Alternative Energy 30 Hour - Part 1 Student Workbook · Alternative Energy (30 hour) - 73.10 Student Workbook LJ Technical Systems SW1.1 Assignment 1 Burning Up Table 1 The Power

Alternative Energy30 Hour - Part 1Student Workbook

Issue: US100/30/2a-IQ-0302A

Copyright 2003, LJ Technical Systems. No part of thisPublication may be adapted or reproduced in any material form,without the prior written permission of LJ Technical Systems.

Written by: LJ Technical Dept

Alternative Energy (30 hour) - 73.10 Student Workbook

LJ Technical Systems SW1.1

Assignment 1 Burning Up

Table 1

The Power Specification Table above should also be used for Assignment 2, task 1

Assignment 2 Power to the People

The type of power plant I have chosen for Belle Valley is

..............................................................................................................................................................................



Mark the location of your power station on the map below.

Diagram 2.3



Write the reasons for your choice in the spaces below

I chose / did not choose (delete as applicable) a coal-fired power station because:

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

I chose / did not choose a nuclear power station because:

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

I chose / did not choose a hydroelectric power station because:

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

I chose / did not choose a gas-fired power station because:

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

I chose / did not choose a solar power station because:

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

I chose / did not choose a wind power station because:

.........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................



Assignment 3 Stinker

Sources of Air Polluting gases:

Graph 3.1 Graphical comparison of the amount of pollutant gas produced annuallyby Man and by Nature.



In task 3 plot a bar chart (graph 3.1) to show the amount of pollutant gas produced annually by Nature. Intask 4 plot the figures for the amount produced annually by Man.

Do this in such a way that you can read both sets of information at the same time without getting themconfused, e.g. use two different colors. (See the carbon monoxide example that has been completedfor you.)

Assignment 4 Heat, Energy, Power and Work

Personal Power CalculationFill in table 4.1 as you go along. Record your weight, measurements of a flight of stairs and time taken toclimb them. Use these measurements to calculate work done and your personal power. (Do the same foryour partner):

Height of1 stair

(ft)

No. ofStairs

Force(your weight)

(lb)

VerticalDistance

(ft)

Workdone =Force x distance

(ft-lbf)

Time(s)

Example 125 0.5 20 0.5 x 20 =10 125 x 10 = 1250 20 1250/20 = 62.5 62.5/550 = 0.11

You

Your Partner

Power =Workdone

time(ftlb/s)

Power =ftlb/s550(hp)

Table 4.1 Calculating your personal power from the time taken to climb a measuredflight of stairs.

Energy change is and .................. . Power is the ......... of energy change.



Assignment 5 Work

Work is done when a ...................... is used to .................................. something.

Calculate the work done by four people (A, B, C and D) lifting 50 lb sacks onto shelves of different heights.(Complete the 'Work' column of table 5.1):

No. of sacks(50lb each)

Height of shelf(ft)

Work(ft-lbf)

A

B

C

D

222

420

402

321

369

369

369

369

Total

Total

Total

Total

(1hp = 550ft-lbf/s)

Table 5.1 Conversion of force and distance, into work done.



Assignment 6 Power

Four fork lifts have a race. Complete the work and power columns of the table of race results:

Weight (lbf)Fork lift

Fork lift A

Fork lift C

Fork lift D

Fork lift B

Distance (ft) Work (ft-lbf) Time (s) Power (ft-lb/s)

100 5 6

100 10 10

100 15 12

1510200

(1hp = 550ft-lbf/s)Table 6.1 Conversion of force, distance and time to calculate work and power.

Assignment 7 The Transformation of Energy (Part One)

Fill in the table for calculating the height of objects (table 7.1).(Some example figures for an electricity pole have already been added).

Object Angle ofElevation

( )°

Tangentof Angle

(T)

Distance frombase of object

(D)

D x T Height(H)

Actual Height =(H) + eye level

of observer

Actual Height

123

123

123

123

676665

Average 66 2.25 25' 2.25 x 25' 56.15' 56.15' + 5.8 = 61.95'

Table 7.1 Conversion of 'Altiscan' reading to actual height of an object.

You can use the 'Altiscan' to measure the .................... of a moving rocket, in order to calculate its energy.



