Alternate Pavement Bidding in Missouri

Alternate Pavement Bidding in Missouri

Natalie Roark, P.E.Missouri Department of Transportation

March 3, 2011

5,000 miles of Major Roads

27,000 miles of Minor Roads

10,000 Bridges

Radical Cost ControlResponsibility

Annual Pavement QuantitiesYear Asphalt Concrete

Tons $$ YD3 $$1992 4,950,706 106,542,443 599,575 30,760,634

1995 2,110,902 50,445,371 744,506 63,910,232

2000 5,115,218 200,192,172 1,141,790 108,794,341

2005 8,035,462 397,618,849 604,216 78,585,4452006 2,467,655 134,679,642 573,052 77,422,513

2007 3,745,808 178,237,592 867,917 103,433,9072008 2,087,204 122,035,246 667,354 90,891,896

2009 4,719,775 258,484,735 853,350 112,257,492

Cost Control in Missouriimplementation - the road to success

• Past Decade – Letting schedules optimized• Spring 2002 – Performance Specs written

• Fall 2003 – Alternate bidding pavements required

• December 2004 – Practical Design concept pitched to Commission

• Spring 2005 – Districts challenged to cut STIP 10%

• Fall 2005 – First Practical Design Policy written

• Fall 2007 – First ATC Project

• 2006 – First Design/Build Projects

Radical Cost Control• Concrete or asphalt? Let the marketplace decide.

Alternate Pavement Biddingmaximizing competition

ASPHALTCONCRETE

First Alternate Bidding PilotMissouri let five pilot projects in 1996Project conditions included

Design costs within 15% of each otherAt least one mile of pavingPrimary work was pavingMinimal grade change impactArea unit prices

An LCCA adjustment factor was used

First Alternate Bidding Pilot

Bidding Results: 3 Asphalt / 2 ConcreteLow paving prices, but not lower than

expected

Higher number of bidders per project

Overall - no verdict, process went dormant

Alternate Bidding RestartFall 2002

Pavement Team Developed: Composed of MoDOT, PCC and HMA paving industry, and FHWA representatives;

Recommended in 2003 to restart alternate pavement design bidding

Initial hesitation by concrete industry

LCCA assumptions difficult to reach consensus on

Alternate BiddingPavement Design

From 1993 – 2004 a simple catalogue design, derived from the 1986 AASHTO Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures, was used for new Jointed Plain Concrete pavements.

The Pavement Team recommended adopting a mechanistic-empirical (M-E) design approach for pavements in Missouri.

M-E Pavement Design GuideBeneficial component of making the Alternate Pavement

Bidding process successful.

Design method had common input parameters for both pavement types.

Adopted by AASHTO as state of the art design method.

Had industry support to make it successful.

‘Structurally Equivalent’ concrete

and asphalt construction and rehabilitation solutions

Life Cycle Cost Analysis Adjustment factor applied to the asphalt bid

Alternate Pavement Design

M-E Design ImplementationStarted using nationally-calibrated MEPDG program

at the beginning of 2005 for PCC and HMA designs.Average PCC thicknesses reduced by

~ 2” for high truck volume routes~ 1” for low to medium truck volume routes

Average HMA thicknesses reduced by~ 3-4” for high truck volume routes~ 1-2” for low to medium truck volume routes

Alternate Pavements - Policy

• Alternate pavement design with a LCCA factor for projects with 7500 sq yd in a continuous area

• New full depth and major rehabilitation construction

• Optional pavement designs without a LCCA factor for smaller paving quantities

Alternate Pavement Designs

New construction (based on M-E Design Guide)ConcreteAsphalt

Rehabilitation8“ Unbonded PCC overlay (UBOL)Rubblization w/ 12“ HMA overlay

Design TransitionNot as bad as initially thought

After several iterations the procedures were simplified to one set of designs

Alternate (or optional) bid designs have become second nature to MoDOT and consultant designers

Method of MeasurementNew PCC and HMA measured in square yardsUnbonded overlays measured in cubic yards for

furnishing and square yards for placingHMA overlay (on rubblized PCC) measured in

wet tons

Alternate DesignLife Cycle Costs

LCCA used solely to determine adjustment factor for 45-year design life

Life cycle costs consideredInitial ConstructionMaintenanceRehabilitationSalvage valueUser costs

Rehabilitation Assumptions

AsphaltMill and fill wearing course at 20 years in

driving lanesMill and fill wearing course at 33 years across

whole surfaceConcrete

Diamond grind whole surface and perform full-depth repairs on 1.5% of surface area at 25 years

Adjustment FactorAdjustment Factor =Present Worth of Future Asphalt Rehab - Present Worth of Future Concrete Rehab

