COSMIC TOP SECRET AFCE//3r/1958 ALLIED FORGES CENTRAL EUROPE * \ -:.;. 9*4* HISTORY for 1957 J' * I .« '* :* ,l •*T;WTO> \W o DOWNGRADED TO NS SEE: PO(2010)0166 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2014)0001 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE
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COSMIC TOP SECRET
AFCE//3r/1958
ALLIED FORGES CENTRAL EUROPE
* \
-:.;. 9*4*
H I S T O R Y for
1957
J' * I . « ' *
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6 APOF/i 55/rQ Q_Q-SJ1__I_C„ _T_Q_P S E C R E T Copy Wo, ^
^0 June 1958
HISTORICAL PEPOPT
HEADQUARTERS APCENT
PONTAINEBLEAU. PRANCE
1957
Reproduction of this document, in whole or in part? is
forbidden except by authority of the Commander, APCENT,
Thjs document consists of 43 pages
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AFUK/l35/58 C O S M I C T 0 P 3 Jbi ,C il J2 T
Prepai'ed by
the
Adjutant General * s -Division
(Admini s tra t ive S e c t i o n )
of
HliAD^UAIiTKKS ACCENT
Ponta inebleau , France
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APCK/135/5B COSMIC TOP SECRET
CONTENTS
- CEPO
- Plans Branch
- Atomics
- JCOC's
BUDFIN
- Budget
CHAPTER IV
J3IG
ANNEX
COSMIC TOP SECRET
Pftg
Foreword 4
CHAPTER I
JLA 5
- Personnel and Administration 5
6 9
- Supply and Maintenance 11
- Movements 15
CHAPTER II
JPO 19
- Intelligence 19
- Geographic 20
- Plans and Policy 23
27
30
- Training and Exercise 32
CHAPTER III
35 - Fiscal and Disbursing 35
35
- Administration and Control 37
38
Combat Readiness Report as of 15 November 1957 42
Frontispiece : Aerial photograph of Headquarters AFCENT.
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ASCE/135/58 C 0 3 M I C T O P S E C R E T
FOREWORD
1. This History covers the year 1957. During that time there were soote changes in the organisation of Allied Headquarters Central Europe. These are discussed in the relevant chapters.
2o Permission has been given for the inclusion of the Commander-in-Chief's Annual Combat Readiness Report, (RCS-SH-0&T-24) which it attached-as Annex 'A' to this document. (Due to its high security value and availability within the Headquarters this annex is attached only to copies for external distribution)•
3. Distribution ef this History is as follows :-
Copy He.
SHAPE 1 - 6
AIRCENT 7
NAVCENT 8
LANDCENT 9
AFGENT - Adjutant General 10-19
AFCENU-LANDCENT Central Archives 20
Spare 21-30
4* Extra copies can be provided for Headquarters or Divisions which •ay require them.
5. This History has been given the security grading appropriate te the highest classified document received.
Krfc JAMBS Do TANNER Colonel US Army Adjutant General
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AFCE/135/58 COSMIC TOP SECRET
CHAPTERJ,
J L A
PERSONNEL AND ADMINISTRATION
Haas„Branch 1 » Emergency War Deployment (CRASH) Plan
Ah AFCENT/Landcent Headquarters Emergency War Deployment Pi am was completed and issued in January. The Administrative Annexes te the plan were net completed? as changes in policy made the plam abertiveo
A revised Emergency Var Deployment Plan was issued in November* This was a joint plam, applicable te all the four Central Eurepeam Region Headquarterso The administrative plan in support of this emergency deployment is in course of preparation.
* 2. Peace and Var Headquartera
A study was undertaken for DCOS Logistics and Administration em CINCENT's paper en the location of the Peace and War Headquarters for tne Central Kegion.
3. War Establishments
Headquarters LANDCENT and Divisions within AFCENT were asked te forward War Establishment proposals.
4 - Mobile_HC}
In Novemberj, the Chiefs of Staff Committee approved the study prepared by the division on the formation ef a temporary (Mobile) JCOC. As a resultv a working party was set up? under the chairmanship ef ACOS Operations AFCENT, to study specific problems relating te the composition of the Temporary JCOC.
Organisation and Manpower Branch
5<> Military Personnel Manpower Establishment Section
a° Reorganisation
In 1957y Organisation and Manpower Division devoted its v,'<
attention in particular te the re-erganisatio* of the four PONTAINEBLEAU Headquarters»
b* Reduction of Personal ' • *
Plans en the reduction of personnel (10#) and integration of German personnel'within the four FONTAtNEBLEAU Headquarters were approved and implemented.
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c. Peace Establishment
Personnel authorization tables (peace establishment) for AFCBNT, AIRCENT and 5AVCENT were prepared and approved by SHAPE. Submission ef LANDCEfll's. peace establishment was delayed, but was expected to be completed by January 1Q5S.
d. Integration 1 1 i
Studios were carried out :
(1) 0* the integration program*© of GERMAN personnel into :
- Headquarters Command and Support Units of the four FONTAINEBLEAU Headquarters.
- 4 ATA*.
(2) On the peace establishment and general integration programme into :
- Headouarter* Staff and the Headquarters Command, and support units of NORTHAG, CENTAG, and TWO ATAF.
6. Administration. Legislation of Military and Civilian Personnel Section
a. Review of NATO Graded Posts
The recommendations arising from the detailed report, 23»8057. of the Civilian Personnel Management Survey *eam appointed by the Standing Group to review all NATO graded posts within AFOENT wore implemented .
b. War Headquarters Equipment '
War headquarters equipment was acquired by NATO from the host nation.
c. Civilian Personnel Policy
Agreement was reached on the policy pertaining to the special mobilization assignment of French civilian personnel attached to AFCENT Headquarters.
CENTRAL EUROPEAN PIPELINE OFFICE
7. General
The Central Europe Pipeline Office (CEPO) was authorized on 19 December 1956 by the North Atlantic Council. On 19 December, th« Council also approved CM'(56) 129, which sets forth tfee organization and respeneiWilities of the Central Europe Pipeline Office, the Central Europe Ope'rating Agency ajid National Agencies and Divisions.
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APCE/135/58 COSMIC TOP SECRET
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0. The Central Europe Pipeline Office is composed of national representatives of the ftations using the Pipeline System (BELGIUM, CANADA, PRANCE, GERMANY, LUXEMBOURG, THE NETHERLANDS, the UNITED KINGDOM, and the UNITED STATES), and a Chairman designated bj CINCENT, as SACEUR's representative. Representatives of CINCENT, LANDCENT and AIRCENT also attended. The Secretariat, which makes preparations for meetings of the Office and takes e1lV,'"',,1•,rt'r'," • ruti.vp a^t?on, was provided by CINCENT and allotted office accommodation in his Headquarters in thi COUR HENRI IV at FONIAINEBLEAU, PRANCE.
9« On 28 January 1957, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe delegated to CINCENT authority vested in 3ACEUR by CM(56)129, dated 11 December 1956, which pertains to control, operation and maintenance of the Central Europe Pipeline System.
i10. Close liaison was established with the Central Europe Pipeline 'Policy Committee at the PALAIS DE CHAILLOT, PARIS, including attendance by the Secretary CEPO at all meetings of the Committee.
11• Meetings
The first mtmlin^ v£ CEPO was held on 30-31 January 1957 at Headquarters APCENT. It was agreed at this meeting that in future CEPO would meet monthly or as required to accomplish its mission. During 1957 ten (10) meetings were held. Major matters discussed included security, anti-aircraft defence, filling of the lines and storage, allocation of storage, formation and accommodation of the Central Europe Operating Agency, Corrosion Inhibito"s, Emergency Plan, Operation of the METZ-ZVEIBRUCKEN line and ,he communications network for the system.