Assignment 8 The Transformation of Energy (Part Two)

Record your 'Rokit' results in table 8.1:

# AscentTime(s)

DescentTime(s)

Maximumheight

(ft)

AscentVelocity

(ft/s)

DescentVelocity

(ft/s)

Mass of'Rokit'

(lb)

1

2

3

0.1375

Mass of'Rokit' & Fuel

(lb)

Distance of'Rokit' from'Altiscan' (ft)

'Altiscan'Angle

( )°

Tangentof Angle

( )°

0.687

Table 8.1 Converting ascent/descent times and 'Altiscan' reading into maximumheight and velocities of the rocket.

Assignment 9 Kinetic and Potential Energy

Potential energy is ................................................................................................................................................Kinetic energy is .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................



Using the formulae provided and the data from Assignment 8, calculate:

a) The potential energy of your 'Rokit' at its maximum altitude:

Potential Energy = mgh = ............. x ............ x ............ = ft-lbf

b) The kinetic energy of your 'Rokit' on descent:

Kinetic Energy = 12 mv²

= 12 x x ............ x ............

= ............ ft-lbf

Assignment 10 Sun Tan

In table 10.1, record the height of yourself and your partner, the length of your shadows and the time ofday. In column 3 calculate the tangents of the angles and then convert these to angles in column 4:

1Height (ins)

2Shadow (ins)

Tangent1 2÷

Time

You

Yourpartner

Tan Angle-1

Table 10.1 Measuring the angle of the Sun using a tangent ratio



Shadow lengths of a 10" stick in the ground at different times of the day:Complete the following table. In column 3 calculate the tangents of the angles and then convert these toangles in column 4. Then use the table to plot a graph of Sun angle against time.

1Height (ins)

2Shadow (ins)

0900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

16

11.75

9.2

8

7.7

8

9.2

11.75

16

Tangent1 2÷

Angle ofElevation

( )°

Table 10.2 Calculating tangents of angles and converting to angles.

Graph 10.1 Sun angle against time



Assignment 11 Spot Light

Output of the solar cell:Record the meter readings for task 2:

Sunlight

Volts mA

Table 11.1 Output of a solar cell in sunlight.

Record the voltage and current produced by the solar cell for each of the different angles of the Sun (lamp):

Solar Cell AngleOn Mat (°)

Voltage(Volts)

Current(mA)

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Table 11.2 How the angle of the Sun (lamp) affects the output of a solar cell



Assignment 12 Wind Powered Generator:Blade Angles

Record the maximum voltage and current fromthe wind powered generator for each of theblade angles.

Table 12.1 The effect of blade angle on the output of awind powered generator.

Angle ofBlades

( )°

Current Voltage(mA) (Volts)

30°

45°

60°

90°

Plot a graph of angle of pitch against current output:

Graph 12.1



Assignment 13 Wind Powered Generator: Blade Area

Record the length of the 3 sets of blades and work out their area:

Blade Length (ins) x Width (ins) = Area (sq ins)

C

A 1

1.5

2

B

Table 13.1 Calculating area of wind powered generator blades.

Record the voltage and current for sets of blades of widths 1", 1.5" and 2", (wind powered generator atposition C and blades set to 30°)and fill in columns 3 and 4:

Blade

A(Width 1")

B(Width 1.5")

C(Width 2")

Voltage (V) Current (mA) Area (sq ins) CurrentArea

Table 13.2 Calculating and comparing output for different blade areas



Plot a graph (graph 13.1) of current output against area for blades of widths 1", 1.5" and 2".(In assignment 14 you will add the test results for blades of widths 2.5" and 5". Plot them in a differentcolor and join them to your original curve.)

Graph 13.1 Current output of a wind powered generator against blade area.

Recorded test information from some wind powered generators:Fill in the missing data:

Blade Numberof Blades

Length ofBlade

(ft)

Width ofBlade

(ft)

Total Areaof Blade

(sq ft)

PowerOutput(MW)

A

B

C

D

2

2

2

3

50

50

100

100

4

6

5

4

600

1200

1.25

1.5

3.0

2.5

PowerArea

(kW/sq ft)

Table 13.3 Calculating blade area and power output for wind powered generators



Predicting current output:Predict the current output for blades of area 8.75 sq. in. and 17.5 sq. in:

Area8.75 sq ins

17.5 sq ins

CurrentOutput

Table 13.4 Predicting current output for given blade areas using a graph of currentagainst area.

