Interview Questions
Low Level
1. Features of windows2003
ACTIVE DIRECTORY
Easier Deployment and Management
ADMT version 2.0migrates password from NT4 to 2000 to 20003 or
from 2000 to 2003
Domain Rename--- supports changing Domain Name System and/or
NetBios name
Schema Redefine--- Allows deactivation of attributes and class
definitions in the Active directory schema
AD/AM--- Active directory in application mode is a new
capability of AD that addresses certain deployment scenarios
related to directory enabled applications
Group Policy Improvements----introduced GPMC tool to manage
group policy
UIEnhanced User Interface
Grater Security
Cross-forest Authentication
Cross-forest Authorization
Cross-certification Enhancements
IAS and Cross-forest authentication
Credential Manager
Software Restriction Policies
Improved Performance and Dependability
Easier logon for remote offices
Group Membership replication enhancements
Application Directory Partitions
Install Replica from media
Dependability Improvements--- updated Inter-Site Topology
Generator (ISTG) that scales better by supporting forests with a
greater number of sites than Windows 2000.
FILE AND PRINT SERVICES
Volume shadow copy service
NTFS journaling file system
EFS
Improved CHDSK Performance
Enhanced DFS and FRS
Shadow copy of shared folders
Enhanced folder redirection
Remote document sharing (WEBDAV)
IIS
Fault-tolerant process architecture----- The IIS 6.0
fault-tolerant process architecture isolates Web sites and
applications into self-contained units called application pools
Health Monitoring---- IIS 6.0 periodically checks the status of
an application pool with automatic restart on failure of the Web
sites and applications within that application pool, increasing
application availability. IIS 6.0 protects the server, and other
applications, by automatically disabling Web sites and applications
that fail too often within a short amount of time
Automatic Process Recycling--- IIS 6.0 automatically stops and
restarts faulty Web sites and applications based on a flexible set
of criteria, including CPU utilization and memory consumption,
while queuing requests
Rapid-fail Protection---- If an application fails too often
within a short amount of time, IIS 6.0 will automatically disable
it and return a "503 Service Unavailable" error message to any new
or queued requests to the application
Edit-While-Running
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/evaluation/overview/technologies/default.mspx2.
Difference between NT & 2000
NT SAM database is a flat database. Where as in windows 2000
active directory database is a hierarchical database.
In Windows NT only PDC is having writable copy of SAM database
but the BDC is only read only database. In case of Windows 2000
both DC and ADC is having write copy of the database
Windows NT will not support FAT32 file system. Windows 2000
supports FAT32
Default authentication protocol in NT is NTLM (NT LAN manager).
In windows 2000 default authentication protocol is Kerberos V5.
Windows 2000 depends and Integrated with DNS. NT user NetBIOS
names
Active Directory can be backed up easily with System state
data
3. Difference between 2000 & 2003
Application Server mode is introduced in windows 2003
Possible to configure stub zones in windows 2003 DNS
Volume shadow copy services is introduced
Windows 2003 gives an option to replicate DNS data b/w all DNS
servers in forest or All DNS servers in the domain.
Refer Question 1 for all Enhancements
4. Difference between PDC & BDC
PDC contains a write copy of SAM database where as BDC contains
read only copy of SAM database. It is not possible to reset a
password or create objects with out PDC in Windows NT.
5. Difference between DC & ADC
There is no difference between in DC and ADC both contains write
copy of AD. Both can also handles FSMO roles (If transfers from DC
to ADC). It is just for identification. Functionality wise there is
no difference.
6. What is DNS & WINS
DNS is a Domain Naming System, which resolves Host names to IP
addresses. It uses fully qualified domain names. DNS is an Internet
standard used to resolve host names
WINS is a Windows Internet Name Service, which resolves NetBIOS
names to IP Address. This is proprietary for Windows
7. Types of DNS Servers
We can configure 7 types of DNS servers in windows.
Primary DNS
Secondary DNS
Active Directory Integrated DNS
Root DNS
Forwarder
Master
Caching only DNS
8. If DHCP is not available what happens to the client
Client will not get IP and it cannot be participated in network.
If client already got the IP and having lease duration it use the
IP till the lease duration expires.
9. what are the different types of trust relationships
Implicit Trusts
Explicit TrustsNT to Win2k or Forest to Forest
10. what is the process of DHCP for getting the IP address to
the client
There is a four way negotiation process b/w client and
server
DHCP Discover (Initiated by client)
DHCP Offer (Initiated by server)
DHCP Select (Initiated by client)
DHCP Acknowledgement (Initiated by Server)
DHCP Negative Acknowledgement (Initiated by server if any issues
after DHCP offer)
11. Difference between FAT,NTFS & NTFSVersion5
NTFS Version 5 features
Encryption is possible
We can enable Disk Quotas
File compression is possible
Sparse files
Indexing Service
NTFS change journal
In FAT file system we can apply only share level security. File
level protection is not possible. In NTFS we can apply both share
level as well as file level security
NTFS supports large partition sizes than FAT file systems
NTFS supports long file names than FAT file systems
12. What are the port numbers for FTP, Telnet, HTTP, DNS
FTP-21, Telnet 23, HTTP-80, DNS-53, Kerberos-88, LDAP-389
13. what are the different types of profiles in 2000
Local Profiles
Roaming profiles
Mandatory Profiles
14. what is the database files used for Active Directory
NTDS.DIT
15. What is the location of AD Database
%System root%/NTDS/NTDS>DIT
16. What is the authentication protocol used in NT
NTLM (NT LAN Manager)
17. What is subnetting and supernetting
Subnetting is the process of borrowing bits from the host
portion of an address to provide bits for identifying additional
sub-networks
Supernetting merges several smaller blocks of IP addresses
(networks) that are continuous into one larger block of addresses.