Adjustment Factor

Spreadsheet Used by

Central Office Estimating

Section

Alternate Bid Selection

Low bidder = lower of (PCC bid price) vs. (HMA bid price + adjustment factor)

Alternate Bid Example #121 miles of grading and paving new dual lane on US

63 in Macon/Adair CountiesAdjustment factor = $1,541,000Low HMA construction bid = $22,220,790Low HMA bid for comparison = $23,761,790Low PCC construction bid = $24,320,546Winner low HMA bidAdjustment factor has no impact

Alternate Bid Example #28 miles of grading, paving, and bridges for new dual

lane on US 36 in Macon CountyAdjustment factor = $964,800Low HMA construction bid = $40,499,627Low HMA bid for comparison = $41,464,427Low PCC construction bid = $35,322,473Winner low PCC bidAdjustment factor has no impact

Alternate Bid Example #311 miles of grading and paving new dual lane on US

63 in Randolph CountyAdjustment factor = $1,469,200Low HMA construction bid = $25,262,509Low HMA bid for comparison = $26,731,709Low PCC construction bid = $26,452,184Winner low PCC bidAdjustment factor HAS impact

Alternate Pavement Update for Jobs Thru Dec 2010 with LCCA Factor

187 Alternate Projects to Date ($2.234 bil)174 Full Depth ($2.052 bil)13 Rehabilitation ($182.1 mil)

Full Depth59 Asphalt Awards ($539.4 mil)115 Concrete Awards ($1.513 bil)

Rehabilitation1 Asphalt Award ($2.6 mil)12 Concrete Awards ($179.5 mil)

Results: Difference in Low Bids

Low PC Bids vs. Low AC Bids LCCA Factor not AppliedPC Total – $854,428,378AC Total - $871,075,824Difference - $16,647,446 (1.9%)

Low PC Bids vs. Low AC Bids LCCA Factor AppliedPC Total – $854,428,378AC Total - $901,988,624Difference - $47,560,246 (5.6%)

LCCA Factor has Determined Low Bid 4 Times since October 2003.

Number of Bidders

Price Summaries

Start of Alt Paving in 2003-2005 price difference from alt to non-alt for same items of work - 10%

Since then still savings but all jobs are alt so hard to make a valid comparison.

Other Optional BiddingIntermediate overlays

5 ¾” HMA vs.5” ‘big block’ PCC

Thinner overlays3 ¾” HMA vs.4” ultrathin PCC

Other Optional BiddingThin overlays

1 ¾” HMA vs.1” HIR plus surface treatment

and

3 ¾” HMA vs.4” CIR plus surface treatment

Optional Shoulder Designs

A2 design5 ¾” HMA

5 ¾” PCC

A3 design3 ¾” HMA

4” PCC (also roller compacted option)

An independent third party peer review was performed in late 2005 by a respected national consultant on MoDOT’s alternate

pavement bidding process.

“It appears that MoDOT has developed a balanced, innovative program that could

serve as a national model for other highway agencies throughout the nation

and beyond.”

Thank You and Questions!For more information including example plans and

specifications go to:http://epg.modot.mo.gov

Natalie Roark, [email protected]

(573) 751-3726

Alternate Bidding: The West Virginia Experience

2011Virginia Concrete ConferenceMarch 3, 2011Richmond, VA

Bob LongExecutive Director

ACPA Mid-Atlantic Chapter

Evolution of Alternate Design Alternate Bid (ADAB) Procedures

Joint efforts began in the Fall 2007 including WVDOH, FHWA and industry.

Formal procedures implemented in July 2008

All procedures finalized June 2010

CORRIDOR H – US 48 MOOREFIELD (July 2008)

First “formal” Alternate Bid pavement project10.6 miles4-lane arterialNo life cycle cost adjustment (C factor)Included asphalt escalator Asphalt by the ton and PCCP by the SY

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGNDescription: Perpetual pavement design

provided by Industry using Westergaard Equations Design

10” Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement on 4” free draining base

15’ doweled joints Full depth tied concrete shoulders

Assumptions:• Analysis period = 50 yrs• Initial performance period = 22 yrs• Rehab performance period for CPR = 14 yrs• Rehab performance period for Overlay = 14 yrs• No Salvage value @ year 50

• Rehab #1 – diamond grinding and 7.5% joint patching• Rehab #2 – overlay w/2” skid resistant mix w/PMA and 2%

joint patching

10” Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement

4” Free Drain Base

Pavement Typical

ASPHALT PAVEMENT DESIGN

Description: Perpetual pavement design

provided by Industry using PerRoad 3.2 Design Program

13.5” HMA on 4” free draining base Use PG 76-22 polymer modified

asphalt (PMA) binder in top 4.5” and on future overlays

Increase AC by 0.5% in bottom 5”