Assignment 14 Efficiency of a Wind Powered Generator

Record the voltage and current for blades of widths 2.5" and 5" (wind powered generator at position C andblades set to 30°) and fill in columns 3 and 4. Don't forget to add the test results to graph 13.1!

Blade

D(Width 2.5")

E(Width 5")

Voltage (V) Current (mA) Area (sq ins) CurrentArea

Table 14.1 Calculating and comparing output for different blade areas.

Were your predictions close to the real results? (Yes or No) .........

If not, why?..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................



Assignment 15 Water Power

Output of a HEP plant:Solve the following problem:

1 lbm

1 lbm

DAM

h = 360 ft

What is the maximum power of the water flowing through a turbine inside the dam shown?

Each pound of water has potential energy of Weight x Height

Height = 360 ftFlow = 100,000 lbm of water per second

Potential energy of water is ......................... lbm x ........................ft = ....................... ft-lbf

This amount of force pushes past the turbine 100,000 times per second (mass flow rate):

Power = (Potential energy ÷÷÷÷ time) x mass flow rate

Power = ft-lbf second x 100,000 lbm/s = ft-lbf/s

1 hp = 550 ft-lbf/s

So, in hp:-

Power = ft-lbf/s

550 = ........ ......................... hp

Of course no system is 100% efficient. Energy is lost by friction in pipes, turbulence drag, heating up, etc.An efficient hydro-electric power plant might run at 70%, so the typical output would be:

70100 x ......................... hp = hp



Alternative Energy30 Hour - Part 2Student Workbook

Issue: US100/30/2b-IQ-0302A

Copyright 2003, LJ Technical Systems. No part of thisPublication may be adapted or reproduced in any material form,without the prior written permission of LJ Technical Systems.

Written by: LJ Technical Dept



Assignment 16 Dam Problems (Part One)

Note down any important observations you make about the sites, under the 3 headings of the section you areconcerned with (Land Use Consultant or Ecologist):

The Land Use Consultant

! Changes in patterns of land use

..............................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................................." Resettlement of people affected by the building of the dam

..............................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................# The Malaria problem and how it could be affected by the dam

..............................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................................

The Ecologist

! The effect of flooding on wildlife.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................." The impact on fisheries further down stream..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................# Soil erosion in the areas where the reservoirs collect rainwater......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................



Assignment 17 Dam Problems (Part Two)

Environmental Impact Assessment Summary Table:

Fill in your part of table 17.1. In each 'Impact' box, put whether you think the impact of the HEP schemewould be high, medium or low. High gets 3 points, medium gets 2 points and low gets 1 point.

Then add up the totals for each of the sites in the Environmental Impact Table:

Site 1 - Rain Forest (jungle) ....................................Site 2 - Desert ....................................Site 3 - Savannah (tropical grassland) ....................................



Environmental Impact AssessmentSummary Table

ECOLOGIST LAND USE CONSULTANT

Effect onwildlife

Effect onfisheries

Soilerosion

Land usepatterns

LocalCommunities(resettlement

problems)

Malaria

SITE

Impact of HEP schemes

Are there ways to reduceany impact? If so, whatare they?

Rain Forest

Effect onwildlife

Effect onfisheries

Soilerosion

Land usepatterns


problems)

Malaria


Are there ways to reduceany impact? If so whatare they?

Desert DESERT

Effect onwildlife

Effect onfisheries

Soilerosion

Land usepatterns


problems)

Malaria


Are there ways to reduceany impact? If so, whatare they?

Savanna SAVANNA

Table 17.1 Assessing the impact of the HEP scheme on the surrounding area



Assignment 18 Energy for Societies (Part One)

Make brief notes under the headings given as you watch the video:

The U.S.A.'s dependence on fossil fuels:............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................The effect of coal burning on the environment:........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Nuclear fuel and the cost of nuclear energy:..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Solar heated house - using solar energy to heat space:........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Cost of photo-voltaic cell:............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................



