Am Fm Tv Broadcasting

7/24/2019 Am Fm Tv Broadcasting

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BROADCASTINGBROADCASTING
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Harumphy.belkin.tunecast_ii.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CeBIT_2006_Philips_3D_Display_42_3D6W01_WOW_Richardson_Electronics_KUKFilm_1298_by_HDTVTotalDOTcom.jpghttp://www.amcoordination.com/index.html


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BROADCASTING

The process of transmitting

information (voice, music or videosignal) by radio or through

television for reception by the

general public.

BROADA!T"#$

%To send out in all directions&
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A' BROADA!T"#$A' BROADA!T"#$"#TR#AT"O#A"#TR#AT"O#ABROADA!T""#$BROADA!T""#$

*RT"A+ OAR"-D*RT"A+ OAR"-DOR"-O#TA OAR"-DOR"-O#TA OAR"-D

O'#"D"RT"O#AO'#"D"RT"O#A

/#"D"RT"O#A/#"D"RT"O#A

01 2 3 24 '501 2 3 24 '5

$RO/#D6A*$RO/#D6A*!7+6A*!7+6A*

'01 244 3 2444 85'01 244 3 2444 85

*RT"A+ OAR"-D*RT"A+ OAR"-D

T+! O0 BROADA!T"#$

!+!T'


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T* BROADA!T"#$T* BROADA!T"#$0' BROADA!T"#$0' BROADA!T"#$

!A 6A*!A 6A*

OR"-O#TA OAR"-DOR"-O#TA OAR"-D

*01 24 3 244 '5*01 24 3 244 '5

"R/AR+ OAR"-D"R/AR+ OAR"-D

!A 6A*!A 6A*

*0 9 /01 244 3 2444*0 9 /01 244 3 2444'5'5

"R/AR+ OAR"-D"R/AR+ OAR"-D

T+! O0 BROADA!T"#$

!+!T'


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:. 6hat is the process of sending voice, speech, music or image

intended for reception by the general public;a. #avigationb. Telephonyc. Broadcastingd. 'i. Term in communications ?hich means % to send out in alldirections&.

a. Announce

b. Broadcastc. Transmitd. 'edia


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2. !hort ?ave broadcasting operates in ?hat band;a. '0b. 0

c. *0d. *0

@. The transmitting antenna for an A' broadcast stationshould have a polari5ation.

a. verticalb. hori5ontalc. circulard. elliptical

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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. 6hat broadcasting service must use directional antennasa. A'

b. 0'c. "nternational broadcastd. T*

C. 6hat type of broadcast service might have their antennas on topa. 0'b. A'c. T*d. a and c

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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A' BROADA!T"#$A' BROADA!T"#$
http://www.lyngsat-logo.com/radiocountry/ph_1.html


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A' BROADA!T"#$

PARAMETERSPARAMETERS Intl StandardIntl StandardRP StandardRP Standard

Broadcasting

Band

2 3 >C4 85: 3 >4 85

0reEuency Band 'ediumfreEuency

'ediumfreEuencyhannel 6idth >4 85F 85

!tation !pacing @4 852C 85

'a< no. ofchannels

>4>>G

"0 H R< @ 85@ 85

0c Tolerance IJH :4 5IJH :4 5


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PARAMETERSPARAMETERS

Type of mission A2 (D!B0)A2 (D!B0)

'odulation A'A'

Receiver !uperheterodyne!uperheterodyne

Antenna

olari5ation

*ertical*ertical

Type ofropagation

$round ?ave$round ?ave

Radiation attern OmnidirectionalOmnidirectional

A' BROADA!T"#$

Intl StandardIntl StandardRP StandardRP Standard


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CHANNEL NUMBERCHANNEL NUMBER CARRIER FREQUENCYCARRIER FREQUENCY

> 2> 85

: @4 85

2 @F 85

K K

K K

>2> >4> 85

A' BROADA!T"#$AOAT"O#!


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ARAARA O6 BA#DO6 BA#D

: 3 F>G: 3 F>G8585

'etro'anila

>4 86

'etro ebu >4 86

Other Areas 86

'"DD'"DDBA#DBA#D

F>FH>2>: 85F>FH>2>: 85

"$ BA#D"$ BA#D

>2>2H>4>2>2H>48585

:4 86 24 86

:4 86 24 86

>4 86 > 86

/-O#

*"!A+A!

'"#DA#AO

D-..JD6..

