All about Turkey

7/29/2019 All about Turkey

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LOCATIONTurkey is located in Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia. The

part of Turkey west of Bosphorus is officially and geographically part ofEurope. Its neighboring countries include Greece, Syria, Iraq, Iran,

Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria and Azerbaijan.


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GEOGRAPHY

Turkey's land mass is 714,815 sq km.with 97 % in Asiaand 3 % in Europe. The Asian and European sides aredivided by the Istanbul Boazi (Bosphorus), the Seaof Marmara and the anakkale Boazi (Dardanelles).Turkey is surrounded by three seas. TheMediterranean to the south, the Black Sea to thenorth and the Aegean to the west. Its coastline totals

almost 8400 km.


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Turkey is a high and mountainous country. Mountains

cover large areas. On the other hand Turkey also has many

flat plains.

The Great Agri Mountain (5,137m), located in the Eastern

Anatolia Region, is the highest mountain in Turkey.

Turkey has many rivers and streams. All rivers are emptiedinto the surrounding seas of Turkey. The Euphrates and

Tigris Rivers, the main river in the Eastern and

Southeastern Anatolia, flow into the Persian Gulf. The

longest river inside the boundaries of Turkey is the

Kizilirmak, with a length of 1,355km long.

The total area of Turkeys lakes is approximately 9200km.

Eastern Anatolia has the most lakes in Turkey including

Lake Van, Turkeys largest lake (3,713km).


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CLIMATE


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Mediterranean Coastal Regions:

Hot Summers and Mild Winters

Black Sea Coast:

Warm summers, Mild Winters,Rain

Central Anatolia:Hot, Dry Summers and Cold Winters

Eastern Anatolia:

Mild Summers, Snowy Winters

Southeastern Anatolia:

Hot Summers and Mild, Rainy Winters


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POPULATIONTurkey has 75.627 million inhabitants of whom 50.18% is male 49.81 % is female.

The Major cities are Istanbul, Ankara (the Capital), Izmir, Adana, Bursa andAntalya.

Because of urbanization, now approx. 70% of the populations live in the citieswhilst 30% live in rural areas.

82% of the population are Turks, 10.6% are Kurds, and the rest of the populationconsists of Arab, Greek (around 100k in Istanbul), Armenian, Jewish, Cherkessk,and other ethnic minorities. In addition, the country is the homeland of 3

million Turks living abroad, mostly in Germany.


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LANGUAGE

Turkish is the national language, which is neither Indo-European nor Semitic but belongs to the Ural-Altaic group.Turkish is written with Roman characters.

RELIGIONTurkey is the only secular Muslim country amongst all theMuslim countries in the world.99 % of the Turkishpopulation is Muslim. However, Turkey is a secular stateand all religions can practice their beliefs freely. About 99.8are mostly Sunni Muslims while the other 0.2% are mostlyChristians and Jews.


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ISLAMThe word Islam means

peace, submission, and

obedience.

Muslims believe in:

One and only oneGod (Allah) believe

in. Prophet Muhammad

(570AD-632AD) is theMessenger of Allah.

Quran is the lastdivine book to allhumanity

The guidance of Islam iscomprehensive: It includes thesocial, economic, political, moral,

and spiritual aspects of life. Islam respect of human rights

include the right of life, justice,equality, ownership, and freedomof religion and speech.


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HISTORYTurkey boasts a fascinating history. Almost 10,000 years. 7500 BC theearliest known inhabitants were found at atalhyk. Hattis, Hittites,Phrygians, Urartians, Lycians, Lydians, Ionians, Persians, Macedonians,

Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks and Ottomans have all held very importantplaces in Turkish history.


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Ottoman Empire (1299 1923)From tiny principality to empire: The small frontier principalityfounded by Osman Bey in 1299 or 1300 in the environs of Stlin Eskiehirwould be a century and a half later the magnificentOttoman Empire, which lasted for 623 years.

Conquest of Istanbul: 1453

Ottoman capitals:

Bursa in 1326 Edirne in 1365 in 1453

The 16th century is the golden age of Ottoman history and cultureThe borders of the Empire extended from the Crimea in the Northto Yemen and Sudan in the South, and from Iran and The CaspianSea in the East to Vienna in the Northwest and Spain in the

Southwest.


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Mehmet the Conqueror

(1432 - 1481)

Conquered Byzantine

Constantinople in 1453 Istanbul became capital of

Ottoman.

Suleyman The

Magnificent

(1495 -1566)

Sponsored artists, religiousthinkers, and philosophers thatoutperformed the mosteducated courts of Europe.


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MUSTAFA KEMALATATRK (1881-1938)

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is

universally acknowledged as thefounding father of the modern stateof Turkey. He was also hiscountry's first President.

