1 Alterations in the Musculoskeletal System System NURS 142 ADN Program Carole Chassereau Musculoskeletal System Normal structure – Tissues • Cartilage Ligaments/tendons Function – Support P t ti • Ligaments/tendons • Fascia • Bursae – Bones – Muscles – Joints – Protection – Movement – Mineral storage – Hematopoiesis Bone Structure & Development Continuous process of bone remodeling Osteoblasts = builders = deposition f b Growth zone for longitudinal growth in children Epiphyseal plate of new bone Osteoclasts = removal of old bone = resorption
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Alterations in the Musculoskeletal SystemSystem
NURS 142ADN Program Carole Chassereau
Musculoskeletal SystemNormal structure– Tissues
• CartilageLigaments/tendons
Function– Support
P t ti• Ligaments/tendons• Fascia• Bursae
– Bones– Muscles– Joints
– Protection– Movement– Mineral storage– Hematopoiesis
Bone Structure& Development
Continuous process of bone remodeling
Osteoblasts = builders = depositionf b
Growth zone for longitudinal growth in children
Epiphyseal plate
of new bone
Osteoclasts = removal of old bone = resorption
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JointsDIARTHHROTIC
Ligaments attach bone to bone – joint stability
Tendons attach muscle to bone – joint movement
Normal Diarthrodial Joint (Freely movable)
bone joint movement
Fibrous tissue – low blood supply
Cartilage - avascular
Factors Influencing Musculoskeletal Health
Age– Infant – Child
Adolescent– Adolescent– Senior
Environment– Job– Sun exposure– Activity
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Risk Factors for Alterations in Musculoskeletal Health
History– Injuries– Family history
Medical conditions– Medical conditions• Metabolic alterations• Gastrectomy• Renal tubular
necrosis• Hypoparathyroidism
– SurgeryGender
Risk Factors for Alterations in Musculoskeletal Health
History– Injuries– Family history
Medical conditions
AgeMedications– Musculoskeletal drugs
– Medical conditions• Metabolic alterations• Gastrectomy• Renal tubular
Altered nutrition: < or > than body requirementsAlteration in comfortRisk for infection Impaired physical mobilityAltered health maintenanceSocial isolationBody image disturbanceRisk for injury
Outcomes
Adequate nutritionVital signs WNLCSM WNLCSM WNLMobility/ ROMDecreased painNormal elimination patternUnderstanding of disease process
Nursing Interventions & Discharge Planning
AssessSupportTeach
Community resourcesTeach & evaluate activitiesTeach