D+..

DL..

all !igns

A' BROADA!T"#$

AOAT"O#!


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a. PRIMARYa. PRIMARY

The signal is not subMect to interference norfading

b. SECONDARYb. SECONDARY

The signal is subMect to some fading butthere is no obMectionable coHchannel

interference

c.c.

INTERMTTENTINTERMTTENTThe signal is subMect to some fading and

interference

!R*" ARA


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ART! O0 A BROADA!T DA+

BROADA!T DA+BROADA!T DA+ R OA T"'R OA T"'

DA+ T"' C am 3 C pm

#"$T T"' C pm 3 C am

LR"'#TAR"OD

>: mn 3 am


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T+! O0 TRA#!'"TTR

MAIN TRANSMITTERMAIN TRANSMITTER

o?er rating1 > 86

ALTERNATE TRANSMITTERALTERNATE TRANSMITTER

!ame po?er rating and freEuency stabilityas that of the main transmitter

'ust be coHlocated ?ith the mantransmitter

/sed ?hen the main transmitter failed orthere are some modiNcations to be made

?ith it


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AUILIARY TRANSMITTERAUILIARY TRANSMITTER

oHlocated or not coHlocated

Operating po?er may be less but never greaterthan the authori5ed po?er of the regular main

transmitter/se during emergencies

mergency Broadcast !ystem ( B!)

mergency Action #otiNcation (A#)

mergency Action Termination (AT)

T+! O0 TRA#!'"TTR


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A' A#T##A !+!T'

ANTENNA SITEANTENNA SITE

SELECTIONSELECTION

ocation in relation to the population tobe served and other communications

installed

onductivity of the soil at andimmediately adMacent to the site

onductivity of the path bet?een thesite and the target area
http://www.amcoordination.com/index.htmlhttp://www.antennex.com/


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ANTENNA DESIGNANTENNA DESIGN

CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS

The transmitting antenna system shall bevertically polari5ed and shall radiate an

eective Neld of not less than that of a C4Hdegree vertical radiator

The antenna, antenna leadHin, andcounterpoise shall be installed so as not to

present ha5ard

A' A#T##A !+!T'


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R*"6 =/!T"O#!

>. One of the main considerations in the selection of antenna site foa. conductivity of the soilb. height of the terrainc. elevation of the sited. Accessibility

:. The part of broadcast day from C ' to C A' local timea. day time

b. night timec. bed timed. e


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2. 6hat are the freEuency limits of the A' broadcasting band;a. GG 3 >4G 85b. 44 3 >C44 85c. 244 3 2444 85d. 2 3 >C4 85

@. 6hat is the freEuency tolerance for the R0 carrier in thestandard A' radio broadcast band;

a. -erob. I J H :4 5c. I J H >4 5d. I J H :4 85

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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. 6hat is the channel ?idth of an A' station;a. 85b. >485c. 4 85d. :4 85

C. !tandard A' intermediate freEuencya. 2 85

b. @ 85c. : 85d. C: 85

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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. !tandard A' band?idtha. F 85b. >4 85c. >: 85d. > 85

G. 6hat is the allo?able band?idth of commercial A' radio in thea. >4 85

b. 24 85c. :4 85d. > 85

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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F. 6hat broadcast stations use vertical antennas on Patground;a. A'b. 0'c. T*d. !hort ?ave

>4. The center to center spacing bet?een t?o adMacentstations in the hilippine A' B band

a. F 85b. :44 85c. 2C 85d. G44 85

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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>>. The operating po?er of the au


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>2. 'arshy land is an ideal location for A' transmitters becausea. it optimi5es ground conductivityb. it increases antenna height

c. it reduces rePectiond. it enhances radio ?ave propagation

>@. !ervice area of broadcast stations having a ground Neld of >mvJmeter.

a. rimary !ervice Areab. !econdary service Areac. Tertiary !ervice Aread. "ntermittent !ervice Area

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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>. !ervice area of broadcast stations ?ithout anyinterference but ?ith fading or intermittent variations onintensitya. rimary !ervice Area

b. !econdary !ervice Areac. Tertiary !ervice Aread. "ntermittent !ervice Area

>C. !ervice area of broadcast stations that is subMect to fading

and interference.a. rimary !ervice Areab. !econdary service Areac. Tertiary !ervice Aread. "ntermittent !ervice Area

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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>. One of the broadcast transmission auG. An A' broadcast station in 'etro 'anila operating at F@85 has a ma4 8?c. > 8?d. 24 8?