Borrowing network bits to combine several smaller networks into one
larger network does supernetting
18. what is the use of terminal services
Terminal services can be used as Remote Administration mode to
administer remotely as well as Application Server Mode to run the
application in one server and users can login to that server to use
that application.
19. what is the protocol used for terminal services
RDP
20. what is the port number for RDP
3389
Medium Level
1. what is the difference between Authorized DHCP and Non
Authorized DHCP
To avoid problems in the network causing by mis-configured DHCP
servers, server in windows 2000 must be validate by AD before
starting service to clients. If an authorized DHCP finds any DHCP
server in the network it stop serving the clients
2. Difference between inter-site and intra-site replication.
Protocols using for replication.
Intra-site replication can be done between the domain
controllers in the same site. Inter-site replication can be done
between two different sites over WAN links
BHS (Bridge Head Servers) is responsible for initiating
replication between the sites. Inter-site replication can be done
B/w BHS in one site and BHS in another site.
We can use RPC over IP or SMTP as a replication protocol where
as Domain partition is not possible to replicate using SMTP
3. How to monitor replication
We can user Replmon tool from support tools
4. Brief explanation of RAID Levels
RAID 0 Striping
RAID 1- Mirroring (minimum 2 HDD required)
RAID 5 Striping with Parity (Minimum 3 HDD required)
RAID levels 1 and 5 only gives redundancy
5. What are the different backup strategies are available
Normal Backup
Incremental Backup
Differential Backup
Daily Backup
Copy Backup
6. What is a global catalog
Global catalog is a role, which maintains Indexes about objects.
It contains full information of the objects in its own domain and
partial information of the objects in other domains. Universal
Group membership information will be stored in global catalog
servers and replicate to all GCs in the forest.
7. What is Active Directory and what is the use of it
Active directory is a directory service, which maintains the
relation ship between resources and enabling them to work together.
Because of AD hierarchal structure windows 2000 is more scalable,
reliable. Active directory is derived from X.500 standards where
information is stored is hierarchal tree like structure. Active
directory depends on two Internet standards one is DNS and other is
LDAP. Information in Active directory can be queried by using LDAP
protocol
8. what is the physical and logical structure of AD
Active directory physical structure is a hierarchal structure
which fallows ForestsTreesDomainsChild DomainsGrand Childetc
Active directory is logically divided into 3 partitions
1. Configuration partition 2. Schema Partition 3. Domain
partition 4. Application Partition (only in windows 2003 not
available in windows 2000)
Out of these Configuration, Schema partitions can be replicated
between the domain controllers in the in the entire forest. Where
as Domain partition can be replicated between the domain
controllers in the same domain
9. What is the process of user authentication (Kerberos V5) in
windows 2000
After giving logon credentials an encryption key will be
generated this is used to encrypt the time stamp of the client
machine. User name and encrypted timestamp information will be
provided to domain controller for authentication. Then Domain
controller based on the password information stored in AD for that
user it decrypts the encrypted time stamp information. If produces
time stamp matches to its time stamp. It will provide logon session
key and Ticket granting ticket to client in an encryption format.
Again client decrypts and if produced time stamp information is
matching then it will use logon session key to logon to the domain.
Ticket granting ticket will be used to generate service granting
ticket when accessing network resources
10. what are the port numbers for Kerberos, LDAP and Global
catalog
Kerberos 88, LDAP 389, Global Catalog 3268
11. What is the use of LDAP (X.500 standard?)
LDAP is a directory access protocol, which is used to exchange
directory information from server to clients or from server to
servers
12. what are the problems that are generally come across
DHCP
Scope is full with IP addresses no IPs available for new
machines
If scope options are not configured properly eg default
gateway
Incorrect creation of scopes etc
13. what is the role responsible for time synchronization
PDC Emulator is responsible for time synchronization. Time
synchronization is important because Kerberos authentication
depends on time stamp information
14. what is TTL & how to set TTL time in DNS
TTL is Time to Live setting used for the amount of time that the
record should remain in cache when name resolution happened.
We can set TTL in SOA (start of authority record) of DNS
15. How to take DNS and WINS,DHCP backup
%System root%/system32/dns
%System root%/system32/WINS
%System root%/system32/DHCP
16. What is recovery console
Recovery console is a utility used to recover the system when it
is not booting properly or not at all booting. We can perform
fallowing operations from recovery console
We can copy, rename, or replace operating system files and
folders
Enable or disable service or device startup the next time that
start computer
Repair the file system boot sector or the Master Boot Record
Create and format partitions on drives
17. What is DFS & its usage
DFS is a distributed file system used to provide common
environment for users to access files and folders even when they
are shared in different servers physically.
There are two types of DFS domain DFS and Stand alone DFS. We
cannot provide redundancy for stand alone DFS in case of failure.
Domain DFS is used in a domain environment which can be accessed by
/domain name/root1 (root 1 is DFS root name). Stand alone DFS can
be used in workgroup environment which can be accessed through
/server name/root1 (root 1 is DFS root name). Both the cases we
need to create DFS root (Which appears like a shared folder for end
users) and DFS links (A logical link which is pointing to the
server where the folder is physically shared)
The maximum number of Dfs roots per server is1.
The maximum numbers of Dfs root replicas are 31.
The maximum number of Dfs roots per domain is unlimited.
The maximum number of Dfs links or shared folders in a Dfs root
is1,000
18. What is RIS and what are its requirements
RIS is a remote installation service, which is used to install
operation system remotely.
Client requirements
PXE DHCP-based boot ROM version 1.00 or later NIC, or a network
adapter that is supported by the RIS boot disk.
Should meet minimum operating system requirements
Software Requirements
Below network services must be active on RIS server or any
server in the network
Domain Name System (DNS Service)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Active directory Directory service
19. How many root replicas can be created in DFS
31
20. What is the difference between Domain DFS and Standalone
DFS
Refer question 17.
