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8/19/2019 AlliedSignal-2

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lliedSignalProcess Improvement - Page 1

TQ Tool Box:The Basic TQ Tools


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Definition: A list of check-off items that permitsdata to be collected quickly andeasily in a simple standardized formatwhich lends itself to quantitative

analysis.Purpose: Facilitates data collection by

providing a standardized format for

recording information.

Defect Type Defect Count SubtotalWrong form 15No approval 5

Invalid data 13Not on file 8

Grand Total 41

Checksheet


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Definition: A chart depicting the relative

contribution of sub-problems to the totalproblem (arranged in descending order)

Purpose: Based on the “Pareto Principle,”

which states that a few problems often accountfor most of the effect. Aids in identifying the“vital few” problems which should be

addressed first.

Percent

Contribution

CumulativePercent

100%

50%

0a b c d e

Pareto Chart


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10

8

6

4

2

5 10 15 2 25 30

Frequency

Defects per group

Histogram

Definition: A graph which displays frequency of data incolumn form.

Purpose: Helps identify changes or shifts in processes as

changes are made. Shows how variablemeasurements of a process or product can be

and is useful when establishing standards.


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Definition: A method of representing therelationship between a problem andits potential causes.

Purpose: Helps sort out and relate theinteraction among the factorsaffecting a process.

Problem

MachinesManpower

Material MethodsIshikawaDiagrams

FishboneDiagrams

Cause and Effect Diagram


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Nominal Group

Technique (NGT)

Definition: Structural brainstorming technique

Purpose: Produces a lot of ideas. Involveseveryone. Promotes team ownership.

Produces variety of ideas.


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Current Process Proposed Process

Process Flow Analysis

Flowcharting

Definition: A technique to visually document the steps in aprocess. “A picture is worth a thousand words.”

Purpose: Allows seeing the relationships among steps

and their relative timing and occurrence. Provides amethod to document a new process and contrast it to theold process.


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MEASUREM

ENT

Time or Sequence

Average

Run Chart

Definition: A chart which displays measurements orobservation points over a specified period of time (orsequence)

Purpose: Provides a simple tool for performance monitoring

and data analysis, provides a reference baseline, andpromotes participation and decision making by thepeople involved. Helps identify trends and shifts in theprocess.


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Alternatives

Criteria

Defects

Cycle Time

Cost

Flexibility

A B C

50% 10% 5%

8 hrs. 2 hrs. 1 Hr.

$25 $36 $42

Single Multi MultiProd Prod Prod

Decision

Matrix

Definition: A chart which provides comparison ofcriteria for different alternatives

Purpose: Provides a simple tool foranalyzing and comparing differentalternatives to aid in the selection

of criteria.


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Lickety Split Sales

91 92 93 94 95

Fiscal Year

Sales in

100,000

5

4

3

2

1

The Ice Cream Shoppe Example


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Lickety Split Share of Market

100

50

0

91 92 93 94 95

Fiscal Year


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Lickety Split Ice Cream

Broken Cones 5

Runny 8

Slow Service 15

Bad Taste 2

30


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Lickety Split Ice Cream

15

8

0

15 8 5 2

Slow

Service

Runny Broken

Cones

Bad

Taste


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M_______

M_______

M_______

M_______

Slow

Service


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100

50

0

12-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12Hours

Number of

Customers


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10

8

64

2

Mi

n

Customer Number

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11


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60

59

58

57

56

55

54

53

52

51

50

10 20 30 40 50

M&M Run Chart

and Histogram

C o s t t o M f g

.

N o n -

C o m

p l i a n c e

t o G o v ’ t

R e q u i r e m e

n t s

A v e r a g e = 5 5

. 6 P i e c e s / B a g

Bags


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60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Delivery Performance

Maintained by ___________________________

Data Display Example

Good

%

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