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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0' BROADA!T"#$0' BROADA!T"#$
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dwnu_1075fm.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c9/Yesfm1011.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Love_radio_ph.jpg


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0' BROADA!T"#$

PARAMETERSPARAMETERS RP STANDARDRP STANDARD

Broadcasting

Band

GG 3 >4G '5

0reEuency Band *0

hannel 6idth :44 85

!tation !pacing G44 85

'a< no. ofchannels

>44

'a< no. ofstations

:

"0 H R< >4. '5


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arrier 0reE

Tolerance

IJH :444 5

Type of mission 02 (mono)0G (stereo)

'odulation 0'

Receiver !uperheterodyne

Type of ropagation !pace ?ave

Antenna

olari5ation

ori5ontalJcircular

0' BROADA!T"#$


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CHANNELCHANNEL

NUMBERNUMBERCARRIER FREQUENCYCARRIER FREQUENCY

> GG.> '5: GG.2 '5

2 GG. '5

K KK K

>44 >4.F '5

0' BROADA!T"#$AOAT"O#!


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A!!! O0 0' !TAT"O#

A!!A!! TL O6RTL O6R

A >4 86 3 :86B > 86 3 >4 86

HH

RR "$T ABO*"$T ABO*A*RA$ TRRA"#A*RA$ TRRA"#

S >:86

S :444 ft

S 24 86 S 44 ft

S > 86 HH

D S >4 6 HH HH


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0' BROADA!T 0R=/#+AOAT"O#

0'n 0'>I (n 3 >)

B60' channel freEuency in '5

0'> freEuency of the >st0' channel GG.>

'5

n channel numberB6 channel band?idth :44 85


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0' BROADA!T 0R=/#+AOAT"O#

RH'A!"!

/! usec

/RO >4 usec

T"' O#!TA#T!

DH'A!"!

DOB+ : usec


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0' !TRO BROADA!T"#$

T?o audio signals ( and R) are mi

85

The dierence signal(HR) is D!B!

modulated in the :2to 2 85 slot about a

stereophonicsubcarrier of 2G 85.

PARAMETERS


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ilot subcarrier >F 85 IJH :5

!tereophonic subcarrier2G 85 (:

nd

harmonic of pilotsubcarrier

!tereophonic subcarriersuppression level

S >Q modulation of the maincarrier

0' !TRO BROADA!T"#$

!ubsidiary ommunications Authori5ation(!A)

icensed system ?hich has the purpose of providingbac8ground music for public buildings.


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0' 0R=/#+ AOAT"O#!

B d t


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:. Remote pic8HupBroadcast !tations

!tations in this service areto be used for the

transmission of auralprogramming materials

and associated cues anddata.2. ommunications,oordination and

ontrol in8

0' !TRO BROADA!T"#$

BroadcastTransmission

!ervices

!tations in this serviceare to be used as relay of

aural programmingmaterials from studio totransmitter and bet?een

N. !tudioHto Transmitter

in8 (!T)


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>. !tandard emission for0' broadcasta. A2

b. 20c. 02d. BG

:. 0reEuency deviation ofstandard 0' broadcast

a. : 85b. 4 85c. 85d. >44 85

R*"6 =/!T"O#!

2. 0' broadcast guard banda. IJH >4 85b. IJH > 85

c. IJH : 85d. IJH 24 85

@. 0' broadcast pilotsubcarrier

a. G 85b. >F 85c. 2G 85d. @> 85


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. 0' broadcast freEuency tolerancea. > 85b. : 85

c. 85d. >4 85

C. 0' broadcast time constant forreHemphasis

a. usecb. usecc. CG usecd. G> usec

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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. The class of 0' station, ?hich has an authori5ed radiatedpo?er not e: 8?.

a. lass A

b. lass Bc. lass d. lass D

G. An 0' broadcast station, ?hich has an authori5ed transmitterpo?er not e4 8? and R not e


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F. A class of 0' station ?hich is limited in antenna height of44 ft above average terrain.

a. lass A

b. lass Bc. lass d. lass D

>4. The class of 0' station used for educational purposes

a. lass Ab. lass Bc. lass d. lass D

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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>>. The class of 0' station used for nonHcommercialand community service purposes.