12, Operation^
The construction of the System had not advanced far enough during 1957 to permit operations to begin, although considerable progress was made. However, plans were made to operate the METZ-ZWEIBRUCKEN, ZlrfEIBRUCKEN-BITBURG and ZtfEIBRUCKEN-BEDESBACH sections early in 1958. This will provide fuel for several depots and airfields in GERMANY.
13. The majority, of lines in THE NETHERLANDS were filled with fuelc Pumping through some sections of the System in THE NETHERLANDS was delayed until 1958 in order to clean all completed depots and lines at one time, circulating the fuel back to the refinery for reconditioning.
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U . ViBita
On Noveaber 27 1957, representatives attending the November CEPO meeting made a visit to Headquarters United States Amy Quartermaster Petreleua Distribution Coamand at FONTAINEBLEAU and U the MELUN •f tjae United States DONGES-METZ Pipeline.
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AFCU/135/58 COSMIC TOP SECRET
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PLANS BRANCH
15. APCENT Emergency Deployment Plan
As a result of several meetings, studies and correspondence, it was decided that in the event of a surprise enemy attack, the Legistic staffs of the four FONTAINEBLEAU Headquarters would immediately fern a joint organization, operating initially in a complex centred round LA MADELEINE*
16, Details were worked as to the personnel who would form part of Echelons 'A1, 'B' and 'C'^ and plans were initiated for the support necessary for this organization so far as concerned the Logistics Staff*
17o Logistics Organization in C.E. under Atomic Conditions
When the Joint Logistics Plans Division (reorganised in late 1956) began its studies, one of the first problems with which it concerned itself was the question of stock levels in Central Europe,
18. Taking into consideration the concept outlined by SHAPE in the 1960/62 Force Pesture paper (SHAPE/231/56 AG 122?/2 PP dated 28 September 1956) which was later amplified in the SHAPE Minimum Forces 1958/63 Study (SHAPE/154/57 and SHAPE/154-1/57), it was thought that the disposition of stocks was now out-dated in terms of nuclear warfare conditions.
19; A study was therefore carried out by Joint Logs Plans Division (1228/JLA/L0G/CTS/90/57 dated 19.3.57.), the conclusion of which was that :-
a. 30 days stock for the Allied Forces should be situated East of the RHINE.
1
b. Medical facilities East of the RHINE should be capable of expansion by 50#.
c. Stock levels should be determined on the basis of new attrition rates.
d* The question of dispersal should be carefully studied.
This trend of thought was further developed with a view to re-framing logistic ideas to accord with the projected Advanced Strategy and a Logistics conference was convened at FONTAINEBLEAU on 25.4.57* under the chairmanship of General VALLUY, attended by representatives of the Nations and Subordinate Commando.
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(The full report of thip conference was issued under reference AtfCE/ 105/57 6000o12 JLA/LOO/CDS-.151/57 dated 6„5.57»).
20o As a result of this conference it was decided to set up three Working Groups9 charged with the following taoks :-
Working Group 1 - Logistics Infrastructure Criteria in Atomic "" Warfare.
Working Group 2 - Overall infrastructure piano
Working Group 3 ~ Organization of Logistics in Combat Zone.
21o Working Group 1 carried out its studies from 12th June to 25th June 1957,) and its recommendations were sent to SHAPE, the Nations and subordinate Commands.
22o The chief recommendations which resulted among others from this study were :->
a, that stocks sufficient for tne first $0 days of war should be situated East of the RHINE.
bo a suggestedechelonmentof stocks in the Combat Zone.
Co that the Combat Zone Commander should have control of all logistical resources immediately on the outbreak of war.
23. The initial reactions of the Nations and subordinate commands were varied9 but in the course of further staff meetings and discussions the viewpoints of all have converged more and more towards the concept outlined in the Working Group 1 report, and a fair measure of general agreement on most points has gradually been reached.
24o The SHAPE 30 Day Logistic Concept was studied by WoG. 1 and was fully supported. This concept has since been sent to the Nations for comment, but it in no way invalidates the W.Go 1 concept. In fact, one reinforces the other..
25. A further SHAPE paper was prepared in draft form - Logistics la-plications of the Minimum Forces Study - and here again it fits neatly into the general logistic concept outlined by W.G., 1.
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26. GERMAN Logistic Plan
The GERMAN proposed plan for the siting and organization of their depot and supply system, was the subject of several meetings and discussions With certain recommended changes, the plan was eventually agreed by APCENT (see 6160 JLA/LOG/714/57 dated 10.12-57.)
27. EDP 2/58
As EDP 2/58 was projected to meet the semi-Advanced Strategy, the Logistics Annex to this EDP was framed with a view to ensuring the placing of 15 dtjys stock East of the RHINE as a firdt step.
28. National Logistic Organization
A series of presentations was arranged throughout the year in
Khich logistics staff of the member nations of A.C.E. gave an outline f their respective national logistic organization (Land and Air).
29. Exercises
In the course of 1957, active preparatory planning and/or participation took place in regard to the following exercises:-
Exercise nLI0N N0IRn
Exercise "HOSTAGE NOIR"
Exercise "LION BLEU"
Exercise "LIFE BLOOD"
Particular mention must be made of Exercise "LIFE BLOOD" which was to be the first full scale Logistical Exercise to be carried out since Exercise "LIFE LINE" in 1956. Owing to conflicting priorities with
^other exercises it was decided by SHAPE to defer Exercise "LIFE BLOOD" Puntil 1959<> Furthermore, it was decided that it would now be expanded from purely Central Europe Exercise, to include all NATO theatres and be linked with a SACLANT/CINCHAN exercise, a "LION" type exercise and with an Intelligence exercise. Planning on these lines is in progress.
SUPPLY, MEDICAL AND MAINTENANCE BRANCH
30. National Logistics Representatives at AFCENT
National Logistics Representatives of the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY were appointed to Headquarters AFCENT on 18 March 1957,
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31 o Annual He port of State of Readiness of Medical Support of National
Forces In Allied Command Europt.
The above report (SH-LOG-65) which is submitted by the Nations was instituted on i April iy5 7 (SHAPE letter Ad 3u/0.03/MED~352/56 LOG dated 27 December 1956 refers).
32o Standardization of Ajr Equipment and Supplies for Crosa-Servlcing
Arising from a Military Agency for standardization (MAS) Conference held at FONTAINEBLEAU on 14 December 1956. AIRCENT were requested to make recommendations for the standardization of Air Equipment and supplies and to state the order of priority in which they should be taken* The AIRCENT recommendations wpre submitted to SHAPE in AFCENT letter 2160.12 JLA-249/57 dated 28 March 1957.
33o The order of priority proposed by AIRCENT was agreed by AFNORTH and AFSOUTH and on 26 August 1957 SHAPE informed MAS and requested them to adopt the priority list in the development of standardization of air equipment and supplies for aircraft cross-servicing (SHAPE reference AG 6070o02/P&M«470/57 LOG refers).
34. 1957_SHAPE Medical Conference
The two officers of Medical Branch attended the annual Medical Conference which was held at SHAPE on 24, 25 and 26 April 1957. The major items presented were:-
a, Transfusion Services
bo Medical management of mass casualties in Nuclear Ware
Co Preventive Medicine in Nuclear Warfare.
do Aviation Medicine in Military Operations*
AFCENT comments on the lessons of the SHAPE Medical Conference were sent to ':HAPE in letter 2030.3/JLA/723/57 dated 29 November 1957.
35. Peacetime Equipment Chargeable to International Funds
In order that SHAPE may submit to the NATO Military Budget Committee a basis for reimbursement to the Nations for the use of their equipment,, all NATO Headquarters at FONTAINEBLEAU were requested to prepare lists of nationally provided equipment on hand as at 1 January 1953 and received subsequenx tneretoy under the following headings :-
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a. Organic equipment of nationally formed Support Units.
bo Equipment on loan to units or to the Headquarters and used for the general purposes of the headquarters Cor complex of Headquarters) .
This is a one-time report and is allotted Reports Control Symbol RCS-SH-L03-67. SHAPE letter AG 5150/P&M-5H/57 dated 25 September 1957 refers.
