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Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Mar 17, 2018

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Page 1: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

AlyssaBrzenski 

Page 2: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Overview Basic statistics of Cleft Lips and Cleft Palate Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates Common Associated Syndromes Anesthetic Implications Common complications

Page 3: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding
Page 4: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding
Page 5: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding
Page 6: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding
Page 7: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding
Page 8: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding
Page 9: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding
Page 10: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Cleft Lip/Palate Statistics

Merrit L. Understanding the Embryology and Genetics of Cleft Lip and Palate.  Advances in Neonatal Care 2005; 5: 64‐71.

Page 11: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Risk Factors

Merrit L. Understanding the Embryology and Genetics of Cleft Lip and Palate.  Advances in Neonatal Care 2005; 5: 64‐71.

Page 12: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Embryology

Merrit L. Understanding the Embryology and Genetics of Cleft Lip and Palate.  Advances in Neonatal Care 2005; 5: 64‐71.

Page 13: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Facial Development

Page 14: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Cleft Lip Embryology

Page 15: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Cleft Palate

Page 16: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Non‐syndromic Orofascial Clefts

Mossey et al. Cleft Lip and Palate.  Lancet 2009;  374: 1773‐85. 

Page 17: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Pierre Robin  Retrognathia Glossoptosis

Page 18: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Treacher Collins Mandibular hypoplasia Triangular facies Cleft palate Microtia Cardiac anomalies Renal anomalies Choanal atresia

Page 19: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Goldenhar Syndrome Orbital Distortion Mandibular Hypoplasia Ear Anomaly Nerve involvement (auricular, ophthalmologic, facial nerve)

Soft Tissue deficiency

Page 20: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Should I expect a difficult intubation? 7% of children for Cleft lip or Cleft palate 

Retrognathia Age less than 6 months Bilateral cleft Wide Cleft

No difficulty ventilating

Page 21: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Anesthesia Mask Induction PIVx1 Intubate and place an oral rae Balanced anesthetic Post‐op Pain control with long‐acting narcotic 

Infraorbital Nerve blocks for cle Awake on extubation to protect airway May have tounge stich Avoid oral airways

Page 22: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Infraorbital Nerve Block

Pediatric Peripheral Nerve Blocks. NYSORA.

Page 23: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Causes of Upper Airway obstruction Edema of the tongue from the Dingman retractor Reduction in the size of the oropharynx Excessive sedation

Page 24: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding
Page 25: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Post‐operative Palate Fistula Causes Type of cleft Wound tension Type of repair Single layer repair Infection Age of patient at time of repair

Page 26: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Future Procedures Ear Tubes Palatoplasty‐ for velopharyngeal insufficiency Alveolar Bone Graft (8‐10 years of age) Extensive orthodontic care Speech Therapy

Page 27: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Questions?

Page 28: Alyssa Brzenski - University of California, San Diegoanes-som.ucsd.edu/.../Ped_lectures/PDF/ENT_CleftLipandPalate.pdf · Basic embryology of Cleft Lips and Palates ... Merrit L. Understanding

Sources Merrit L. Understanding the Embryology and Genetics of Cleft Lip and Palate.  Advances in Neonatal Care 2005; 5: 64‐71. Arteau‐Gauthier I, Leclerc JE, Godbout A. Can we predict a difficult intubation in cleft lip/palate patients? J Otolaryngol Head 

Neck Surg. 2011; 40:413‐9. Mossey PA, Little J, Munger RG, Dixon MJ, Shaw WC. Cleft lip and Palate. The Lancet. 2009; 374: 1773‐85. Loose JE, et al. A Successful Algorithm for Limiting Postoperative Fistulae following Palatal Procedures in the Patient with 

Orofacial Clefting. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2008; 122: 544‐54. Shan Phua Y, Chalain T.Incidence of Oronasal Fistulae and Velopharyngeal Insufficiency After Cleft Palate Repair: An Audit of 211 

Children Born Between 1990 and 2004. Cleft Palate‐Craniofacial Journal. 2008; 45: 172‐8. Cote, Lerman, Todres. A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children. 2009. 4th Ed.  Tremlett M. Anaesthesia for Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery.  Current Anaesthesia and Critical Care. 2004; 15: 309‐16.