High Level
1. Can we establish trust relationship between two forests
In Windows 2000 it is not possible. In Windows 2003 it is
possible
2. What is FSMO Roles
Flexible single master operation (FSMO) roll are
Domain Naming Master
Schema Master
PDC Emulator
Infrastructure Master
RID Master
3. Brief all the FSMO Roles
Domain Naming master and schema master are forest level roles.
PDC emulator, Infrastructure master and RID master are Domain level
roles;
First server in the forest performs all 5 roles by default.
Later we can transfer the roles
Domain Naming Master: Domain naming master is responsible for
maintaining the relation ship between the domains. With out this
role it is not possible to add or remove any domain.
Schema Master: Schema contains set of classes and attributes.
e.g. User, computer, printer are the objects in AD which are having
their own set of attributes.. Schema master is responsible for
maintaining this schema. Changes to the schema will affect entire
forest.
PDC Emulator: Server, which is performing this role, acts as a
PDC in a mixed mode to synchronize directory information between
windows 2000 DC to Windows NT BDC. Server, which is performing this
role, will contain latest password information. This role is also
responsible for time synchronization in the forest.
Infrastructure Master: It is responsible for managing group
membership information in the domain. This role is responsible for
updating DN when name or location of the object is modified.
RID Master: Server, which is performing this role, will provide
pool of RID to other domain controllers in the domain. SID is the
combination of SID and RID SID=SID+RID where SID is Security
identifier common for all objects in the domain and RID is relative
identifier unique for each object
4. How to manually configure FSMO Roles to separate DCs
We can configure manually by two ways
Through MMC
We can configure Domain Naming Master role through Active
directory domains and trusts
We can configure Schema Master role through Active Directory
schema
Other Three roles we can configure by Active directory users and
computers
Through command promptBy using command NTDSUTILtype ROLEStype
CONNECTIONSCONNECT TO SERVER SERVERNAME where server name is the
name of the domain controller that you want to assign role---- Type
transfer role, where role is the role that you want to transfer.
For a list of roles that you can transfer, type? at the fsmo
maintenance prompt, and then press ENTER, or see the list of roles
at the start of this article. For example, to transfer the RID
master role, type transfer rid master. The one exception is for the
PDC emulator role, whose syntax is transfer pdc, not transfer pdc
emulator.
5. What is the difference between authoritative and
non-authoritative restore
In authoritative restore, Objects that are restored will be
replicated to all domain controllers in the domain. This can be
used specifically when the entire OU is disturbed in all domain
controllers or specifically restore a single object, which is
disturbed in all DCs
In non-authoritative restore, Restored directory information
will be updated by other domain controllers based on the latest
modification time.
6. what is Active Directory De-fragmentation
De-fragmentation of AD means separating used space and empty
space created by deleted objects and reduces directory size (only
in offline De-fragmentation)
7. Difference between online and offline de-fragmentation
Online De-fragmentation will be performed by garbage collection
process, which runs for every 12 hours by default which separate
used space and white space (white space is the space created
because of object deletion in AD eg User) and improves the
efficiency of AD when the domain controller up and running
Offline defragmentation can be done manually by taking domain
controller into Restoration mode. We can only reduce the file size
of directory database where as the efficiency will be same as in
online defragmentation
8. What is tombstone period
Tombstones are nothing but objects marked for deletion. After
deleting an object in AD the objects will not be deleted
permanently. It will be remain 60 days by default (which can be
configurable) it adds an entry as marked for deletion on the object
and replicates to all DCs. After 60 days object will be deleted
permanently from all Dcs.
9. what is white space and Garbage collection
Refer question 7
10. What are the monitoring tools used for Server and Network
Health. How to define alert mechanism
Spot Light, SNMP Need to enable.
11. How to deploy the patches and what are the softwares used
for this process
Using SUS (Software update services) server we can deploy
patches to all clients in the network. We need to configure an
option called Synchronize with Microsoft software update server
option and schedule time to synchronize in server. We need to
approve new update based on the requirement. Then approved update
will be deployed to clients
We can configure clients by changing the registry manually or
through Group policy by adding WUAU administrative template in
group policy
12. What is Clustering? Briefly define & explain it
Clustering is a technology, which is used to provide High
Availability for mission critical applications. We can configure
cluster by installing MCS (Microsoft cluster service) component
from Add remove programs, which can only available in Enterprise
Edition and Data center edition.
In Windows we can configure two types of clusters
NLB (network load balancing) cluster for balancing load between
servers. This cluster will not provide any high availability.
Usually preferable at edge servers like web or proxy.
Server Cluster: This provides High availability by configuring
active-active or active-passive cluster. In 2 node active-passive
cluster one node will be active and one node will be stand by. When
active server fails the application will FAILOVER to stand by
server automatically. When the original server backs we need to
FAILBACK the application
Quorum: A shared storage need to provide for all servers which
keeps information about clustered application and session state and
is useful in FAILOVER situation. This is very important if Quorum
disk fails entire cluster will fails
Heartbeat: Heartbeat is a private connectivity between the
servers in the cluster, which is used to identify the status of
other servers in cluster.
13. How to configure SNMP
SNMP can be configured by installing SNMP from Monitoring and
Management tools from Add and Remove programs.
For SNMP programs to communicate we need to configure common
community name for those machines where SNMP programs (eg DELL OPEN
MANAGER) running. This can be configured from services.msc--- SNMP
service -- Security
14. Is it possible to rename the Domain name & how?
In Windows 2000 it is not possible. In windows 2003 it is
possible. On Domain controller by going to MYCOMPUTER properties we
can change.
15. What is SOA Record
SOA is a Start of Authority record, which is a first record in
DNS, which controls the startup behavior of DNS. We can configure
TTL, refresh, and retry intervals in this record.