Assumptions:• Analysis period = 50 yrs• Initial performance period w/PMA = 22 yrs• Rehab performance period w/PMA = 14 yrs• No salvage value @ year 50

• Rehab #1 – mill and resurface w/2” skid resistant mix w/PMA• Rehab #2 – mill and resurface w/2” skid resistant mix w/PMA

2” 12.5mm skid w/76-22 AC

2.5” 19mm mix w/76-22 AC

4” 25mm mix w/64-22 AC

5” 37.5mm mix w/64-22 AC + 0.5% AC content

4” Free Drain Base

Pavement Typical

PROJECT NUMBER & BIDDERS

BID

 APD-0484(308)  (X312-H-93.38)

Kokosing Construction Co., Inc. (PCCP)

34,544,899.90

Hi-Way Paving, Inc. (PCCP) 36,137,190.09Anthony Allega Cement Contractor, Inc. (PCCP)

36,995,205.73

West Virginia Paving, Inc. (Asphalt)

38,072,526.42

McCarthy Improvement Company (PCCP)

41,096,902.30

Cherry Hill Construction, Inc. (PCCP)

44,354,677.45

West Virginia Department of TransportationDivision of Highways

Bid Results - Letting of July 15, 2008

SECTION 690

MAINLINE PAVEMENT 690 – GENERAL 690.1 - DESCRIPTION:

This Special Provision shall define the requirements to construct mainline pavement, which includes roadway pavement and full depth paved shoulders, to the limits as shown by the contract plans. The contractor shall construct one of the pavement systems as described herein and by the contract plans.

CONCRETE PAVEMENT SYSTEM: A concrete pavement system shall be constructed as defined by the concrete typical section(s) and all other documents referenced in the contract plans. This work and materials shall include jointed plain concrete pavement, free draining base, fabric for separation, subgrade, and subgrade preparation

ASPHALT PAVEMENT SYSTEM: An asphalt pavement system shall be constructed as defined by the asphalt typical section(s) and all other documents referenced in the contract plans. This work and materials shall include asphalt wearing surface, asphalt base courses, free draining base, fabric for separation, subgrade, and subgrade preparation.

.

RECENT ADAB PROJECTSWV 10 – 3.7 miles

4-lane arterial on new alignment – pre-graded 10” PCCP vs. 12.25” Asphalt Bid by the SY of Mainline Pavement 4 of the 6 bidders bid concrete and the low concrete bid

was 17% lower than asphalt Low SY price was $60.00

King Coal US52 – 9.5 miles Pre-graded and bid by the SY of Mainline Pavement 10” PCCP vs. 11.5” Asphalt 5 out of 6 bidders went concrete and the concrete bid

was 3% lower than asphalt Low SY price was $48.45

RECENT ADAB PROJECTSWV Corridor H, US 48 – 3.3 miles

4-lane arterial on new alignment – pre-graded 10” PCCP vs. 13.5” Asphalt Bid by the SY of Mainline Pavement 4 of the 5 bidders bid concrete and the low concrete bid

was 29% lower than asphalt Low SY price was $46.40

Corridor H 2008 Route 10 2009 Route 52 2009 Corridor H 20100

5

10

15

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25

30

35

40

45

WV ADAB Bid ResultsMillions of Dollars

AsphaltConcrete

RECENT ADAB PROJECTSUS Route 35, Putnam County – 14.5 miles

Design build – lump sum bid 4-lane arterial with structures on new alignment – grade,

drain, pave & structures Bid by the SY of Mainline Pavement 10” PCCP vs. 12.5” Asphalt Four proposers – 3 confirmed use of concrete pavement Successful team went with concrete

RECENT ADAB PROJECTSWV Corridor H, US 48 – 6.0 miles

Design bid build 4-lane arterial with structures on new alignment – grade,

drain, pave & structures Bid by the SY of Mainline Pavement 10” PCCP vs. 12.5” Asphalt Low bidder went with concrete Low SY price was $44.50

THE RESULTS8 out of 9 projects went concrete when

bid as an alternate to asphalt On these projects about 80% of the

bidders have bid concrete and all have had at least 4 bidders

WVDOH has saved $9,800,000 just on the four paving jobs alone over the low asphalt bids.

UPCOMING ADAB PROJECTS

1. Route 9 - Charlestown - VA line – 3.1 miles paving only

2. Corridor H - Rte. 1 to Mount Storm – 11.8 miles paving only

3. Corridor H - Mount Storm to Parsons - 10 miles grade, drain, & pave

Why ADAB “Works” in WVWVDOH senior management supportStrong new construction programEquivalent designsEconomized PCCP design (no seal, no dowels in

shoulder, no cure on CTOGB Most asphalt work controlled by one company

Alternate Design Alternate Bid

Questions?????

THANK YOU!

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