medication.• Anatomically not applicable.• Competing comorbidity. • Patient declined.• Patient cannot afford.
Denominator = Patients who meet inclusion.• e.g., all diabetics.
Exclusions:• Deceased. • Not a patient of this PCP. • Not a patient of this clinic.• Misdiagnosis.
What Is the Target For the Measure?
Is there an industry target to be met?
Is there a benchmark?Local? National? Other?
How do the providers compare with their peers in similar settings?
Data Validation: Ensuring Accurate Data Is KEY to Provider Engagement
Registry denominator accuracy.Errors of inclusion and inadvertent exclusion (type 1 and type 2 errors).