16. What is a Stub zone and what is the use of it.
Stub zones are a new feature of DNS in Windows Server 2003 that
can be used to streamline name resolution, especially in a split
namespace scenario. They also help reduce the amount of DNS traffic
on your network, making DNS more efficient especially over slow WAN
links.17. What are the different types of partitions present in
AD
Active directory is divided into three partitions
Configuration Partitionreplicates entire forest
Schema Partitionreplicates entire forest
Domain Partitionreplicate only in domain
Application Partition (Only in Windows 2003)
18. What are the (two) services required for replication
File Replication Service (FRS)
Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC)
19. Can we use a Linux DNS Sever in 2000 Domain
We can use, but the BIND version should be 8 or greater
20. What is the difference between IIS Version 5 and IIS Version
6
Refer Question 1
21. What is ASR (Automated System Recovery) and how to implement
it
ASR is a two-part system; it includes ASR backup and ASR
restore. The ASR Wizard, located in Backup, does the backup
portion. The wizard backs up the system state, system services, and
all the disks that are associated with the operating system
components. ASR also creates a file that contains information about
the backup, the disk configurations (including basic and dynamic
volumes), and how to perform a restore.
You can access the restore portion by pressing F2 when prompted
in the text-mode portion of setup. ASR reads the disk
configurations from the file that it creates. It restores all the
disk signatures, volumes, and partitions on (at a minimum) the
disks that you need to start the computer. ASR will try to restore
all the disk configurations, but under some circumstances it might
not be able to. ASR then installs a simple installation of Windows
and automatically starts a restoration using the backup created by
the ASR Wizard.
22. What are the different levels that we can apply Group
Policy
We can apply group policy at SITE level---Domain Level---OU
level
23. What is Domain Policy, Domain controller policy, Local
policy and Group policy
Domain Policy will apply to all computers in the domain, because
by default it will be associated with domain GPO, Where as Domain
controller policy will be applied only on domain controller. By
default domain controller security policy will be associated with
domain controller GPO. Local policy will be applied to that
particular machine only and effects to that computer only.
24. What is the use of SYSVOL folder
Policies and scripts saved in SYSVOL folder will be replicated
to all domain controllers in the domain. FRS (File replication
service) is responsible for replicating all policies and
scripts
25. What is folder redirection?Folder Redirection is a User
group policy. Once you create the group policy and link it to the
appropriate folder object, an administrator can designate which
folders to redirect and where to do this, the administrator needs
to navigate to the following location in the Group Policy
Object:
User Configuration\Windows Settings\Folder Redirection
In the Properties of the folder, you can choose Basic or
Advanced folder redirection and you can designate the server file
system path to which the folder should be redirected.
The %USERNAME% variable may be used as part of the redirection
path, thus allowing the system to dynamically create a newly
redirected folder for each user to whom the policy object
applies.
26. What different modes in windows 2003 (Mixed, native &
intrim.etc)
Different Active Directory features are available at different
functional levels. Raising domain and forest functional levels is
required to enable certain new features as domain controllers are
upgraded from WindowsNT4.0 and Windows2000 to Windows
Server2003
Domain Functional Levels: Windows 2000 Mixed mode, Windows 2000
Native mode, Windows server 2003 and Windows server 2003 interim (
Only available when upgrades directly from Windows NT 4.0 to
Windows 2003)
Forest Functional Levels: Windows 2000 and Windows 2003
27. IPSec usage and difference windows 2000 & 2003.Microsoft
doesnt recommend Internet Protocol security (IPSec) network address
translation (NAT) traversal (NAT-T) for Windows deployments that
include VPN servers and that are located behind network address
translators. When a server is behind a network address translator,
and the server uses IPSec NAT-T, unintended side effects may occur
because of the way that network address translators translate
network traffic
If you put a server behind a network address translator, you may
experience connection problems because clients that connect to the
server over the Internet require a public IP address. To reach
servers that are located behind network address translators from
the Internet, static mappings must be configured on the network
address translator. For example, to reach a Windows Server
2003-based computer that is behind a network address translator
from the Internet, configure the network address translator with
the following static network address translator mappings:
Public IP address/UDP port 500 to the server's private IP
address/UDP port 500.
Public IP address/UDP port 4500 to the server's private IP
address/UDP port 4500.
These mappings are required so that all Internet Key Exchange
(IKE) and IPSec NAT-T traffic that is sent to the public address of
the network address translator is automatically translated and
forwarded to the Windows Server 2003-based computer
28. How to create application partition windows 2003 and its
usage?
An application directory partition is a directory partition that
is replicated only to specific domain controllers. A domain
controller that participates in the replication of a particular
application directory partition hosts a replica of that partition.
Only domain controllers running Windows Server2003 can host a
replica of an application directory partition.
Applications and services can use application directory
partitions to store application-specific data. Application
directory partitions can contain any type of object, except
security principals. TAPI is an example of a service that stores
its application-specific data in an application directory
partition.
Application directory partitions are usually created by the
applications that will use them to store and replicate data. For
testing and troubleshooting purposes, members of the Enterprise
Admins group can manually create or manage application directory
partitions using the Ntdsutil command-line tool.
29. Is it possible to do implicit transitive forest to forest
trust relation ship in windows 2003?
Implicit Transitive trust will not be possible in windows 2003.
Between forests we can create explicit trust
Two-way trust
One-way: incoming
One-way: Outgoing
30. What is universal group membership cache in windows
2003?Information is stored locally once this option is enabled and
a user attempts to log on for the first time. The domain controller
obtains the universal group membership for that user from a global
catalog. Once the universal group membership information is
obtained, it is cached on the domain controller for that site
indefinitely and is periodically refreshed. The next time that user
attempts to log on, the authenticating domain controller running
Windows Server2003 will obtain the universal group membership
information from its local cache without the need to contact a
global catalog.