Assignment 19 Energy for Societies (Part Two)

Using the data presented in your Assignment Guide, fill in the table. (You will find the populations of thetowns/cities in table 19.2):

Town/City Energy consumption/inhabitant kWh

Windhrs/24hrs

Sunhrs/24hrs

SunkWh/m2a

Mean Temp°C/°F

Population

Delhi(India)

Khartoum(Sudan)

Lappeenranta(Finland)

Los Angeles(USA)

Trondheim(Norway)

Table 19.1 Assessing suitable locations for the use of renewable energy sources

For each location, find the price of electricity per inhabitant and insert the two cheapest and the mostexpensive prices into table 19.2:

Town/City Population CheapestEnergy

Cost¢/kWh

2ndCheapestEnergy

Cost¢/kWh

MostExpensive

Energy

Cost¢/kWh

Delhi(India) 5,000 000

Khartoum(Sudan) 250,000

Lappeenranta(Finland) 10,000

Los Angeles(USA) 5,000 000

+Trondheim(Norway) 50,000

Table 19.2 Price comparison of the different ways of producing energy for5 locations



Assignment 20 Energy for Societies (Part Three)

For 5 different populations, record the price of electricity per inhabitant for the various types of energy:

Cost of energy in cents/kWh/inhabitant

Population Coal Nuclear Hydro Gas Solar Wind

10 000

50 000

250 000

1 000 000

5 000 000

Table 20.1 Price comparison of the different ways of producing energy for 5different populations

Assignment 21 E = mc²

The equation E = mc² enables us to calculate how much ............................ is produced by ........................ .Write E = mc² in words:.. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Staple here Animation flick book of nuclear fission.



Assignment 22 Is the Flame Worth the Candle?

Make notes under the first main heading if you are the Risk Assessment Consultant and the second if youare the Nuclear Fuel Consultant:

The risks involved in generating electricity by nuclear power:

Risks from accidents:....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Risks from radiation and leaks:..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The problems of dealing with spent nuclear fuel:

Where does nuclear fuel come from?..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................



What happens to the spent fuel rods?............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Help each other to list 6 points in favor and 6 against nuclear power:

FOR AGAINST

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

Table 22.1 Is nuclear power worth the risk?



Assignment 23 Inside a Nuclear Power Plant

Using the information in task 3, plot a decay graph for Caesium-137 for a 240 year period:

Graph 23.1 Decay graph - radioactivity level of a radioactive material over a periodof time.

The half-life of a radioactive material is .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Assignment 24 Warming-Up Exercises

Work out the heat loss from the ceiling area in an insulated house (question 24.3a):Rate of heat loss = U-value x area x temperature difference = ............... x .................. x = ............... W

Work out the heat loss from double glazed doors and windows in this house (question 24.3b):Rate of heat loss = ............... x .................. x

=................. WA material with a high U-value is a (good/bad) insulator.



Assignment 25 Stay Cool!

In table 25.1, record the internal temperature of the model house every 30 seconds (twice) for each of theinsulating materials. Work out the average total temperature increase for each material (referring to table25.1 of the Assignment Guide if you are not sure how to do this).

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Totaltemp.

change

Averagetotal temp.

change

Time(mins)

Polystyrene Corrugated board(foil outside)

Corrugated board(foil inside)

Corrugated board(no foil)

1 2Temperature ( F)°




Table 25.1 Insulation properties of 4 materials.

The best insulating material is (Name and describe in detail)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

This material is good at keeping the house cool because..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................



Assignment 26 "Can I interest you in some double glazing?"

Record the internal temperature of the model house every 30 seconds (twice) for 5 minutes.Calculate the average total temperature increase.Do this first for single glazing (table 26.1) then for double glazing (table 26.2).

Single Glazing

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Totaltemp.

change

Averagetotal temp.

change

Time(mins) 1 2

Temperature ( F)°

Table 26.1 Insulation property of single glazing

Double Glazing

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Totaltemp.

change

Averagetotal temp.

change

Time(mins) 1 2

Temperature ( F)°

Table 26.2 Insulation property of double glazing



From the tables, plot two sets of results. In red, plot the results for single glazing and in blue, plot theresults for double glazing (graph 26.1):

Graph 26.1 Temperature change inside the insulated box, for both single anddouble glazing, over 5 minutes.