36o AIRCENT Medical 'Conference
The two officers of Medical Branch attended the Annual AIRCENT Medical Conference on 23,24, and 25 October- The principle aim of the conference was to contribute towards combat readiness in the Allied ^•ir Forces of Central Europe by improving the state of Medical preparedness.
37. INFRASTRUCTURE BRANCH
The Infrastructure Branch was formed from the Infrastructure-POL Division which was split into two distinct divisions in September 1957o
The following report covers the whole of 1957, and so, for the period January to September 1957, covers only the Infrastructure activities of the former Infrastructure-POL Division,
38o 9th Slice
During the first quarter of 1957, 9th Slice NATO Common Infrastructure projects were studied and consolidated together with their respective priorities into a document wnich was forwarded to SHAPE under reference 6100-79 JLA/189/57 dated 15 March 1957.
^39- Use of the MADELEINE
Infrastructure Branch made a preliminary examination of the question prior to the agreement on the .peacetime utilization of the MADELEINE.
WARTIME HEADQUARTERS
40, Future Wartime Headquarters in Central Europe
A study of the location of a future Central Europe War Headquarters in accordance with SHAPE criteria, was carried out in conjuction with •che qualified agencies of the Host Nation (PRANCE). The results of this study were discussed with the Subordinate Commands*(AFCE 147/57 dated 29 July 1957).
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41. NORTHAG/2 ATA? War Headquarters
In order to make this War headquarters operational without any loss of time, studies have been carried out in conjunction with SHAPE„ the Subordinate Commands and NAG--2ATAF. (APCE 6100-77-513/57 dated 15 June 1957).
It is expected that this matter will be settled in 1958.
42o New_Problems concerning NATO Common Infrastructure
The two problems mentioned below have been examined in conjunction with the Commands concerned :
- NIKE Infrastructure
Financing of Mobile installations on NATO aerodromes*
43c POL Branch
The POL Branch springs from Infrastructure and POL Division which was divided into two independant divisions in September 1957- The•following report covors the whole of 1957 and therefore includes the activities of Infrastructure arid POL Diviyjons between January and September.,
44o In January 1957» the 2nd POL conference brought together in FONTAINEBLEAU representatives of the MOLs, Subordinate Commands„ Army Groups/ATAFsc Among the various problems studied, a large part was given to the study of military systems of handling and distribution of POL and to the study of wartime supply planso (2030 JLA/9O/57 dated 21 February 1957)o
45« Common Infrastructure 9th Slice projects were developed in coordination with nations and Subordinate Commands<, They include :
a0 Pipelines •• MAINZ - HANAU
STRASBOURG -• TUBINGEN
b„ Connection ESPIGUETTE ~ MARSEILLES - LANGRES Pipeline ; Co Bi-product depots - HANAU
TUBINGEN
do Off- Base depots for two airfields* (Annex C to 6l00o79 JLA/189/57 dated 15 arch 57).
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46* During 19^79 interim inspections were carried out by POL Branch staff on the ba£is of two inspections yearly for each installation.
Progress in building the Central Europe NATO pipelines system during 1957 is £hown in the following figures :
A. Pipelines. : length of lines built (in Ka)
diameter 8" 287
10" 287
12" 455
B„ Depots : storage volume built. <> o»..,165,000 cubic metres number of depots completed 000.3 number of depots started............8
^7. The POL Branch took full part in exercise "LION NOIR" wftich was used t study the problem of relations with national logistic delegations and of wartime logistic reports.
48. The organization of Central Europe pipelines system operation was set up according to the forms explained under CEPO paragraphs.
MOVEMENTS BRANCH
49- Poreward The brand* was organized into its present form in February 1957«
50. Missions
The Movements Branch was established with the following missions :-
a. To provide CINCENT with the movement data required for planning and preparing operations.
b. To prepare the wartime organization and functioning of the Movements Branch.
c. To facilitate joint action among NATO Nations in regard to Movements by aiming at maximum co-ordination.
d. To represent CINCENT in peacetime in the following :
- The PBEIST (Central Europe Committee)
- The PBOS
- The IMS e. To take part in exercises organized by the various levels of
the Allied Command.
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51o Organization
The Movements Branch commanded by a Colonel consists of two sections :»-
a» The Plans Section concerned in particular with overall studies*
b0 The Transport Section for special studies concerned with the various forms of transport„
c0 There is also an Air Officer who is responsible for liaison . with AIRCENTo
do A Naval Officer at NAVCENT is delegated as liaison officer between Movements Branch and NAVCENTo
•
52• NATO Committees and Working Groups in which MOV/DIV is represented
a. Planning Board for European Inland Surface Transport.
Port Emergency Planning Group»
Regional Committee Central Europe*
Working Group on POL Transport <>
Working Group on Road Transport.
Working Group on Railway Transport.
Working Group on Inland Water Transport.
Working Group on Ports and Beaches*
Working Group on Ships Destinations.
Planning Board for Ocean Shipping (PBOS)„
Military Agency for Standardization.(MAS).
b. Working Groups Central Europe
Movements Working Group*
Priorities Board Working Group
(Reference Activities of the Movements Division AFCENT 2500.7/ JLA/M0V/740/57 dated 17 December 1957).
53. Studies
The following problems have been under study during 1957 :-•
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a. Assessment of effects of enemy attacks upon Central European Transport and Logistics System
For explanation of problem see 0470/JLA/M0V/CTS/336/57 dated 16 September 1957, and as amplified in 2500o7/JLA/M0V/740/57 dated 17 December 1957 (Appx I to Part II).
At the end of 1957 the matter was still under active con-sideratiqn by SHAPE.
b. Study of the effects of nuclear attacks on the Inland Water wavs
For explanation of the problem see 2500c7/JLA/MOV/740/57 dated
17 December 1957 (Appx 2 to Part II). .
• National studies are continuing.
Co Movements Planning
See 2500.7/JLA/M0V/740/57 (Appx 3 to Part H ) . The Movements Working Group studying the organization on
movements in nuclear war will also examine the system of Movements Planning. It has been recommended that Initial Movement Plans be considerably cut down to comply with the new logistic concept. (fief meeting held at LA MADELEINE on 6 December 19577. fief- 1220.7/JLA/MOV/ 117/58.
Movements Prior:
(1) Priorities Board
Two meetings were held in February in order to amend basic documents prior to participation in Exercise LION N0IR„
The board operated during Exercise LION NOIR and its future functions are now under consideration.
e. Movements of out of gauge eqpt. - Revision of Harlequin Tables » Regulations in_regjird_jto_qpejgial flat cars.
The following papers were distributed for study and comment.
(1) Requirements of a new design of special flat wagons, fief: 2130/JLA/M0V/87/57 of 20 Feb 1957.
(2) Unloading facilities for special flat wagons. Ref: 2130/ JLA/MOV/88/57 of 20 Feb 1957.
(3) Requirements for rail movement of bulky or out of gauge loads* Ref: 2130/JLA/M0V/89/57 of 20 Feb 19£7.
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These studies are being carried out by the PBEIST Rail Working Group in conjunction with National and Military authorities*
fo Adoption of a reports system
It was found that the existing reports and returns as called for during LION NOTR were too complicated«
These have been revised and will be finalised by the Movements Working Group early in 1958,
. Ref: 2500o7/JLA/M0V/740/57 Appx, 6 to Part Ho
go Central Europe Port Planning
Requirements continue to exceed available capacity. It is proposed that revised Port Planning assumptions be submitted to SHAPE the Host and User Nations. (See Ref: as in para '?• above, Appx. 8 to Part II).
h. The RHINE
During 1957 the responsibility for RHINE control passed from NAVCENT to LANDCENT, Also the British and US RHINE Squadrons became non-operational o
Studies were also carried out with a view to establishing a wartime RHINE Control Organization.