He was a visionary statesman and

a military leader par excellence.His surname, Ataturk, means the

ancestor of Turks. This name wasgiven to him by the first Turkishparliement for his accomplishments

and for his invaluable contributionsto the birth and modernization ofthe Turkish Republic.


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Turkey is democratic, secular and social state governed by the rule oflaw; based on the principle of the separation of powers; legislative

power, executive power, judicial power.

The current president is Abdullah Gl and the prime minister is Recep

Tayyip Erdoan .

The public is very important in the government because of making

votes and electing representatives.

People are allowed to vote by the age of 18.

Women in Turkey were given the right to vote and be elected to public

office in 1934,well before these rights were granted to Swiss women.

Although the majority of Turkeys population is Muslim, it is a secular

state, meaning religion is kept apart from the government. This made

peoples lives easier.

GOVERNMENT


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POLITICS Turkeys independence day is on 29th of

October, 1923.

Motto is "Sovereignty belongs to theNation" and Peace at home, peace in the

World.

The Turkish Republic is a democratic,pluralist and parliamentary system. Turkeybelongs to UN (1945), NATO, OECD(1961), ECO (1945), D-8 (1997), G-20

(1999), The Council of Europe (1949)

Turkey began full membershipnegotiations with the European Union in2005, having been an associate member of

the EEC since 1963, and having joined theEU Customs Union in 1995.


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ECONOMY Turkey is the worlds 15th largest economy by list of GDP ($1.288

Trillion)

Istanbul, Turkey's financial capital, had a total of 28 billionaires as of2010, ranking 4th in the world behind New York City (60billionaires), Moscow (50 billionaires), and London (32 billionaires)

Turkey is one of the world's newly industrialized countries.

According to data of 2012 unemployment is 7.7% in Turkey.

Turkey is among the world's leading producers of agricultural products;textiles; motor vehicles, ships and other transportation equipment;construction materials; consumer electronics and home appliances. Inrecent years, Turkey had a rapidly growing private sector, yet the statestill plays a major role in industry, banking, transport,

and communications. Main imports; machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels,

transport equipment

Main exports; apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures,transport equipment


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SOME FACTS

Turkey is one of the few countries in the world that is agriculturally self-sufficient.

Turkey provides 70 % of the worlds hazelnuts.

Cherry was first introduced to Europe from Giresun (Northern Turkey).

Turkey is one of the richest countries in the world with Boron minerals.

There are approximately 9,000 species of flowers in Turkey, out of

which 3,000 are native. The average life expectancy is just over 73 years.

The first church built by man (St. Peters Church) is in Antioch

(Antakya), Turkey.

Writing was first used by people in ancient Anatolia.

The famous Trojan Wars took place in Western Turkey, around the sitewhere the Trojan horse rests today.

Noahs Ark landed on Mount Ararat (5.166 m), which is located inEastern Turkey.


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EDUCATIONPre-primary education:

It includes the optional education of children between 36-72 month

Primary Education:

Eight years (6-14 age-group) Compulsory for all citizens

Secondary Education:

Three years (general and vocational-technical high schools)

Primary and secondary education is free of charge in public schools.


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HIGHER EDUCATION Universities

Faculties

Institutes

Higher education schools Vocational higher education schools

Conservatories

Application and research centers

stanbul University (1453) Istanbul Technical University(1773)

Bosphorus University (1863)

Middle-East Tech. Univesity (1956)

Sakarya University(1970)

Bilkent University (1984)

There are around 820 higher educationinstitutions including universities with atotal student enrollment of over 1 million.

HIGHER EDUCATION


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HIGHER EDUCATION

FAMILY


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FAMILY Large families Very strong relationships between

family members, relatives andneighbors

Senior citizens live with theirchildren.

The average age for marriage is24 for women and 26 for men.

Traditional wedding celebrations

last three days Divorce rate is 6%; lowest in Europe.


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CULTURE The culture of Turkey combines from the Byzantine, Ottoman, European, Middle

Eastern and Central Asian traditions. The Ottoman system was a multi-ethnic statethat enabled people within it not to mix with each other.

The people of Turkey is very courteous and honest. In difficult situations the localswill always help. If you ever talk to a Turkish person you should never hurry. Like allthe other eastern peoples, according to the western norms, the Turks are quite laidback and not very punctual. If you are trying to do a business agreement you shouldagree on price ahead of time.

The population of Turkey pays special attention to etiquette. They are very

considerate towards people who respect traditions of Turkey or at least know a fewwords in Turkish. In the latter case virtually all the doors will be open for you.

