ALTERRA Organic matter / nitrogen simulations with SWAP/ANIMO Joop Kroes & Piet Groenendijk
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Organic matter / nitrogen
simulations with SWAP/ANIMOJoop Kroes & Piet Groenendijk
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Purpose of modelling efforts
Prediction of environmental impacts of: Fertilization legislation Water management Land use Special combating measuresWith respect to: Nitrate concentrations in groundwater N & P transport to surface waters Soil P saturation degree Trace gas emissions (just started)
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Key EC Directives Key EC Directives Nitrates 91/676 Nitrates 91/676 Water Framework Water Framework
2000/60/EC2000/60/EC
Marine Conventions Marine Conventions (e.g. (e.g. OSPAR, HELCOMOSPAR, HELCOM, ,
Barcelona);Barcelona);
Introduction
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Time scales considered
Water Framework Directive / Nitrate Directive related
Duration: 10 – 50 year Frequency: annual estimates
Generates input to surface quality models: Duration: 1 – 10 years Frequency: daily or weekly
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Dutch assessment approach for N/P leaching
to gw/sw Characterized by shallow groundwater tables
(deltas; wetlands)
Intensive land use (agriculture, urbanisation)
Process oriented modelling approach
National and regional assessments with the same approach
Consensus between research organisations
ALTERRA National assessmentNational assessmentSTONE model chainSTONE model chain
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Plots: calculation units
soil
hydrology
crops
historical P-accumulation
management
fertilization
relation with deep groundwater
Regional appraoch
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transpiration
Saturatedzone
Plant
precipitation
soil-evaporation
Surface waters
Deep Groundwater
surface runoff
- Transport of soilwater- Macro pores
interception
Atmosphere
drainage/subsurfaceinfiltration
drainage/subsurfaceinfiltration
deep percolation/seepage
Unsaturatedzone
snow melt
Hydrological pathways
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PLANT
Gross Rainfall/Irrigation
Interception
SNOW
POND
SOIL
surfacewater
Snowfall
Nett Rainfall/Irrigation
Runon
Runoff
Soil Evaporation
Plant Evaporation
Infiltration/Exfiltration
Drainage/Infiltration
Up/downward seepage
Melt
Precipitation
Inundation
Sublimation
Flow between sub systems
ALTERRASolution soil water flow equation
• Field conditions require numerical solution• Numerical solution needs:
– water retention function (h)– hydraulic conductivity function K()
– root water extraction function S(h)– initial conditions– top and bottom boundary conditions
hSz
z
hhK
t
hhC
1
ALTERRAModelling of crop growth : Wofost sub model
Ta/Tp
LAI
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Animo model
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Transport en transformation processes as influenced byaeration, temperature, drought-stress and pH
Fertilizer Manure Cropresidues
Deposition Biol.N-fixation
Yield LeachingVolatilization Denitrification
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Fresh Org.MatterExudates
NO3
CO2
NH4
PO4
sorption
NH3
CO2
diff-precip
Diss. Org.Matter
CO2
CO2
sorption
Humus / biomass
Groundwater
Tile drains
Surface runoff
Streams and canals
Field ditches
Atmosphere
Manure and fertilizers
Crops
N2
Crop uptake
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Parameterizarion of organic matter pool
}7.4)(7.4exp{ 6.06.0
0
tY
Yt
tttt eaFRaFReaFReaFRY
Y 02.02.02
0)
18.0
2.0)1(
98.1
2()
18.0
2.01()1()
98.1
21( 1 ANIMO:
Empirical relation:
0705.01096.00673.00066.0
4767.16904.01394.00105.023
23
a
FRAnimo parameters related to empirical relation:
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cattle slurry
empirical rel.
* * * * * * * * * * * * ANIMO