J. Air Transport
During 1957? detailed procedures concerning the Command and Control of Assigned- Air Transport Forces when used on Allied Tasks remained unpublished. Although SHAPE advised that this subject was being reviewed by the Standing Group, a study was made by AFCENT, AIRCENT and LANDCfiNT and a proposed interim policy was forwarded to SHAPE (AFCENT 8500/JLA/MQV/ 603/57 dated 9 Sep 57). AFCENT also raised this subject at the Chief* of Staffs' meeting at SHAPE in October.
Since the Standing Group had just proposed a new policy for the employment of Ajr Transport to the Forces Military Committee, it was decided that an interim policy would not be published,
k. Aide Memoir*
Preparation of the Movements part of the Logistics Aide Memoir* continues.
54. Exercises
The entire staff of the Movements Branch took part in Exercise LION NOIRo Invaluable lessons were learned which have been the basis of considerable research and revision of wartime operating procedures.
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CHAPTER II
INTELLIGENCE DIVISION J P 0
1» Introduction
As the AFCENT Intelligence Division was not established until 1 September 1956, 1957 represented its first full year of operations. During 1957 the division took an increasingly active part in NATO intelligence activities affecting the Central Region and the FONTAINEBLEAU Headquarters.
2. Functions
There were no major changes during 1957 in the functions of the Intelligence Divisiono Actions taken to support or improve the execution of functions assigned are included in "Activities", below.
3. The SHAPE decision, announced in the wartime Intelligence Plan Allied Command Europe, 14 June 1957, to centre wartime detailed POW interrogation at a SHAPE Detailed Interrogation Centre, eliminating the function of planning for a wartime Central Region Joint Services Detailed Interrogation Centre. The function of planning for Allied Interrogation Units to support the DICACE and Central Region POW interrogation requirements continues.
4» Organization
Strength and organization of the Division remained unchanged throughout the year. The Division is divided into two branches (a fiLans Branch and an Estimate branch), with a total strength of six officers and five other ranks. The JAPIC nucleus remained a regional Intelligence Support Unit under the staff supervision of the Intelligence Divisiono
5. Routine Personnel changes took place during the year.
6. Activities
In March 1957 a proposal was initiated to add a Political and Economic Intelligence (POLEC) Branch to the Division. The Division would be staffed by a civilian expert on Soviet bloc political and economic affairs. His functions would encompass all intelligence aspects of Soviet bloc political and economic matters. Discussions and correspondence on the need for this branch continued throughout the year. No decision was reached,
7c The Intelligence .Division was assigned the responsibility, in October 19579 for developing a Central Region plan for reporting and evaluating Lhe effects of enemy atomic strikes. Initial studies and research were completed before the end of the year.
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8. Annex B (Intelligence) to the Regional Emergency Defence Plan for 1958 was revised and completed in October 1957.
9. Beginning in September 1957* efforts were initiated to complete planning for the wartime establishments (EES) of Central Region Intelligence Staffs and Support Units. Job descriptions and qualification requirements were established, While final action awaited overall development of EES tables by the Headquarters, SHAPE Intelligence Division was kept informed of the progress by informal visits and reports.
10. A restudy of the requirement in peacetime for a JAPIC (Joint Air Photographic Intelligence Centre) nucleus was initiated in December 1957.
11. In December, planning was completed to rename the "JPO/SI" (Joint Plans and Operations/Security and Intelligence) Division the "Intelligence" Division, and the "Chief, JPO/SI" the "ACOS/lNT" effective 1 January 1958.
12. The Intelligence Division participated in the planning, preparation and execution of NATO and Regional Training exercises during 1957.
13. Intelligence Division representatives attended the SHAPE Logistical and Economic Intelligence Conference in September 1957 and participated in, as well as attended, the SHAPE Intelligence Conference in October 1957.
GEOGRAPHIC BRANCH • • • * !• 9 I •>
H . Confe
a. The following conferences were attended by representatives of the branch.
•= at BONN -GERMAN mapping at 1/250,000 scale,
- at PONTAINEBLEAU - APCENT Annual Geographic Conference, 21, 22 and 23 May. Attended by 61 delegates.
- at COPENHAGEN - APNORTH Geographic Conference. 13 and 15 May
, - at NAPLES - AFSOUTH/AFMED Geographic Conference and Army Maps Working Party. 27 May to 7 June.
- at LONDON - Panel o£ Experts for Bridge information recording. 16-19 July.
- at MUCHEN-GLADBACH - NORTHAG map supply conference 10 October.
- at PONTAINEBLEAU - Military Agency for standardisation meeting with LANDCENT.
- at PARIS - SHAPE Annual Geographic Conference, 5-7 November.
- af LONDON - the Army Maps Working Party 11-13 November. COSMIC TOP SECRET
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b. Visits were made during the year to military geographic offices and civilian mapping establishments of PRANCE, BELGIUM, GERMANY and HOLLANDo Also liaison visits were made to SHAPE, NORTHAG, USAREUR and PPAo
15c WAR PLANS
a. Facilities at BASTILLE were inspected and improved by the erection of a small quantity of map storage racks.
bo A small quantity of racks were erected in AVON and stocked with new maps.
Oo The Geographic Branch "CRASH PLAN" was reviewed and revised.
do The requirements for the war establishment were determined.
I 16. Maps and charts were supplied to HQ's APCENT, AIRCENT, LANDCENT and NAVCENTo Statistics are attached as-Appendix "A".
17. Land Maps
During 1957 this Branch's activities incJuded the following :-
a. Made a study of current editions of 1/500,000 map series Central Europe. USAREUR published latest material as new editions of series M. 4O4.
bo Co-ordinating the responsibility for maintaining 1/250,000 scale maps of Central Europe and the exchange of source material for sheets falling across International borders.
ct Began co-ordination for the introduction of a new map series scale 1/500,000 in the AFN0RTH area,
d. Initiated plans for detailed reports of map holdings in various depots to be made annually to Nations. Army Groups and Central Europe Headquarters.
18. General
a. The assumption for all Military Geographic Documentation projects in GERMANY by the FEDERAL REPUBLIC was co-ordinated. Old projects will be continued by N0RTHAG, USAREUR and FFA.
b. Co-ordination was begun on exchange of aeronautical charts and reproduction material.
0. A study of GERMAN civil map printing capabilities for use in time of war was initiated.
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Appendix__wAw (JPO/GEO)_
MAP RECEIPTS AND ISSUES DURING 1957 <, • ^ p ^ ^ y q — y ^ ^ — w w • n i n i f 11 fr ii • J i ~ • I C J * I
TYPE
LAND MAPS
" u 'T
AIR CHARTS
TOTAL
Stock on
1 Ja« 51
150.301
24o649
174.950
Received
fluyinfi ,57
53.559
3.340
56.899
Issued during 57
32.618
3.846
36.464
Stock om 1 Jan 58
171.242
24.143
195.385
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PLANS AND POLICY DIVISION
19» The organization of the Plans and -Policy Division has not altered materially during 1957» The subdivision of the division remains the same« i»e „ : -
Current Plans Team
Future Plans Team
Alert Measures
The only alteration of note was the abolition of the post of team leader for the Current Plans teams• This was found necessary in order to facilitate the internal working of the division and make the organization more flexible.
20. Special Projects continued to woik for Brig. THOMPSON and towards the end of the year the Training Branch came under his general supervision as well. The ACOS PAND P has therefore become responsible in APCENT for all G3 functions.
21o The detailed history of the Special Projects activities is omitted from this history for security reasons.
CURRENT PLANS SECTION • » » • • • » i » ' '
22. Central Europe Joint Emergency Defence flans
a. In order to ensure that JEDP's would be issued on time, a procedure and a schedule was laid down and approved by the DCOS (Ops) Committee and issued under 1221/8/JPO/PP/55 dated 20 Feb 1957.
bo CE-JEDP 1-58
Early information received from SHAPE indicated no substantial changes in SACEUR'g EDP for 1958 which would necessitate a complete rewrite of the Regional EDP as of 1 Jan 1958. As no substantial increase in weapons and forces for the Central Region was expected before 1 July 1958, SHAPE permission was granted for CE-JEDP 1-57* amended as necessary» to remain in force until 1 July 1958. Corrigeadumi/'o. 69' ref 1221/JP0/PP/373 dated 12 Nov 1957 was issued converting CE-JEDP 1-57 to CE-JEDP 1-58.