By default, the universal group membership information contained
in the cache of each domain controller will be refreshed every 8
hours.
31. GPMC & RSOP in windows 2003?
GPMC is tool which will be used for managing group policies and
will display information like how many policies applied, on which
OUs the policies applied, What are the settings enabled in each
policy, Who are the users effecting by these polices, who is
managing these policies. GPMC will display all the above
information.
RSoP provides details about all policy settings that are
configured by an Administrator, including Administrative Templates,
Folder Redirection, Internet Explorer Maintenance, Security
Settings, Scripts, and Group Policy Software Installation.
When policies are applied on multiple levels (for example, site,
domain, domain controller, and organizational unit), the results
can conflict. RSoP can help you determine a set of applied policies
and their precedence (the order in which policies are applied).
32. Assign & Publish the applications in GP & how?
Through Group policy you can Assign and publish the applications
by creating .msi package for that application
With Assign option you can apply policy for both user and
computer. If it is applied to computer then the policy will apply
to user who logs on to that computer. If it is applied on user it
will apply where ever he logs on to the domain. It will be appear
in Start menuPrograms. Once user click the shortcut or open any
document having that extension then the application install into
the local machine. If any application program files missing it will
automatically repair.
With Publish option you can apply only on users. It will not
install automatically when any application program files are
corrupted or deleted.
33. DFS in windows 2003?
Refer Question 17 on level 2
34. How to use recovery console?
The Windows2000 Recovery Console is a command-line console that
you can start from the Windows2000 Setup program. Using the
Recovery Console, you can start and stop services, format drives,
read and write data on a local drive (including drives formatted to
use NTFS), and perform many other administrative tasks. The
Recovery Console is particularly useful if you need to repair your
system by copying a file from a floppy disk or CD-ROM to your hard
drive, or if you need to reconfigure a service that is preventing
your computer from starting properly. Because the Recovery Console
is quite powerful, it should only be used by advanced users who
have a thorough knowledge of Windows2000. In addition, you must be
an administrator to use the Recovery Console.
There are two ways to start the Recovery Console:
If you are unable to start your computer, you can run the
Recovery Console from your Windows2000 Setup disks or from the
Windows2000 Professional CD (if you can start your computer from
your CD-ROM drive).
As an alternative, you can install the Recovery Console on your
computer to make it available in case you are unable to restart
Windows2000. You can then select the Recovery Console option from
the list of available operating systems35. PPTP protocol for VPN in
windows 2003?
Point-to-Point-Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a networking
technology that supports multiprotocol virtual private networks
(VPN), enableing remote users to access corporate networks securely
across the Microsoft Windows NT Workstation, Windows 95, and
Windows 98 operating systems and other point-to-point protocol
(PPP)-enabled systems to dial into a local Internet service
provider to connect securely to their corporate network through the
Internet
Netdom.exe is domain management tool to rename domain
controller
level
What are the services installed when RIS is installed. Read
about RIS? How to trouble shoot if a DHCP client wont get IP from
DHCP Server?
What the diff is between publish and assign?
What is tombstone and what is the period of tombstone?
What is online and offline fragmentations?
Garbage collections and white spaces?
Authoritative and non auth restore?
Tell me one example when Infrastructure master and Global
catalog will be on one DC, what is the issue if both resides on
same system?
When you require a Infrastructure Master? What are Windows 2003
modes?
What are FSMO roles and explain then?
Stress on PDC emulator?
2003 advantages?
About migration?(W2k to W2k3 and NT to W2k3)? Question on System
State data Backup?
Diff types of DNS roles and Zones?
What are the steps you follow when you are promoting a server as
ADC in windows 2003?
What are the two parameters you run before upgrading the server
to an ADC (/forestprep, /domainprep)? What is the authentication
process?
What is the role of GC in authentication process?
What happens if DNS server fails? Can a user is able to login if
the DNS server fails (if you have only one DNS Server)? How do you
promote a server to a domain controller (in windows 2003) over a
slow wan links.
A) Take the backup of system state from the DC and restore it in
the server where you are promoting using dcpromo /adv and select
restore from backup.
Features of windows2003
Automated System Recovery (ASR) provides a facility to get
Windows Server 2003 systems back up and running quickly after a
failure occurs.
Internet Information Service 6.0 (By default will not
install)
Highly secured and locked down by default, new architectural
model that includes features such as process isolation and a met
abase stored in XML format.
Saved Queries: Active Directory Users and Computers now includes
a new node named Saved Queries, which allows an administrator to
create a number of predefined queries that are saved for future
access.
Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is a new a new tool for
managing Group Policy in Windows Server 2003. While Group
Policyrelated elements have typically been found across a range of
toolssuch as Active Directory Users And Computers, the Group Policy
MMC snap-in, and othersGPMC acts as a single consolidated
environment for carrying out Group Policyrelated tasks.
RSoP tool, the administrator could generate a query that would
process all the applicable Group Policy settings for that user for
the local computer or another computer on the network. After
processing the query, RSoP would present the exact Group Policy
settings that apply to that user, as well as the source Group
Policy object that was responsible for the setting.
Remote Desktop: In Windows Server 2003, Terminal Services Remote
Administration mode is known as Remote Desktop. Remote Desktop
connections are enabled via the Remote tab in the System applet in
Control Panel. When connecting to a terminal server using an RDP
5.1 client, many of the local resources are available within the
remote session, including the client file system, smart cards,
audio (output), serial ports, printers (including network), and the
clipboard.
Cross-Forest Trust Relationships : Windows Server 2003 supports
cross-forest transitive trust relationships to allow users in one
forest to access resources in any domain in another, and vice
versa.
Domain Renaming & Domain Controller renaming is
possible.
