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Ex. 02

Type of lines



Types of Lines

• The succeeding slides describe thedifferent lines and their orientation (sizes,widths, thicknesses) used in engineeringpractice



LINE TYPES WIDTH & CHARACTER OF LINES

VISIBLE/OBJECT LINE

for edges not visiblefrom view

THICK

THIN1 mm 3 mm

SECTION LINETHIN,45°, 2-3mmspacing

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA,PhD

for edges visiblefrom

view

HIDDEN LINE

to show the interiorfeature of the object




CENTER LINE

CUTTING orVIEWING PLANELINES

2 mm19 – 38 mm

3 mm

THIN

6.4 mm2 mm

3 mm1 mm19 – 38 mm

THICK

THICK


to represent symmetry

to indicate aplane in whicha section istaken

OR



THIN



EXTENSION,

to specify measurements of objects

& LEADERLINES

DIMENSIO

N

PHANTHOM LINE

2 mm19 – 38 mm 3 mm

THIN

to represent pathsof motion

THICK

THIN

19 – 38 mm

BREAK LINE &

LONG BREAK LINE

to indicateportions

of lengths takenout



LICATION of the DIFFERENT LINES:

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA

This is the basic 3D object, called ISOMETRIC , where the x, y, z axesare the length, height, width, respectively

The lines of the respective axes andtheir corresponding planes are parallel thus this is also known as parallel projection.

ISOMETRIC

The x (length), and z (width) axes are drawn at 30°while y (height) is drawn perpendicularlyat their intersection

30° 30°



PPLICATION:

Front view , Top view , R.Side vie

45 º

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA

L

W

H

To draw the object in two-dimension (2D),3 views are required:

To visualize theFront View

Measure the x & yof a plane & project

To visualize the Top View

Measure the x & zof a plane & project z

To visualize the

R. Side Viewproject the projected z tointersect the projected y

draw 45° mitre line,

intersecting the z



Ex. 2 Instructions• The next slide shows the FINAL activity• The succeeding slide describes the construction of

the 2D figures that typically apply most of the lines(visible, center, hidden, section, extension,

dimension, leader, cutting or viewing plane) used indrawing, i.e. the top, front, r.side and section views.• The other slides show the construction of the Olympic

rings, Bearing, Curve and the symmetric circles.Apply center lines & visible lines on these drawings.



Title

Name

Sec. Date

Activity No.

Station No.Student No.

Marifa S. Torralba,

Alphabet of Lines, Circles, & Arcs

60°

BEARING – for designs of variousmanufacturing parts

Circles, semi-circles in rhythmSMOOTH CURVE – for designs of CAMS of harmonic motion

The OLYMPIC RINGS

(In vertical or inclined gothic letters,write the meaning of this logo &color each ring.)

SAMPLE plate

Line types application: TOP VIEW

45 º 1.5

3.5

2.5 0.8

1.5 ø

8.0

4.0

3.5

FRONT VIEW R, SIDE VIEW SECTION VIEW

45 º



HOW TO DRAW TWO-DIMENSIONAL FIGURES (2D)

FRONT VIEW

45 º

TOP VIEW

R. SIDE VIEW SECTIONVIEWPrepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA

NOTES:•Apply the line thicknesses appropriately• The sizes for the length, height, widthshown are for sample purposes only. Give

your own dimension values.• The projection lines are in PENCIL only.

1.5

3.5

2.5

0.8 1.5 ø

8.0

4.0

3.5



Title

Name

Sec. Date

Activity No.

Station No.Student No.

Marifa S. Torralba,

Alphabet of Lines, Circles & Arcs

• The succeeding slides exercise the use of

the compass, triangles, and describe their construction• Use 0.2 pen for the all center lines and 0.8

pen for the visible lines of the other lines2 mm19 – 38 mm 3 mm

Center line

Visible line



60°

BEARING – for designs of variousmanufacturing parts

The sizes of the circlesare variable

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA, PhD



Circles, semi-circles in rhythm

• Divide a radius into equal parts

• Draw the X & Y axes

• Draw the circles increasing the radius

• Repeat the constructionat the oppositeside of the axis

Prepared by: MARIFA S. TORRALBA, PhD





The Olympic Rings

NOTE: add the meaning of thislogo & put color in each ring

P d b MARIFA S TORRALBA PhD

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