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Co Adoption of a Semi-forward strategy for Central Eurppe
At a Commanders meeting held on 27 Feb 1957 at FONTAINEBLEAU CINCBNT introduced his concept of a new strategyo This new concept is outlined in 1241/JK)/PP/109 of 14 March 1957. This strategy is a semi-forward one and involves9 for the first tims* the concept of sustained defence in positions East of the RHINE,
d. CB-JJEDP 3-53
The implementation of CINCENT new strategic concept was made possible by :
A considerable increase in atomic weapons available from 1 July 1958O
The build-up of GERMAN Forces assigned to NAT0o In-orjier to reflect the important changes in strategy and *
means available it was therefore decided to issue a new JEDP to be made effective 1 July 1958.
A directive of the Commander-in-Chief for the establishment of CE-JEDP 2-58 was issued in draft form early in 1957 and the final version was promulgated in APCE 1221/8/JP0/PP/370 of 18 Nov 1957.
Planning assumptions to be used by Army GrOups/ATAF's/Naval Commands in the preparation of CE-JEBP 2-58 were issued under APCE/ 149/57/1221/8/JP0/PP/280 of 30 July 1957.
A £raft basic Plan was circuited in early November and discussed at a meeting held at KOBLENTZ (GERMANY) on 20 Nov 1957 and chaired by CINCENT. COMLANDCENT, COMAIRCENT, COMNAVCENT, Army Group and ATAP Commanders attended. As a result of the meeting, CINCENT confirmed and amplified the Planning Assumptions already issued9 in a paper APCE/278/57/1262/JP0/PP/419 Of 27 Dec 1957.
Duri&g the rest of 1957 work has continued within the 4 FONTAINE&LEAU Headquarters on the realization of the Basic Plan and the drafting of the various annexes to CE- JEDP 2-58 with a view to early publication in 1958.
23. Command of Naval Forces on the RHINE
Considerable changes occurred in the structure of Command of the RHINE in 1957. COMNAVCAG was disestablished as of June 1957.
The U0K0 MOD announced their intention to run down the R.N. Flotilla and to complete its withdrawal in April 1958.
The FRENCH Northern Flotilla ceased to exist in June.
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As a result of these measures CINCENT rendered effective a policy outlined in AFCE 122l/5/«JK)/PP/356 of 5 Dec 1956 and approved in principle by SHAPE, by which :
a. The U.S., BELGIAN and FRENCH Flotillas were transferred to the Command of their respective Land Forceso
bo The RoNo Squadron status remained unchanged until withdrawal.
Co Responsibility for the question of missions on the RHINE, (Crossing, denial and evacuation; was transferred from NAVCENT to LANDCENTo The adoption of a forward strategy in which the RHINE river is no longer considered primarily as a defence line but as a usable waterway* has made it necessary to plan for the establishment of a RHINE Control Authority responsible for all aspects, military and civilian of the RHINE problem. The sponsor staff branch for this planning is JLA, in view of the emphasis of logistic factors on the problem of control of the RHINE in future.
24. Structure of Naval Command in the BALTIC/DENMARK Area
It must be recalled that subsequent to the DANISH opposition to the establishment of an Allied Command for the BALTIC STRAITS area SACEUR decided in December 1956 to set up a provisional Naval organisation in the area along the broad lines :
COMNAVNORCENT would move to HOLENAU where he would :
a. with an International staff, advise and assist the GERMAN Naval BALTIC Forces in all matters concerning their assignment to NATOo In this capacity he reports to CINCENT through COMNAVCENTo
b. act as chairman of a NQRBH/Centre Planning Group established to progress Naval Planning for the area. In this capacity he reports both to CINCENT through COMNAVCENT and to CINCNORTH through COMNAVNORTH.
This provisional organization received national agreement in early 1957* It was officially submitted to the Standing Group by SHAPE AG 1530/6 P and P of 15 July 1957 and approved on 12 Sept by the NATO Council and commenced to function on 15 October 1957.
2 5 . GERMAN North Sea Sub-Area The new Cqmmand COMNORSEACENT was established on 1 April 1957.
The Commander is a GERMAN Admiral; he *has an all GERMAN naval staff and his HQ is at CUXHAVEN.
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26o FUTURE STRUCTURE OF COMMAND IN CENTRAL EUROPE
Shortly after CPX VII SACEUR requested CINCENT to express his views and make recommendations on the future Structure of Command in Central Europe, a study was made in AFUENT and forwarded to SHAPE by 1241/JPO/PP/252 of 2 July 1957.
This study chiefly concerned Land Forces. Its major recommendations , to be fully applicable by 1962, were as follows :
- The organization of our forces in 2 AG/ATAFs is maintained*
- The Northern AG should have 3 armies with a total of 11 or 12 divisions* Its Area should include SCHLESWIG/HOLSTEIN.
- The central AG should have 4 armies with a total of 15 or 16 Divisions including the BELGIAN CORPS. Its Area should cover the HESSE Gap in the North.
- A Regional Reserve of 8 to 10 Divisions should be constituted*.
- In most cases Armies should be "mixed" (i.e, made up of Divisions of 2 or 3 different nationalities).
- The Corps echelon of Command should be suppressed.
SACEUR1 s comments on CINCENT proposals are continued in personal letter of 20 Dec 1957-
SACEUR feels that, due to a variety of reasons the political and military situation in Europe is undergoing considerable changes and we may therefore have to change our tactical and strategic thinking in the near future; accordingly no radical change in our Command Structure should be decided now.
SACEUR agrees that we should dispense, in due course, with one echelon between Army Group and Division; however the echelon remaining should as far as possible be National in composition.
There will be, for the present, no change in NORTH/CENTRE Regions boundary.
- The boundary between NORTHAG and CENTAG should when practicable be adjusted to bring the CASSEL area under CENTAG; but the BELGIAN Corps will have to remain with NORTHAG.
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ATOMICS
27. general
During 1957 the significant development in Atomics may be grouped under the headings of Policy, Planning and Interdiction.
28. Policy
a. Atomic Policy in Central Region concerned itself chiefly with an attempt to resolve the question of which Commanders would be responsible for releasing atomic strikes. Regional guidance was set forth in PPCE 10580 of 1 March 1957; there would be only one releasing commander per atomic'plan and it would be that commander whose mission was supported by the atomic weapons in the piano Even so the 1-57 Atomic Plans were submitted to SACEUR with some plans showing two controlling Commanders. As a result of the issue by SACEUR of Annex C to the ACE-JEDP these plans were revised to show only one releasing Commander.
b. Annex C to SAOEX3R EBP likewise no longer required joint allocation of weapons to subordinates for the development of Atomic Plans but required that atomic plans which were of more than single service interest be jointly made. This change of policy was reflected by CINCENT's unilateral allocation of Directed Task Planning numbers to COMAIRCENT for the 2-58 Plans.
c. In October work on Annex D to CE-JEDP was begun to reflect Annex C to SACEUR's EDP. This work was finished and issued to the region in February of 1958.
29. Atomic Planning
a. The Atomic Plans to support CE-JEDP 1-57 were forwarded to SACEUR in April by CINCENT. These plans were amended in Oct 1957 to reflect SACEUR's review and his policy on releasing Commanders. The effectiveness of the plans was extended from 31 Dec. 1957 to 30 June 1958.
b. Atomic Planning to support the Advances Strategy effective on 1 July 1958, began in February 1957 with the development of a Staff Estimate of the number of weapons and delivery units to become available in June 1958. Taking into account the projected increase in atomic weapons and delivery means, a Concept of Operation was formulated to defend Central Europe further to the East. In September 1957 an assumed set of atomic Planning Numbers was issued to the Region by AFCENT for the development of the 2-58 Atomic Plans.