Universal Group Membership Caching: Windows Server 2003
introduces a new feature aimed at reducing the need for global
catalog servers at all remote locations. Universal group membership
caching is a new feature that can be enabled on selected domain
controllers, making them capable of caching universal group
information locally without being a full-fledged global catalog
server.
Volume shadow copies of shared folders feature makes
point-in-time backups of user data to ensure that previous versions
are easily accessible in cases where a user has accidentally
deleted a file.
Application Directory Partitions: Active Directory forest has a
copy of the schema partition, which defines the object types that
can be created, and their associated properties. Similarly, all
domain controllers in the forest hold a copy of the configuration
partition, which holds information about sites and services. Within
a domain, all domain controllers hold a copy of the domain
partition, which includes information about the objects within that
particular domain only.
Application directory partition. This new partition is unique in
that it allows directory information to be replicated to certain
domain controllers only, on an as-necessary basis. Specifically
designed for directory-enabled applications and services,
application directory partitions can contain any type of object,
with the exception of security principals such as users, computers,
or security group accounts.
Distributed File System: DFS is enhanced for Windows Server
2003, Enterprise Edition and Windows Server, Datacenter Edition by
allowing multiple DFS roots on a single server. You can use this
feature to host multiple DFS roots on a single server, reducing
administrative and hardware costs of managing multiple namespaces
and multiple replicated namespaces.
Improvements in Clustering:
In Datacenter Edition, the maximum supported cluster size has
been increased from 4-nodes in Windows 2000, to 8-nodes in Windows
Server 2003.
In Enterprise Edition, the maximum supported cluster size has
been increased from 2-nodes in Windows 2000 Advanced Server to
8-nodes in Windows Server 2003.
Server clusters running Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition
or Datacenter Edition integrate with the Microsoft Active Directory
service.
This integration ensures that a "virtual" computer object is
registered in Active Directory. This allows applications to use
Kerberos authentication and delegation to highly available services
running in a cluster. The computer object also provides a default
location for Active Directory-aware services to publish service
control points.
Server clusters are fully supported on computers running the
64-bit versions of Windows Server 2003. Windows Server 2003
supports Encrypting File System (EFS) on clustered (shared)
disks.
RIS server supports to deploy all editions of Windows 2000,
Windows XP Professional, and all editions of Windows Server 2003
(except Windows 2000 Datacenter Server and Windows Server 2003,
Datacenter Edition.) In addition, administrators can use RIS
servers using Risetup to deploy Windows XP 64-bit Edition and the
64-bit versions of Windows Server 2003.
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) : Windows Server
2003 delivers a native PPPoE driver for making broadband
connections to certain Internet service providers (ISPs) without
the need for additional software.
Small businesses or corporate branch offices may also utilize
PPPoE's demand dial capabilities to integrate with the Routing and
Remote Access service and NAT.
Internet Connection Firewall (ICF): ICF, designed for use in a
small business, provides basic protection on computers directly
connected to the Internet or on local area network (LAN) segments.
ICF is available for LAN, dial-up, VPN, or PPPoE connections. ICF
integrates with ICS or with the Routing and Remote Access
service.
Open File Backup: The backup utility included with Windows
Server 2003 now supports "open file backup". In Windows 2000, files
had to be closed before initiating backup operations. Backup now
uses shadow copies to ensure that any open files being accessed by
users are also backed up.(Need to modify some registry keys)
Stub Zones: This is introduced in windows 2003 DNS. A stub zone
is like a secondary zone in that it obtains its resource records
from other name servers (one or more master name servers). A stub
zone is also read-only like a secondary zone, so administrators
can't manually add, remove, or modify resource records on it.
First, while secondary zones contain copies of all the resource
records in the corresponding zone on the master name server, stub
zones contain only three kinds of resource records:
a. A copy of the SOA record for the zone.
b. Copies of NS records for all name servers authoritative for
the zone.
c. Copies of (glue)A records for all name servers authoritative
for the zone.
That's it--no CNAME records, MX records, SRV records, or A
records for other hosts in the zone. So while a secondary zone can
be quite large for a big company's network, a stub zone is always
very small, just a few records. This means replicating zone
information from master to stub zone adds almost nil DNS traffic to
your network as the records for name servers rarely change unless
you decommission an old name server or deploy a new one.
Difference between NT & 2000
Windows NT SAM database is a flat database. And windows 2000
active directory database is a hierarchical database.
In Windows NT only PDC is having writable copy of SAM database
but the BDC is only having read only database. In case of Windows
2000 both DC and ADC is having write copy of the database.
Windows NT will not support FAT32 file system. Windows 2000
supports FAT32.
Default authentication protocol in NT is NTLM (NT LAN manager).
In windows 2000 default authentication protocol is Kerberos V5.
Features introduced in windows 2000, those are not in Windows
NT.
NTFS v5 supports Disk quotas.
Remote Installation Service
Built in VPN & NAT support
IPv6 supports.
USB support.
Distributed File System.
Clustering support.
ICS (Internet Connection Sharing)
Difference between PDC & BDC
PDC contains a write copy of SAM database where as BDC contains
read only copy of SAM database. It is not possible to reset a
password with out PDC in Windows NT. But both can participate in
the user authentication. If PDC fails, we have to manually promote
BDC to PDC from server manger.
Difference between DC & ADC.
There is no difference between in DC and ADC both contains write
copy of AD. Both can also handles FSMO roles (If transfers from DC
to ADC). Functionality wise there is no difference. ADC just
require for load balancing & redundancy. If two physical sites
are segregated with WAN link come under same domain, better to keep
one ADC in other site, and act as a main domain controller for that
site. This will reduce the WAN traffic and also user authentication
performance will increase.