Assignment 27 Designing An Energy Efficient House(Part One)

Design a self-sufficient, energy efficient house that uses no mains electricity. Try out an arrangement ofcomponents in Choice Table 1, which will form your first design:

COMPONENTS TYPE QUANTITY(No Units)

COST EACH($)

TOTAL COST($)

GRAND TOTALS

TOTAL SAVING(kWhr)

A

B

C

D

E

F

Windmill

SolarPanel

SingleGlazing

DoubleGlazing

HeatStorage

Insulation

WaterStorage

Table 27.1 Choice Table 1 - first house design.

Assignment 28 Designing An Energy Efficient House(Part Two)

The cost of building/converting houses to improve energy efficiency:

It ................... (is/is not) possible to build energy efficient houses for the same price as conventionalbuildings.

It costs ................... (more/less) to make alterations to an existing building, than to include energy savingdevices in a house as it is being built.



Try out another arrangement of components in Choice Table 2, which will form your second house design.


COST EACH($)

TOTAL COST($)

GRAND TOTALS

TOTAL SAVING(kWhr)

A

B

C

D

E

F

Windmill

SolarPanel

SingleGlazing

DoubleGlazing

HeatStorage

Insulation

WaterStorage

Table 28.1 Choice Table 2 - second house design.

Copy your best design into the final choice table:


COST EACH($)

TOTAL COST($)

GRAND TOTALS

TOTAL SAVING(kWhr)

A

B

C

D

E

F

Windmill

SolarPanel

SingleGlazing

DoubleGlazing

HeatStorage

Insulation

WaterStorage

Table 28.2 Choice Table 3 - final house design.





Solar panels - a maximum of 6 can be bought

Large Single Glazed Windows - 4 units each

Large Double Glazed Windows - 4 units each



Medium Single Glazed Windows - 1 unit each

Medium Single Glazed Windows - 1 unit each

Small Single Glazed Windows - 1/2 unit each Small Double Glazed Windows - 1/2 unit each

Heat Storage - Water Heat Storage - Sand Heat Storage - Rock

Water Storage Tanks



Heat Storage Water

Heat Storage Sand

Heat Storage Rock

Varying Widths of Insulation Masonary Wall



Carefully cut along the dotted lines of the components that you have chosen and stick them onto the model house plan.

If you havechosen to

use a windturbine,

carefully cutalong the

dotted linesof the onethat youwant and

stick it ontothe model

house plan.



Assignment 29 Bright Ideas (Part One)

Cost of running a fluorescent lamp:

Calculate the cost of running a fluorescent lamp for one year:

Cost of lamp = $ ............ for ................. hrsCost for 2000 hrs = $ ............

Amount of electricity = ............. W x .................. hrs= ....................kWh= ............. kWh

Cost of electricity = ............. kWh x ........... ¢/kWh= $ ............

Total Cost = $ ............ + $ ............= $ .............. per year

Calculate the cost of running a fluorescent lamp for five years:

Cost of lamp = $ ............ for ................... hrsCost for 2000 hrs = $ ............Cost for 5 yrs = $ ............

Amount of electricity = ............. W x ................... hrs= ....................kWh= ............. kWh

Cost of electricity = ............. kWh x ............¢/kWh= $ ............

Total Cost = $ ........... + $ ............= $ ................

Fluorescent lamps cost .................. (more/less) to run than tungsten filament bulbs.



Assignment 30 Bright Ideas (Part Two)

Saving money using solar energy to heat water:

Show your working for question 30.3b.

Saving for 4 square yards:............ $/kW x ............ kW x = $.......... x ........... = $ .......

So, total electricity bill:............ - ............ = $



FLICK BOOK FRAMES (SHEET 1 of 2)

Color the frames as instructed in Assignment 21, and carefully cut along the dotted lines.



FLICK BOOK FRAMES (SHEET 2 of 2)

Color the frames as instructed in Assignment 21, and carefully cut along the dotted lines.

Alternative Energy 30 Hour - Part 1 Student Workbook · Alternative Energy (30 hour) - 73.10 Student Workbook LJ Technical Systems SW1.1 Assignment 1 Burning Up Table 1 The Power

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