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Subordinates developed draft plans based on these numbers. SACEUR'g allocation of Atomic Planning Numbers was received in November. The APCENT estimated Planning Numbers and SACEUR's actual Planning Numbers were so nearly identical that only minor revision to the draft plan was required. For the first time Region Plans arrived at SHAPE on the due date, (15 Peb. 58).
30. Atpmic Interdiction
'a. On 18 January 1957 SHAPE representatives briefed the PONTAINEBLEAU Headquarters9 the Army Groups and the ATAF's on SACEUR's Interdiction Programme. (AFCE/27/57, H51 JPO/PP dated 25 Jan 1957). It was brought • out that SACEUR's Programme was coordinated with External Forces and required a long lead time for preparation. One result of this was that in the past regional Operations were planned in the light of a fait accompli in the interdiction field. It was believed that SACEUR's | Interdiction Programme could give better support to the regional mission if SACEUR's programme were developed with a knowledge of regional requirements.
b. As a result of PPCE 79924 of 21 Nov 1956, which requested recommendations for improving SACEUR's Interdiction Programme, (anti~ cipating the explanation in Jan 1957 per para a9 above), recommendations were received from COMLANDCENT. APCENT recommended to SACEUR that Regional and SACEUR Interdiction Planning be integrated prior to finalization of SACEUR's Interdiction Programme. On 10 May 1957 SACEUR requested that the Region present its requirements to SHAPE for SACEUR's 1958 Interdiction Programme in September 1957.
c. To develop regional requirements a conference of all subordinates was held at APCENT on 20 and 21 August 1957. These requirements are set forth in APCE 1226/3/JP0/PP/211 dated 26 August 1957 and presented to SHAPE. With certain reservations SHAPE accepted Regional Recommendations per SHAPE/116/57, AG 2030 dated 3 September 57.
d. Ag a result of the foregoing, SACEUR'j Interdiction Plan, effective 30 June 1958 reflects Centre Region Requirements of the extent that SACEUR's delivery capabilities permit. The Central Region 2-58 Interdiction Plans are closely integrated with SACEUR's Interdiction and are designed to support a defence of the Region along the defence line contemplated by the advance strategy.
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31o Air Defence
Air Defence until 1957 did not present major problems at the APCENT level because Air Defence was and is a national responsibility. In addition, because the major means of Air Defence was Air Forces, AIRCENT monitored the major portion of Air Defence activities for Central Europe. In 1957 hoHever. two developments brought APCENT more into the picture. These were :-
a. The contemplated establishment of an integrated NATO Air Defence.
b. The deployment of US Army NIKE Units in GERMANY and the contemplated deployment of NATO NIKE Units in Central Europe.
32. A series of conferences were held to :
a. evolve an organization for Air Defence in Central Europe
bo develop an Air Defence concept and NIKE deployment.
33. As the result of these conferences APCENT Air Defence Committee was established to handle Air Defence problems for the FONTAINEBLEAU complex of Headuqarters. This committee is responsible to CINCENT, and is chaired by a representative of COMAIRCENT, with LANDCENT and NAVCENT momborship and APCENT observers.
34. The APCENT Air Defence Committee prepared regional positions in 1957 on these subjects :
a. The terms of reference for the Air Defence Co-ordinator (Oct.1957)
bo Comments on SACEUR's proposed NIKE deployment (Dec. 1957).
35. Navigational and Bombing --ids
CINCENT sent SACEUR under APCE/19/57/6580/JPO/PP dated 24 January 1957 a joint study (APCENT, AIRCENT and LANDCENT) on the problem of defending the Navigational and Bombing Aids (NBA) in Central Region and requested SACEUR's comments. Agreed principles of the study are :
a. Land Forces define a general line which they have reasonable prospects of holding for at least 48 hours. NBA sited behind this line to get general area protection.
b. Air Forces protect NBA sited forward of this line by passive means (cover and deception) and local protection.
c. The most vital NBA East of the RHINE to be protected by permanent highly trained local defence detachments from NATO Land Forces.
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do The above are interim measures until all NATO aircraft have self contained systems for navigation and tombing.
Message from BACEUR to CINCENT SH 40366 dated 20 February 1957 gave geaeral approval to CINCENT^ study as above and suggested that Annex E to CE-JEDP 1-57 be based ion this study«
CINCENT in AFCE/67/57/6850/JP0/PP/98 dated 8 March 1957 to AIRCENT, LANCENT, NAVCENT, Army Groups and ATAFs gave his decision for the defence of NBA which was in line with the study as above0
CINCENT issued Annex E to CE-JEDP under cover of 1221/2/JPO/PP/ 303 dated 21 August 1957 which established responsibilities for defence of NBA, defined position of the 48 hours line, and listed the vitally important NBAo
J C 0 C'a
36. The concept of JCOC's was thoroughly tested in Exercise "COUNTER PUNCH" and though there were a few deviations from SACJIUR'S intended procedures, tftese were due mainly to misinterpretation and were rectified during the exercise. The four headquarters in FONTAINEBLEAU are continuing the study and development of smoothly operating JCOC's which will fit the Region's needs and purposes- In this regard SACEUR approved the following policy statements regarding JCOC'a*
37o At SHAPE1s request the instructions set forth in the reference are revised as follows : in the case where two JOC are established at the Headquarters of Land Forces and the Air Forces by the associated commanders at the field Army/Tactioal Air Force level or the equivalent Corps/Group level, each JOC will be maintained operational as regards to personnel and communications equipment» However only one JOC will be used to transmit atomic traffic (express messages), a n d will be designated as a JCOC.
38. SACEUR approves the following changes to the policy on JCOC's.
a0 In case a Commanding General is not present in the JCOC, it is necessary that he be represented by a staff officer authorised to speak for him in all atomic decisions.
b. Tfce primary function of a.JCOC is to take joint decisions. These decisions are to be transmitted to the interested Headquarters in order that"they may issue their operation orders in accordance with the decision taken. "The other JOC being in reserve for this purpose". This addition corrects an omission in translation from original FRENCH text i» the PPC£ M548 dated 24 June 1957.
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39<> In Phase I Operations the JOC established at the location designated by the air commander as his command post will bear the title JCOC and it alone will forward express traffic to higher echelonso During Phase II Operations the JOC established at the location designated by the land commander as his command post will assume the title JCOC and the authority held by the other JCOC in Phase Io
CINCENT will announce the close of Phase I in each area depend*it on the situation prevailing in each area and upon the advice of subordinate commanders«
The foregoing is nQt to be construed as restricting JOC's (Reserve JCOC's) from handling traffic necessary to their internal operations9 provided these actions are in accord with instructions and policies of the JCOC.
40. On 31 December 1957 SACEUR published his policy on JCOC^ as paragraph 6 of the ASPo it is not to be reproduced here for security reasonso
41. Future Plans
The two major items of future planning dealt with in 1957 were:
a. The minimum Force Study 1958-63 (SHAPE 154/57)
bo Plans in case of limited Aggression.
42. Minimum Force Study 1958-63
The SHAPE proposals on the Minimum Force requirements for ACE during the period 1958-63 were received by AFCENT in October 1957. Preliminary comments on the proposals were made by the various divisions in AFCENT and by the Major Subordinate Commands.
In November 1957 a briefing team from SHAPE under General GAZIN (Plans and Policy Div.) discussed the Minimum Force requirements with General VALLUY and Staff Officers from the FONTAINEBLEAU Headquarters, ATAF's and Army Groups.
As a result of these various studies AFCENT proposals and comments were submitted to SHAPE under reference AFCE 10/58.