a. lass Ab. lass Bc. lass d. lass D

>:. The Nrst channel in the 0' broadcast band has acenter freEuency of

a. GG '5b. GG.> '5c. GG.2 '5d. >4G '5

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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>2. 'a


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>. 6hat is the deviation ratio for commercial 0';a. >b. :c. d. >4

>C. 6hat is the radio transmission of t?o separatesignals, left and right, used to create amultidimensional eect on the receiver;

a. !Ab. !tereo systemc. ilot transmissiond. 'onophonic transmission

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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>. The freEuency spectrum of the stereophonic signala. C 85b. F. to @. 85

c. >F to 2G 85d. 24 to 2 85

>G. 0' broadcast receivers in the GG 3 >4G '5 have an "0 nominala. @ 85

b. >4. '5c. > '5d. 44 85

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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>F. o? many commercial 0' broadcast channels canNt into the band?idth occupied by a commercial "*station;

a. >4b. :4c. 24d. @4

:4. The carrier freEuency tolerance for 0' broadcastinga. IJH : 85b. IJH : 85c. IJH :4 85d. IJH 24 85

R*"6 =/!T"O#!


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:>. 6here is deHemphasis added in a stereo 0'system;a. before the matri< at the T2

/0 3 A##! >@ H G2

FLO*ER- N /"$#

FLO*ER- N /

$0

@4 3 GF4 '5



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T* BROADA!T"#$!TA#DARD!

RP STANDARD

BroadcastingBand

@ 3 GF4 '5

h : to @ (@ 3 : '5) *0 o?

h to C (C 3 GG '5)

h to >2 (>@ 3 :>C '5) *0

ighh >@ to G2 (@4 3 GF4 '5) /0

hannel ?idth C '5

Baseband 0reE *ideo1 4 3 @ '5 Audio1 4 5 3 >

85



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PARAMETERSPARAMETERS

'a< no. ofstations

: stations

icture "01 @. '5

!ound "01 @>.: '5

icture arrier1 IJH >444 5

olor arrier1 IJH >4 5

!ound arrier1 IJH >444 5

0c Tolerance

"0 H R.$>R / >.;=G /Y - >.$>R / >.;=G /

>.""B>.""B

#.#.

CHROMINANCECHROMINANCE

Term used to combineboth hue (amplitude of signal) and saturation

(phase angle)"s the 2.G '5 color

subcarrier ?ith

Euadrature modulation by" and = color signals

a. IN?PHASE CHROMINANCEa. IN?PHASE CHROMINANCE


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olor video signal transmitted as amplitudemodulation of the 2.G '5 signal

The only color video signal ?ith band?idthof 4 to >.2 '5

I - >.>R ( >.#0G (I - >.>R ( >.#0G (

>.$#B>.$#B

The positive polarity of the " signal is orange?hile the negative polarity is cyan

RO'"#A# !"$#A!

b. QUADRATURE PHASE CHROMINANCEb. QUADRATURE PHASE CHROMINANCE


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olor video signal that modulates the 2.G

'5 signal in Euadrature ?ith the " signal

?ith band?idth of 4 to 4. '5

Q - >.#"R ( >.;#G /Q - >.#"R ( >.;#G /

>.$"B>.$"B

The positive polarity of the = signal is purple

?hile the negative polarity is yello? green

RO'"#A# !"$#A!


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A#AO$ OOR T* !+!T'! "# T6ORD (A!T RAT"O, @12)

#T!

#ationalTelevision!tandardsommitte

e(American

)

haseAlteration

by ine(British,

$erman)

A

!eEuentialolor and'emory(0rench)

!A'

SIMILARITYSIMILARITY


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They separate the luminance and chrominance information andtransmit the chrominance information in the form of : color

dierence signals ?hich modulate a color subcarrier freEuencytransmitted ?ithin the sideband of the luminance signal.

DIFFERENCEDIFFERENCE

OOR TRA#!'"!!"O# !TA#DARD!

The processing of the chrominance information

#T! 3 subcarrier freEuency is amplitude modulated

A 3 subcarrier freEuency is phase modulated

!A' 3 subcarrier freEuency is freEuency modulated

B/ I RD 'A$#TA


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OOR O'B"#AT"O#!

$R# I RD

$R# I B/

$R# I B/ I RD

+O6

+A#

6"T

". TRANSLATORS". TRANSLATORS


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Retransmit the signals ofT* broadcast station byfreEuency conversionand

ampliNcation?ithoutsigniNcantly altering anycharacteristic e


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A communications system that gatherslocal , remote, playbac8s and satellite

signals and sent by coa


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HEADENDHEADENDThe main hub of the AT* system ?here the signals from allsources originate, then processed, ampliNed and distributed to

the subscribers.

