ECONOMIC MODELLING OF OPEN ACCESS FOR UNIVERSITIES Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd 4 th Portuguese Conference on Open Access to Knowledge, Braga, 25/26 November 2010
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ECONOMIC MODELLING OF OPEN ACCESS FOR UNIVERSITIES
Alma SwanKey Perspectives Ltd
4th Portuguese Conference on Open Access to Knowledge, Braga, 25/26 November 2010
Economic implications of OA
John Houghton and colleagues (2009) Identified the activities in the scholarly
communication system Attached costs to each, and thus to the system Modelled the economic benefits of new, alternative
scholcomm scenarios Australia, UK, Netherlands, Denmark and US federal
agencies
www.openOASIS.org
Rationales and assumptions Obvious direct cost savings (subscriptions, ILL, PPV) Open Access makes it easier to find and retrieve the
material a researcher needs to: READ WRITE papers Carry out PEER REVIEW work
Open Access obviates the need to spend time seeking permissions or dealing with copyright and licensing issues
etc (no duplication, blind alleys …)www.openOASIS.or
g
‘Houghton Model’
Available to download online Anyone can use their own data to populate it Models three alternative Open Access
communication scenarios (plus other scholarly communication-related issues)
Models the end-point (an Open Access world)
www.openOASIS.org
Three scholarly communication scenarios
Self-archiving in repositories (‘Green’ Open Access)
In parallel with subscription journals Instead of subscription journals, via
repositories with overlay services Open Access journals (‘Gold’ Open Access
publishing)
www.openOASIS.org
National pictures(Houghton et al, 2009, 2010)
Annual € savings from moving to:
UK Netherlands Denmark US federal agencies
OA journals (‘Gold’ OA)
480 million 133 million 70 million
Value of benefit
amounts to some 4x to 25x
the cost
OA repositories with subscriptions (‘Green’ OA)
125 million 50 million 30 million
OA repositories with overlay services
Circa 480 million
Circa 133 million
Circa 70 million
www.openOASIS.org
Individual universities
Results reported for 4 institutions with research income varying from 2 million GBP to 200 million GBP p.a.
2 further institutions modelled by request Series of workshops around UK: further c20-25
universities modelled
www.openOASIS.org
Savings from OA via repositories: sample UK universities
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
University AUniversity BUniversity CUniversity DG
BP p
er a
nnum
www.openOASIS.org
Savings from OA via OA journals: sample UK universities
-6,000,000
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
University AUniversity BUniversity CUniversity D
GBP
per
ann
um
www.openOASIS.org
University of Minho: Annual savings from OA
-5,000,000
-4,000,000
-3,000,000
-2,000,000
-1,000,000
0
1,000,000
2,000,000OA via repositories
OA journals (APC at half current average)
OA journals (APC at current average)
OA journals (APC at double current average)
OA via repositories with overlay services (APC at half current average)
OA via repositories with overlay services (APC at current average)
OA via repositories with overlay services (APC at double current average)
€ pe
r ann
um
www.openOASIS.org
Societal value: sample UK universities
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
University AUniversity BUniversity CUniversity DG
BP
per
ann
um
www.openOASIS.org
University of Minho: Savings for the library, for research, and for society
from OA
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
Savings for library
Savings for research
Savings for society
€ pe
r ann
um
www.openOASIS.org
www.openoasis.orgwww.openscholarship.org www.keyperspectives.co.uk
www.openOASIS.org
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