43. Plans in case of Limited Aggression
In MC 14/2 and the Minimum Force Study 1958-63 SHAPE advanced the possibility of limited ware. Various definitions of limited aggression were given. It was evident that the subject required studying afresh in orftejr that new plans coulc} t>* formulated. The future Plans Committee submitted AFCE 26/58 to SHAPE indicating the lines on which plans were progressing and asking for guidance on which to base more positive plans*
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J P Q
44o In accordance with SACEUR»S directive (AG/1210/1 PAND P dated 17 Jan 1957) a new alert procedure? COUNTER SURPRISE MILITARY ALERT, was discussed with the major Subordinate Commands and the appropriate National authorities.
CINCENT's proposal to insert a precautionary state alert, STATE OP MILITARY VIGILANCE has been agreed by all these authorjties.
The results of these discussions have enabled SHAPE to submit details of the new procedures to the STANDING GROUP for approval (AG 1210/1 PAND P dated 22 Nov 1957h
The official approval of the new procedures and necessary amendments to the normal alert procedures now in force will necessitate the writing of a completely new "CINCENT ALERT MEASURES" (AFCE/50/%).
This will be done when STANDING GROUP approval has been received.
45- The whole system of alert measures was tested during CINCENT's exercise HOSTAGE NOIR in January 1958, Results and lessons of the exercise have fceen sent to SHAPE.
46. As a result of a new APCENT/LANDCENT Duty Officer Roster outside normal working hours it has been possible to instruct all duty officers in alert measure 9Xid procedure; previously only members of the Alert Measures Committee had this knowledge.
TRAINING AND EXERCISE BRANCH
47, Personnel Strength of the branch was increased, Lt.Col. W. LAMBRECHT GA, arriving from the GETI reported for duty with the Training Branch in September 1957.
48. Responsibilities of the branch were increased :
a. The Chief of the Training Branch becomes the Chairman of the Joint Training Committee (JTC) established in July 1957, to insure a better co-ordination of training matters in the four PONTAINEBLEAU He ad qua r t e rs.
bo Procedures for exercise planning were changed. The exercise co-ordinator for major j6int exercises is now either the chief of JPO/TNG Branch or his deputy.
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49• Joint Exercises,
Exercise LION NOIR, Central Region CPX? was conducted in March 1957
50. Exercise COUNTER PUNCH, SHAPE Joint Atomic Exercise was held in September 1957-
51o Exercise HOSTAGE N0IR9 CINCENT's Study Period, scheduled for December 1957 was played in January 1958 at the PALAIS DE CHAILLOT.
52. Cquraea
During 1957 quotas have been received from SHAPE and re-distributed by the training breach among APCENT Agencies and Subordinate Headquarters at the following schools:
a. UNITED STATES Special Weapons Scool, OBERAMMERGAU, GERMANY.
f NATO Senior Officers1 Courses.
NATO Staff Officers' Courses*
U,S Staff Officers' Courses.
bo School of land/air warfare, OLD SARUM, UNITED KINGDOM.
NATO Air Defence Courses.
NATO Transport Support Coursese NATO Senior Officers' Study Period,,
c. Amphibious warfare training centre, POOLE, UNITED KINGDOM.
Signals Officer*• Course.
Senior Officers' Study Period.
d. Joint Concealment Centre, NETHERAVON, UNITED KINGDOM.
Senior Officers' Study Period.
9. Royal Naval Mechanical ' 'raining and Repair establishment, CHATHAM, UNITED KINGDOM.
Hull Maintenance course in painting.
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53o Through bi-lateral arrangments a few spaces were obtained at French Joint Air-Operations School, BADEN-OOS GERMANY.
Courses of instruction Type A
Courses of instruction Type B
Senior Officers' Study Period
Air to ground Operations School of the 12th Air Force, RAMSTEIN, GERMANY.
54. Demonstratlona
On 2nd and 3rd May 1957 a presentation of French light armoured vehicles and anti-tank weapons was organized for Allied Officers of the FONTAINiiBLEAU Headquarters.
About 260 Officers from NATO and National Headquarters of Central Europe attended a NIKE orientation conference conducted by officers of the Air Defence Division, U.S. Army Europe, on 22 and 23 October at FONTAINEBLEAUo
55. Visits by External Agencies
JPO/TNG organised the visits by the NATO DEFENCE COLLEGE and the FRENCH Joint Staff College (Cours Superieur Inter-araee»(CSI)).
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CHAPTER III
BUDGET AND FINANCE DIVISION
1. ORGANIZATION AND TERMS Off REFERENCE
During 1957, the term3 of reference of the Budget and Finance Division were somewhat widened. On the one hand, the terms of reference of the Comptroller, Head of the Division, were extended to cover international equipment and the checking of equipment accounts in accordance with "A.G.E. financial Regulations and Procedures" dated 1 August 1957o On the other hand during 1957, HQ COMNAVNORCENT was included in the International Budget.
2. There was only one change in the officer establishment of the Division;
- Disbursing Branch : Captain R. LOGETTE (Fr» Army), posted a»d wa» replaced by Major Mo FRANZBACH (GERMAN Army).
3. FISCAL AND DISBURSING BRANCHES
W ^h« officers of the Fiscal and Disbursing Branches were transferred from Building 5 to Building 1 at Camp GUYNEMER on 1 March 1957. The new offices are larger and more comfortable than the old ones. During 19579 there were some arrivals and departures among the ORs in the sectionso
4. The total outlay budgeted for in 1957 amounted to 2o698.065.000 Francs. The actual outlay amounted to 2.424»815»000 Francs. These figures are higher than tnose of the previous years,.
Thus the work of these two sections, which was already heavy, increased during 1957*.
5. BUDGET BRANCH
AFCENT's budget for 1957 was examined by the NATO Military Budget Committee in February and January,, The budget was approved by the
Korth Atlantic Council on 20 March 1957, Three provisional grants ere therefore necessary to cover current expenses during the first 3 months of 1957o
Credits granted under the 1957 budget amounted .to .2.437.645.000 francs (plus 197O960O000 francs Contract Authority Funds). This is less than the figures for the 1956 Budget which were 2.805.646.000 francs (plus 15.359.000 francs Contract Authority). The 1956 Budget included important sums for the purchase of Signals equipment.
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BUDGET AND FINANCE DIVISION
60 The Budget Branch also had to prepare 2 APCENT Supplementary budget drafts for 1957o The first concerned exercise LION NOIR and the peacetime occupation bv HQ APCENT of premises assigned as War Headquarters; total credits granted under this first supplementary budget amounted to 22,036„000 francs<, The second draft budget was concerned with the reimbursement to PRANCE of maintenance costs of "special installations" in 1956 and preceding years; this budget was approved and amounted to 2*51 <> 9860 000 francs o
7. Finally, as in previous years, preparation of the APCENT Budget for 1958 was started in «June» This budget was presented in the form of a first draft in July and in final form in Augusto Credits budgeted for were much the same as in the pasto In addition they included necessary credits for setting up and operating the LANDCENT Microwave systemo The Military Budget Committee began examining this budget in Oqtober, but had not finished on 31 December^
80 As in the past, the Division helped in the preparation and the discussion with the financial authorities of the budgets for Central Europe's Subordinate Headquarterso
90 At 4 ATAF, which is on full International budget, the normal 1957 budget was approved to the sum<(of 80202«64?« Deutsche MaricS (plus Contract authority funds for Signals equipment amounting to 2o563o1160 DoMo), In addition a budget presented to regularise expenditure in 1955 was approved to the sum of 636o838» D.M.
10o Another subordinate command, COMNAVNORCENT, operates under a full international budget since October 1957<> For this command, financial operations are carried out by a finance officer who comes directly under the APCENT Fiscal Brancho Credits granted by the Military Budget Committee, as an interim measure for the year 1957, amounted to 71o880 D.M.
11. For the Central Amy Group the 1957 budget was drawn up, as in the past, on the basis of a partial international budget. Credits granted amounted to 185»908 0oV
12o For the Northern Army. Group and 2 AXAF, a budget was drafted on the basis of a partial international budget for the reimbursement of expenses laid out by the nations during 1956 and 1957» This budget is now being examined by the NATO Military Budget Committee.