ART! O0 T AT* !+!T'

B. OUTSIDE PLANTB. OUTSIDE PLANT

art of the AT* system that provides the distribution of theT* signals from the head end to the paying subscribers.

C. SUBSCRIBER PREMISE EQUIPMENTC. SUBSCRIBER PREMISE EQUIPMENT

The end of the line of the AT* system, ?here the cablesignals ?ere delivered from its origin to the subscriber.


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ART! O0 T AT* !+!T'


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ART! O0 T AT* !+!T'

$. MAT! ( MASTER ANTENNA TELE!ISION$. MAT! ( MASTER ANTENNA TELE!ISION


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The means by ?hich many apartments,houses, hotels, schools and other multiHunit

buildings distribute T* and 0' signals to anumber of receivers.

OTR T* !R*"!

DI!ISIONSDI!ISIONS

>. ead end

:. Distribution !ystem

A.A.

HEADENDHEADEND


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HEADENDHEADEND#ormally consists of an antenna installation to receive the

desired signals, processing eEuipment to Nlter the signals and

remove interference, and a distribution ampliNer to amplify thesignals to the level reEuired to provide an adeEuate signal toevery receiver in the system.

ART! O0 T 'AT* !+!T'

B. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMB. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

rovides a clean signal to the sets by isolating each receiverfrom the system and by delivering the proper amount of

signal to each set

'. CCT! ( CLOSED CIRCUIT TELE!ISION'. CCT! ( CLOSED CIRCUIT TELE!ISION


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A T* system that operates on aclosed loop basisV T* images

are only available to thoseconnected to the closed loop.

OTR T* !R*"!

Applications1 educational,business, industry, medicine,traWc control, surveillance

omponents1 amera and lens,oa


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Euality than analog systems,similar to the dierencebet?een a compact disc

recording (using digitaltechnology) and an audiotape

or longHplaying record.

D"$"TA T*"!"O#

p ydigital video broadcasts(in both highHdeNnition

and standardHdeNnitionformats) for consumervie?ing.

Digital television uses

technology that records,transmits, and decodes asignal in digital formXthatis, as a series of ones and

5eros.

"t also permits additional

features to be embeddedin signals including

program and consumerinformation as ?ell as

interactivities.

There are three typesof broadcast digitaltelevision (DT*) each ?ith progressively better


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television (DT*), each ?ith progressively betterpicture and sound Euality1

T+! O0 D"$"TA T*"!"O#

Digital technologyis being developed

that ?ill oersharper pictures on

?ider screens, andDT* ?ith cinemaH

Euality images.ighHDeNnition T* (DT*)

!tandardHDeNnition T*(!DT*)

nhancedHDeNnition T*(DT*)

'0>3

@G4 lines by :4 pi


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y p?ide, displayed in interlaced

format.

ommittee established by the 0 to deNne ne?standards for publicly regulated broadcast television in

the /nited !tates

Ad@anc2d T2l2@336n St21 C6113tt22 %ATSC,

!TA#DARD D0"#"T"O# T*"!"O#

"t has a @12 or >C1F aspect ratio,:F.FH5 frame rate, as deNned

by the AT! standard.

'0>7


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ighHdeNnition television(DT*) image that is @G4

vertical lines by :4 hori5ontalpiC1F aspect

ratio, F.F@ 5, :F.F 5, and:2.FG 5 frame rates, as

deNned by the AT! standard

ighHdeNnition video formats that have >C1F aspectratio. $enerally refers to >4G4i or :4p images.


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"$ D0"#"T"O# T*"!"O#

y p g

>,4G4 verticallines by >,F:4

hori5ontal pi0>

3:4 vertical lines

by >,:G4 hori5ontalpi


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ma8e use of a special substancethat changes properties ?hen a

small electric current is applied toit.

D technology has already beenused e


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larger.

"n gasHplasma displays, a small

electric current stimulates aninert gas sand?iched bet?een

glass panels, including onecoated ?ith phosphors that emit

light in various colors.

6hile Must G cm (2 in) thic8,plasma screens can be more

than >4 cm (C4 in) diagonally.

0AT A# T*"!"O#

Am Fm Tv Broadcasting

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