What is DNS & WINS
DNS is a Domain Naming System/Server, use for resolve the Host
names to IP addresses and also do the IP address to host name. It
uses fully qualified domain names. DNS is a Internet standard used
to resolve host names. Support up to 256 characters.
WINS is a Windows Internet Name Service, which resolves Netbios
names to IP Address and also resolve the IP address to Netbios
names. This is proprietary of Microsoft and meant for windows only.
Support up to 15 characters.
If DHCP server is not available what happens to the client
First time client is trying to get IP address DHCP server, If
DHCP server is not found. Client will get the class C -IP address
from APIPA (Automatic Private I P Address) range
192.168.0.1-254.
If client already got the IP and having lease duration it use
the IP till the lease duration expires.
What are the different types of trust relationships
Implicit Trusts ----- Establish trust relationship
automatically.
Explicit Trusts ----- We have to build manually trust
relationship .NT to Win2k or
Forest to Forest
Transitive ----- If A ( B ( C then A( C
Non-Transitive ----- If A ( B ( C then A is not trusting C
One way ----- One side
Two way ----- two sides
Windows Server 2003 Active Directory supports the following
types of trust relationships:
Tree-root trust: Tree-root trust relationships are automatically
established when you add a new tree root domain to an existing
forest. This trust relationship is transitive and two-way.
Parent-child trust: Parent-child trust relationships are
automatically established when you add a new child domain to an
existing tree. This trust relationship is also transitive and
two-way.
Shortcut trust Shortcut trusts are trust relationships that are
manually created by systems administrators. These trusts can be
defined between any two domains in a forest, generally for the
purpose of improving user logon and resource access performance.
Shortcut trusts can be especially useful in situations where users
in one domain often need to access resources in another, but a long
path of transitive trusts separates the two domains. Often referred
to as cross-link trusts, shortcut trust relationships are
transitive and can be configured as one-way or two-way as needs
dictate.
Realm trust Realm trusts are manually created by systems
administrators between a nonWindows Kerberos realm and a Windows
Server 2003 Active Directory domain. This type of trust
relationship provides cross-platform interoperability with security
services in any Kerberos version 5 realm, such as a UNIX
implementation. Realm trusts can be either transitive or
non-transitive, and one-way or two-way as needs dictate.
External trust External trusts are manually created by systems
administrators between Active Directory domains that are in
different forests, or between a Windows Server 2003 Active
Directory domain and a Windows NT 4.0 domain. These trust
relationships provide backward compatibility with Windows NT 4.0
environments, and communication with domains located in other
forests that are not con-figured to use forest trusts. External
trusts are nontransitive and can be configured as either one-way or
two-way as needs dictate.
Forest trust Forest trusts are trust relationships that are
manually created by systems administrators between forest root
domains in two separate forests. If a forest trust relationship is
two-way, it effectively allows authentication requests from users
in one forest to reach another, and for users in either forest to
access resources in both. Forest trust relationships are transitive
between two forests only and can be configured as either one-way or
two-way as needs dictate.
By default implicit two way transitive trust relationships
establish between all domains in the windows 2000/2003 forest.
What is the process of DHCP for getting the IP address to the
client?
Discover ----- Client broadcast the packets to find the DHCP
server
Offer ----- Server offers
Request for IP address ---- Client request for IP address to the
offered server.
Acknowledge ----- Server sends the Acknowledgement to the
client
NACK -------- If client not get the IP address after server
given offer, then Server sends the Negative Acknowledgement.
DHCPServer uses port no.: 67
DHCPClient uses port no.: 68
Difference between FAT, NTFS, NTFSver5 & NTFS ver6?
What are the port numbers for FTP, Telnet, HTTP, DNS? What are
the different types of profiles in 2000? What is the database files
used for Active Directory? What is the location of AD DATABASE?
What is the authentication protocol used in NT? What is sub
netting and super netting? What is the use of terminal services?
What is the protocol used for terminal services? What is the port
number for RDP?Medium Level
What is the difference between Authorized DHCP and Non
Authorized DHCP? Difference between inter-site and intra-site
replication. Protocols using for replication? How to monitor
replication? Brief explanation of RAID Levels? What are the
different backup strategies are available? What is a global
catalog? What is Active Directory and what is the use of it? What
is the physical and logical structure of AD? What is the process of
user authentication (Kerberos V5) in windows 2000? What are the
port numbers for Kerberos, LDAP and Global catalog? What is the use
of LDAP (X.500 standard)? What are the problems that are generally
come across DHCP? What is the role responsible for time
synchronization? What is TTL & how to set TTL time in DNS? How
to take DNS and WINS Backup? What is recovery console? What is DFS
& its usage? What is RIS and what are its requirements? How
many root replicas can be created in DFS? What is the difference
between Domain DFS and Standalone DFS?High Level
Can we establish trust relationship between two forests? What is
FSMO ROLES? Brief all the FSMO Roles? How to manually configure
FSMO Roles to separate DCs? What is the difference between
authoritative and non-authoritative restore? What is Active
Directory De-fragmentation? Difference between online and offline
de-fragmentation
What is tombstone period? What is white space and Garbage
Collection? What are the monitoring tools used for Server and
Network Heath. How to define alert mechanism? How to deploy the
patches and what are the softwares used for this process? What is
Clustering? Briefly define & explain it? How to configure SNMP?
Is it possible to rename the Domain name & how?
What is SOA Record? What is a Stub zone and what is the use of
it? What are the different types of partitions present in AD? What
are the (two) services required for replication? Can we use a Linux
DNS Sever in 2000 Domain? What is the difference between IIS
Version 5 and IIS Version 6?
What is ASR (Automated System Recovery) and how to implement it?
What are the different levels that we can apply Group Policy? What
is Domain Policy, Domain controller policy, Local policy and Group
Policy? What is the use of SYSVOL FOLDER? What is folder
redirection?
