All Things are Not Equal: Institutional Racial Disproportionality & Disparity Across Systems Joyce James, LCSW-AP Associate Deputy Executive Commissioner.
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All Things are Not Equal: Institutional Racial Disproportionality
Mission of the Center for Elimination ofDisproportionality and Disparities
The mission of the Center is to partner with health and human services agencies, external stakeholders, as well as other systems and communities to identify and eliminate disproportionality and disparities affecting children, families and vulnerable populations.
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Term Definition Most commonly used in:
Disproportionality The fact that some racial or ethnic groups of families and children are represented in various child welfare services populations at levels that are disproportionate to their numbers in the overall family or child population.A
Child welfare
Health Disparity Differences in health outcomes and their determinants between segments of the population, as defined by social, demographic, environmental, and geographic attributes.B
Health and mental health
Disproportionate minority contact (DMC)
The disproportionate number of minority youth that come into contact with the juvenile justice system.C
Juvenile justice
Achievement gap The difference in the performance between each Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) subgroup (Overall, Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, Free or Reduced Price Meals, Limited English Proficient Students, and Special Education Students) within a participating Local Education Authority (LEA) or school and the statewide average performance of the LEA's or State's highest achieving subgroups in reading/language arts and mathematics as measured by the assessments required under the ESEA.D
Education
Many terms are used to describe racial inequity in outcomes across systems
*Note: Practitioners within a discipline often disagree about precise term definitions. These examples are drawn from reputable organizations and are intended to illustrate the general degree of similarity across systems.Sources: A - Courtney, M., and Skyles, A. (2003). Racial disproportionality in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 25, 5, 355-358 B - Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Supplement Vol 60. C - U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs (2012). "About DMC." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ojjdp.gov/dmc/about.html D - U.S. Department of Education (2012). "Definitions." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ed.gov/race-top/district-competition/definitions. 3
Definition*: The fact that some racial or ethnic groups of families and children are represented in various child welfare services populations at levels that are disproportionate to their numbers in the overall family or child population.
Most Commonly Used: Child welfare
*Note: Practitioners within a discipline often disagree about precise term definitions. These examples are drawn from reputable organizations and are intended to illustrate the general degree of similarity across systems.
Source: Courtney, M., and Skyles, A. (2003). Racial disproportionality in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 25, 5, 355-358
Definition: Differences in health outcomes and their determinants between segments of the population, as defined by social, demographic, environmental, and geographic attributes.
Most Commonly Used: Health and mental health
Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). CDC Health Disparities and Ineqalities Report. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Supplement Vol 60.
Term: Achievement gapDefinition: The difference in the performance between each Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) subgroup (Overall, Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, Free or Reduced Price Meals, Limited English Proficient Students, and Special Education Students) within a participating Local Education Authority (LEA) or school and the statewide average performance of the LEA's or State's highest achieving subgroups in reading/language arts and mathematics as measured by the assessments required under the ESEA.Most Commonly Used: Education
Source: U.S. Department of Education (2012). "Definitions." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ed.gov/race-top/district-competition/definitions.
Current (2007-2009) outcomes in Texas:African Americans > 2x as likely to have poor outcomes in every system
Relative rate index for measures across child welfare, health, education, juvenile justice, and criminal justice
Tim
es m
ore
/ les
s lik
ely
than
whi
tes
Outcome
Source: The Interagency Council for Addressing Disproportionality (2011) Texas Health and Human Services Cross System Data. Texas Health and Human Services Commission, Center for the Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities Texas State Office of Minority Health.
Collect, research, analyze, and proactively share data on system outcomes by race and ethnicity
Leadership DevelopmentGrow both systems and community leaders that are courageous and grounded in C.E.D.D. approach
Culturally Competent WorkforceDevelop workforce that reviews and examines its work through an anti-racist and humanistic lens
Community EngagementRecognize strengths of grass roots community, hear its ideas, and include it throughout process
Cross Systems CollaborationShare data, training, and dialogue with systems, institutions, and agencies that serve same populations
Training Defined by Anti-Racist Principles1
Train staff and partners in principles that ensure we work at cultural and institutional levels
An Understanding of the History of Institutional Racism and the Impact on Poor Communities and Communities of ColorDevelop common analysis of racism and history that led to current outcomes
The Texas Model led to a statewide decrease in removal rates between 2005 and 2010
African-American
Hispanic
Anglo
Disparity (= African American Rate – Anglo Rate)
Source: The Interagency Council for Addressing Disproportionality (2011) Comparison of Stages Data. Texas Health and Human Services Commission, Center for the Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities Texas State Office of Minority Health.
The decrease was most pronounced in counties where the Texas Model is most developed
African American removal rates pre- and post intervention
Anglo removal rates pre- and post intervention
2005
2005
2005
Pre-
2005
2008
2008
2008
2008
.6% .1%
1.2% .6%
Focus counties (Harris, Tarrant, Dallas, Travis, Jefferson) began community engagement in 2005, 2 years before the rest of the state
Source: Baumann, D. J., Fluke, J. Graham, J. C., Wittenstrom, K., Hedderson, J., Riveau, S., Detlaff, A., Rycraft, J., Ortiz, M. J., James, J. Kromrei, L., Craig, S., Capouch, Sheets, J., Ward, D., Breidenbach, R., Hardaway, A., Boudreau, B., and Brown, N. (2010).Disproportionality in Child Protective Services: The Preliminary Results of Statewide Reform Efforts. Provided to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. March.