Alternative source of energy

Alternative Source Of Energy

Prepared by: Kristel Charmaine Feudo

Alternative Source Of Energy

Nuclear Power (fission and fusion) Solar

Energy

Geothermal Energy

Nuclear fission takes place when a large, somewhat unstable isotope (atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons) is bombarded by high-speed particles, usually neutrons.

This splits the target nucleus and breaks it down into two smaller isotopes (the fission products), three high-speed neutrons, and a large amount of energy.

Nuclear Fission releases heat energy by splitting atoms.

The high-speed electrons that are ejected become projectiles that initiate other fission reactions, or chain reactions.

Nuclear Power (fission and fusion)

A nuclear power uses uranium as a "fuel.“

Inside the reactor of an atomic power plant, uranium atoms are split apart in a controlled chain reaction.

The reaction also creates radioactive material.

Nuclear Power (fission and fusion)

Nuclear fusion refers to the “union of atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei resulting in the release of enormous amounts of energy”.

Fusion takes place when two low-mass isotopes, typically isotopes of hydrogen, unite under conditions of extreme pressure and temperature.

This gives off heat and light and other radiation.

Nuclear Power (fission and fusion)

Nuclear Power (fission and fusion)

Solar Energy

Solar panels convert the sun's light in to usable solar energy Photovoltaic (PV) effect-The process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage) Solar energy technologies use the sun's energy and light to provide heat, light, hot water, electricity, and even cooling, for homes, businesses, and industry.

Current technologies allow us to use solar energy in three ways:

1. Passive solar Heating - absorb and stores the Sun’s heat directly

2. Active Solar Heating - absorb the Sun’s energy and use it to heat water.

3. Electricity produce by Solar cells- produces electricity directly from sunlight

Solar Energy

Solar Energy Solar Energy Technologies:

Solar Hot Water

Passive Solar Heating and Daylighting

Photovoltaic Systems

Solar Electricity

Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity.

They are made of semiconducting materials similar to those used in

computer chips The performance of a solar cell is

measured in terms of its efficiency at turning sunlight into electricity. Only sunlight of certain energies will work efficiently to

create electricity, and much of it is reflected or absorbed by the material that make up

the cell . The first solar cells, built in the 1950s,

had efficiencies of less than 4%.

Photovoltaic Systems

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/solar-energy/tech/solarpv.html

Solar Hot WaterSun can be used to heat

water used in buildings and swimming pools.

Solar water heating systems for buildings have two main parts: a solar collector and a storage tank

Solar water heating systems can be either active or passive, but

the most common are active systems.

Use the sun's heat to produce electricity.

Three main types of concentrating solar power systems: parabolic-trough, dish/engine, and power tower.

Parabolic-trough systems concentrate the sun's energy through long rectangular, curved (U-shaped) mirrors.

Solar Electricity

A dish/engine system uses a mirrored dish

(similar to a very large satellite dish). The dish-shaped surface collects and

concentrates the sun's heat onto a receiver, which absorbs the

heat and transfers it to fluid within the engine.

Solar Electricity

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/solarenergy/tech/solarconcentrating.html

A power tower system uses a large field of mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto the top of a tower, where a receiver sits. This heats molten salt flowing through the receiver. Then, the salt's heat is used to generate electricity through a conventional steam generator.

Solar Electricity

Buildings designed for passive solar heating usually have large, south-facing windows. Materials that absorb and store the sun's heat can be built into the sunlit floors and walls. The floors and walls will then heat up during the day and slowly release heat at night, when the heat is needed most. This passive solar design feature is called direct gain.

Passive Solar Heating and Daylighting

Other passive solar heating design:A sunspace is much like a greenhouse. As

sunlight passes through glass or other glazing, it warms the sunspace.

A trombe wall is a very thick, south-facing wall, which is painted black and made of a material that absorbs a lot of heat.

Daylighting is simply the use of natural sunlight to brighten up a building's interior.

Passive Solar Heating and Daylighting

Geothermal Energy

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/geothermal-energy/tech.html

The Earth's heat-called geothermal energy-escapes as steam at a hot springs in Nevada. Credit: Sierra Pacific

Power plant in Tongonan, region Ormoc City, Leyte (Picture: PNOC)

Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Energy Technologies

Geothermal Electricity ProductionGeothermal

Direct Use

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Geothermal Electricity Production

Most power plants need steam generate electricity. There are three types of the geothermal power plants: dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle.

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/geothermal-energy/tech/geoelectricity.html

Dry steam power plants draw from underground resources of steam. The steam is piped directly from underground wells to the power plant, where it is directed into a turbine/generator unit.

Flash steam power plants use geothermal reservoirs of water with temperatures greater than 360°F (182°C).

Geothermal Electricity Production

Binary cycle power plants operate on water at lower temperatures of about 225°-360°F (107°-182°C). These plants use the heat from the hot water to boil a working fluid, usually an organic compound with a low boiling point. The working fluid is vaporized in a heat exchanger and used to turn a turbine.

Geothermal Electricity Production

Geothermal reservoirs of hot water, which are found a couple of miles or more beneath the Earth's surface, can also be used to provide heat directly.In modern direct-use systems, a well is drilled into a geothermal reservoir to provide a steady stream of hot water. The water is brought up through the well, and a mechanical system - piping, a heat exchanger, and controls - delivers the heat directly for its intended use.

Geothermal Direct Use http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/geothermal-energy/tech/geodirectuse.html

Geothermal Heat PumpsGeothermal heat pump systems consist of basically three parts: the ground heat exchanger, the heat pump unit, and the air delivery system (ductwork). In the winter, the heat pump removes heat from the heat exchanger and pumps it into the indoor air delivery system. In the summer, the process is reversed, and the heat pump moves heat from the indoor air into the heat exchanger.

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/geothermal-energy/tech/geoheatpumps.html

• In the Philippines geothermal energy already  provides 27% of the country's total electricity production generated in power plants. Geothermal power plants are on the islands Luzon, Negros, Mindanao and Leyte.

• The production of the electricity by geothermal plants is cheaper than the electricity produced in plants by using natural gas and coal. It is even cheaper than electricity produced by hydro power stations.

• Worldwide, the Philippines rank second to the United States in producing geothermic energy.

• Leyte is one of the island in the Philippines where geothermic power plants were developed. The developments here started in 1977 by the company PNOC.