What different modes in windows 2003 (Mixed, native &
interim.etc)? IPSec usage and difference window 2000 & 2003?
How to create application partition windows 2003 and its usage?
Is it possible to do implicit transitive forest to forest trust
relation ship in windows 2003?
What is universal group membership cache in windows 2003?
GPMC & RSOP in windows 2003?
Assign & Publish the applications in GP & how?
DFS in windows 2003?
How to use recovery console?
PPEP protocol for VPN in windows 2003?
NTDS.DIT ------ New Technology Directory Services. Directory
Information Tree
After installing the Domain controller, to know the function of
DC...
Dcpromo.log c:\windows\system32\dcpromp
Dcdiag, Netdiag, Rename the domains, Rendom, Netdom
AAAA records use for IPv6 as A record
Responsible record in DNS ---- for know the responsible for
person.
SYSVOL Consistency Considerations
SYSVOL is a file system folder that stores files that must be
available and synchronized among all domain controllers. SYSVOL
contains the NETLOGON share, Group Policy settings, and File
Replication service (FRS) staging directories and files. SYSVOL is
required for Active Directory to function properly.
SYSVOL is replicated by the File Replication service (FRS). FRS
has a fixed tombstone lifetime of 60 days. Because you cannot
change this interval, any domain controller that is disconnected
for more than 60 days potentially has an outdated SYSVOL. Updating
SYSVOL requires performing a non-authoritative restore of
SYSVOL.
In addition, SYSVOL replication cannot be synchronized manually.
For this reason, ensuring that SYSVOL is updated prior to
disconnecting the domain controller is more difficult than simply
updating SYSVOL when the domain controller is reconnected.
Regardless of the length of the disconnection, to
ensure that SYSVOL is synchronized when the domain controller is
reconnected, prepare the domain controller to perform a
non-authoritative restore of SYSVOL prior to disconnecting it. When
it restarts, non-authoritative restore of SYSVOL occurs
automatically. For information about performing non-authoritative
restore of SYSVOL, see Restoring and Rebuilding SYSVOL earlier in
this guide.
What are the RIS SERVICES?
How to trouble shoot if a DHCP client wont get IP from DHCP
Server?
What the diff is between publish and assign?
What is tombstone period?
What is online and offline fragmentations?
Garbage collections and white spaces?
Authoritative and non auth restore?
Tell me one example when Infrastructure master and Global
catalog will be on one DC, what is the issue if both resides on
same system?
2003 modes?
FSMO roles?
Stress on PDC emulator?
2003 advantages?
About migration?(W2k to W2k3 and NT to W2k3)? Question on System
State data Backup?
Diff types of DNS roles and Zones?
What is Bridge Head Server?
Crisis Management?
Mail flow in Exchange Server? DMZ concept in Firewalls? Is NAT
uses Port Number if so what is the Port number?
Difference between Schema Master and Global Catlog?
Difference between Incremental and Differential Backup? Which is
best backup Microsoft has recommended?
How DNS and DHCP are integrated?
If RID master fails what happens?
Tool used for FSMO?
Difference between Assigning and Publishing through Group
Policy?
What is the difference between windows 2003 DFS & windows
2000 DFS?
Compaq Insight Manager Version?
What are the Classes in Windows 2003 Active directory?
What is the tool to delete lingering objects in windows
2003?
Through Compaq Insight Manager can we delete/create Raid?
What is the difference between ILO & rilo?
How to authenticate two windows 2003 forests?
Windows 2003 Features?
SUS implementation steps?
How to install dual booting in windows 2003 server?
I have a medium organization? I want to put multiple forests?
What are the factors?
I have deleted one user. Deleted user having some permissions. I
want to create the same user name & same password. Will the
permissions remain same & what is the SID status?
Where the roaming profile is exists?
What does u can do with Group policy?
What is server hardening?
What is the SUS version u r using?
There is on Scenario. I have one DHCP server and the IP
addresses are configured as static. And I want to get rid of the
server. How do I create a new server with same configuration as
old?
How does u transfer Schema master?
How do get Schema Snap in MMC? What u will do if wont get schema
snaps in MMC?
What are the enhancement advantages of GC in 2003?
If u change the password in the client, how much times will it
takes too update the password in the domain controller?
What r the modes in Terminal Server in windows 2003?
What is the difference between windows 2003 DFS & windows
2000 DFS?
Compaq Insight Manager Version?
What are the Classes in Windows 2003 Active directory?
What is the tool to delete lingering objects in windows
2003?
Through Compaq Insight Manager can we delete/create Raid?
What is the difference between ILO & rilo?
How to authenticate two windows 2003 forests?
Windows 2003 Features?
SUS implementation steps?
How to install dual booting in windows 2003 server?
I have a medium organization? I want to put multiple forests?
What are the factors?
I have deleted one user. Deleted user having some permissions. I
want to create the same user name & same password. Will the
permissions remain same & what is the SID status?
Where the roaming profile is exists?
What does u can do with Group policy?
What is server hardening?
What is the SUS version u r using?
There is on Scenario. I have one DHCP server and the IP address
is configured as static. And I want to get rid of the server. How
do I create a new server with same configuration as old?
How does u transfer Schema master?
How do get Schema Snap in MMC? What u will do if wont get schema
snaps in MMC?
What are the enhancement advantages of GC in 2003?
If u change the password in the client, how much times will it
takes too update the password in the domain controller?
What r the modes in Terminal Server in windows 2003?
How to find SAM Database in Windows 2000
I have a problem of finding Security Accounts Manager (SAM)
database in windows 2000.
I think it should be in c:\winnt\system32 folder
But I want to know the exact file name of SAM Database.
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windows2000serv/reskit/distrib/dsbg_dat_udnu.mspx?mfr=trueWindows
questioner
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