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BUDttET AND FINANCE DIVISION
13. Finally, during the second half of 1957, the various subordinate organizations drew up their repsective budgets for 1958. The NATO Military Budget Committee had not finished examining these budgets on 31 December,,
1 4. ADMINISTRATION AiND COiNTIlOL BRnNCH
Responsible for current administrative work, the Administration Branch as in the past, also carried out other work (Control of Civilian Staff administration^ verification of special services outside the budget, use of international funds granted to the International School etc...).. In addition the "ead of this branch is still the Central -Europe representative on the SHAPE Committee for Tax-Free Petrol9 and, as such, organises and supervises the issue of petrol coupons to entitled personnel who, at the end of 1957> numbered about 900. The raising
restrictions on petrol made it possible for normal regulations confining tax-free petrol to be brought back into force on July 1 1957.
15. In addition^ the Administrative ^ranch has been made responsible for carrying out control checks of international property and for verifying equipment accounts in accordance with A.C.K. 'Regulations. Since 1 August 1957 therefore, the branch has been known as the Administration and Control Branch.
m
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CHAPTER IV
J/SIGS
1.. Organisation
No major change took place in AFCENT/JSIGS during 1957. It should however be noted that the activities of the Division have continued to be affected by the insufficient number of officers. Personnel requirements for setting up an "Electronic Warfare Branch" were included
t in SHAPED Personnel Requirements Programme for 1958-1962. In addition • the need for forming a Frequency Planning Board at AFCENT/JSIG level was
pointed out to SHAPE (3150/1 JSIG/131/57 dated 25 February 1957), but no . action was taken in 1957. An additional officer, however, was assigned • to Telecommunications Branch in November 1957.
2« Plans Section
Among the important plans studied in 1957, the following should be ^phtioned:
a. Central Europe ON-line Plan
An initial plan was developed (ref. 1220/JSIG/289/58 dated 30 April 1957), then modified to take into account increases in available equipment (ref. 3191/2/JSIG/89/58 dated 30 January 1958).
b. AVON Joint Signal Centre
Detailed studies on necessary equipment for setting UP the Joint Signal Centre at AVON, as well a s methods of transferring the circuits carried out at the beginning cf 1957. A large number of circuits were transferred during 1957 anu the installation of the Centre continued.
c. Central Europe Headquarters Signal Support Units
A study on personnel requirements for the Central Europe Headquarters Signal Support Units was sent to SHAPE (ref. 4070/JSIG/398/57 ^kted 24 June 1957).
". <*• Maintenance of cryptographic equipment and training of operators
These questions were discussed and developed during several . meetings held in August and September 1957.
e. Electronic Counter-Measures 1 1 • • 1 • i 1 • i 1 1 1 ifi
In accordance with SHAPE instructions (re'. 1460 SIG/EL dated 10 September 1957), studies were begun to develoj an ECM Plan for the Central Europe Region.
In the first place, a minimum requirements plan was sent to SHAPE (ref. 1460.1/JSIG/854/57 dated 13 December 1957).
In addition, a meeting was scheduled for February 1957 with the NATO Commands and the Nations in order to lay down the procedure to be adopted for working out the detailed plans.
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J/SIG3
f. Central Communications Depot Repair Facility
Following a ueeting held at SHAPE from 26 to 29 March 1957 (ref. SH 34057 dated 21 February 1957) a working party was formed to examine the possibility of setting up at Central Europe level a depot workshop for Signals equipment.
The first report from this wotking party (6520 JSIG/401/57 dated 25 June 19^7) concluded that there was a need for this depot and that it was possible to yet it up. Detailed studies are being carried out.
g. Alert Plans. Emergency Defence Plans, dar IKj Pjaii3
Representatives of AFCIONT/JoIG attended meetings concerning th#8e plans and have prepared the Signals parts of them.
3. Exercises
AFCENT/JSIG helped prepare and took part in the following exercises : LION NOIR, COUNTER PUNCH, SKLSX III, ROLL ALONG I, HOSTAGE NOIR.
4. Training
a. Orientation Course for Signal Centre Officers.
b. Teletype Supervisors Course.
c. Crypto Repair - mechanics Course.
d. Microwave Repair - mechanics Course.
These courses were continued as during the previous years.
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AFCE/135/58 COSMIC TOP SECRET
ANNEX TO AFCENT HISTORICAL
REPORT FOR 1Q57.
HEADQUARTERS ALLIED FORCES CENTRAL EUROPE FONTAINEBLEAU. PRANCE
APCE/8/56 Copy NoA
1101/JPO/PP/6 H January 1958
Subject : Combat Readiness Report
Reference : SH 38991 dated 9 October 1957
General d'Armee J.E. VALLUY
Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces Central Europe
to
Supreme Commander Allied Powers Europe
1• I submit herewith the Combat Readiness Report compiled by the Commander of my Allied Land Forces. (Not attached to this Annex).
2. I fully concur in the views of COMLANDCENT but I would like to stress the followiiig points which appear to me to be of particular importance and to whicjh the attention of national authorities as appro
priate should "once mo*e be drawn with" a view of effecting early-improvements:
a. The 17 1/3 divisions presently available are insufficient in strength to provide the necessary covering forces, main bodies and above all the local r^rves Lo enable a successful land defence of Central Europe to be Carried out under a fully forward strategy. Under conditions of atomic var with little or no warning, the planned post M-day divisions are likely to arrive too late to be effective even if it should be possible at that stage to move them into the combat area. It should therefore b$ our constant aim to ensure that the maximum M-day forces are provided, (at the expense if necessary of post M-day forces), and that peacetime deployments" should accord more closely with the planned war deployment areas than is at present the case.
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APCB/135/58 COSMIC TOP SECRET
b. In peace all presently available atomic land delivery means are concentrated in the Central Army Group area. A U.S. atomic task force is planned to be moved to support Northern Army Group,-but such a move might not be possible to execute in time in event of a war with Utile or no warning. Until such time as the formation of Northern Army Group possess their own built-in atomic land delivery means, the U.S. task xorce should be stationed in peace in the Northern Army Group area. I am aware that considerable construction costs for accommodation fer this task force would be incurred, but I think they are fully justifiable operationally.
c. The whole success of our use of land delivery atomic weapons' hangs, on accurate and timely air reconnaissance for suitable targets. COMAIRCfiNT's reconnaissance capabilities are at present barely suffioient for his strategical requirements in support of SACEUR's ASP, and althou^ he plans with the agreement of COMLANDCENT to use strike and other air-^P craft with reconnaissance as a secondary task, I believe the bringing into service of the reconnaissance version light weight strike fighter is a very urgent need if adequate reconnaissance is to be provided for the land forces»
d. I am particularly concerned at the present inadequate logistic support for GERMAN divisions and I consider that until the GERMANS can themselves provide this support the U.S., BRITISH and FRENCH authorities must be actively encouraged to help. National Commanders on the spot are fully alive to this problem, but they require the authority of their respective Goverments.
e. I sympathize very much with COMLANDCENT in hie difficulty of having a heterogeneous collection of formations with different organizations and equipment, but I fear that this is to some extent inherent in an alliance such as NATO. Nevertheless I am grateful for the efforts^ already made by SHAPE in the field of standardization wherever this is A possible and I look forward to further substantial progress in this field in the future.
f. I shall be very grateful for any help that SHAPE may be able to give towards improving the situation as regards available training areas. The larger the build-up of GERMAN forces the more acutely is this shortage being felt.
3. In this covering letter I do not mention the problems which have already been put forward on Logistips, Air Defence and the need for better Intelligence, which are already under study at SHAPE.
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION
Copy No.
Signed : VALLUY
General d'Armee J.E. VALLUY Commander-in-Chief
Allied Forces Central Europe
— *
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