Come come again whoever you are


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MEVLANA

(RUMI)

(1207 - 1273)

Come, come again, whoever you are,

come! Heathen, fire worshipper or

idolatrous, come!

Come even if you broke your penitence

a hundred times, Ours is the portal of

hope, come as you are.

Mevlana who is also known as Rumi,was a philosopher and mystic of Islam.

His doctrine advocates unlimited

tolerance, positive reasoning, goodness,charity and awareness through love. Tohim and to his disciples all religions aremore or less truth. Looking with thesame eye on Muslim, Jew and Christianalike, his peaceful and tolerant teaching

has appealed to men of all sects andcreeds.

Love whether of this kind or that kind,shall ultimately guide us to the king.

The Mevlevi or Mevleviye is the most renowned Sufi order which was founded by


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The Mevlevi or Mevleviye is the most renowned Sufi order, which was founded byMevlana Rumi in 1273 and most of the whirling Dervishes in Turkey come from thisfaith.

A Dervish is a Muslim religious man who is undergoing an apprenticeship of learning

the profession that will bestow him with eternal livelihood.

Whirling is one of the various methods, which is used by the Sufis (Islamic ascetics)to get closer to their revered Allah (God).

Whirling Dervishes perform near the Mevlevi Museum in Konya in the annual

Mevlana festival - the largest festival in Turkey.


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Symbolizing Turkish living is by the Turkish Baths (Hamam). They return back to historictime where people went to public Turkish Baths because of cleanliness upon the religionIslam. They are built all around the country.

Turks are very generous and kind people. Hospitality exists in their blood. They alwaysmake you feel comfortable, whether you are foreign or not. Sometime they offer tourists

coffee and sometimes invited to Turkish homes to spend some time meeting each other.


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This is a distinctive item youshould take back home as a

souvenir. It is a little stone thatprotects you from the EvilEye. It means that it protectsyou from people who talkabout you


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Turkish cuisine is largely the heritage


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Turkish cuisine varies across the country.

The cooking of Istanbul, Bursa, Izmir, andrest of the Aegean region inherits manyelements of Ottoman court cuisine and awider use of seafoods. The cuisine ofthe Black Sea Region uses fish extensively,especially the Black Sea anchovy (hamsi),

has been influencedby Balkan and Slavic cuisine.The cuisine ofthe southeast, Urfa,Gaziantep and Adana,isfamous for its kebabs, mezes and dough-based desserts such as baklava, kadayf

and knefe (kanafeh).

Turkish cuisine is largely the heritageof Ottoman cuisine. Turkish cuisine hasinfluenced those and other neighbouringcuisines, including those of westernEurope.


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TURKISH DELIGHT (LOKUM)The sweet as it is known today was

invented by Bekir Effendi, who movedfrom his hometown Kastamonu toIstanbul and opened his confectioneryshop in 1776. Lokum was introducedto Western Europe in the 19th

century.One of Turkey's most famous exports,lokum comes in many flavours andnot only the rose, lemon and pistachiovarieties which are common

elsewhere.It is often served with Turkish coffeeat the end of a meal.


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Turkish coffee or is the perfect way to finish


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p yoff a good meal.

When ordering you specify whether you wantit plain, with some sugar or very sweet and it

is brewed with the specified amount of sugarmixed in with the coffee granules.

It is served in small cups. It is quite an art toknow-when to stop drinking as one sip toomany and you will end up with a mouthful ofthe sludgy residue which falls to the bottomof the cup.

Even this has its uses, however, as you mayfind a local willing to tell your fortune from it -

cover your cup with the saucer, wait until itbecomes cold when you will be asked to turnit upside down, turn it around several timesand then your destiny will be divined from theshapes which are formed.


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Usually Turkish tea or gay isbrewed in a sort of combined

kettle/ tea pot which is placeddirectly on the hob and has waterboiling in the bottom section andtea brewing in the top so it canbe made weaker or stronger asrequired.

It is drunk from small tulip-shapedglasses, always black and usuallywith plenty of sugar.

Unless you specifically ask forTurkish tea, hotels will assumeyou want English tea and oftenpresent you with a cup of boilingwater and a tea bag on the side.


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Turkey also has a magnificent past, and is a land full of historictreasures from 13 successive civilizations spanning 10,000years.

Even if you spend only a short time in Turkey, you can see a lotof this great heritage.

Turkey lies on the ruins of many civilizations includingHittites,Trojans,Greeks,Romans,ByzantineEmpire,Seljuks andOttomans.

You can feel this wealth of history everywhere you go inTurkey.

Turkish culture is an immense mixture partly produced by therich history.
http://www.turkeyforyou.com/turkey_anatolia_history_byzantine_empirehttp://www.turkeyforyou.com/turkey_anatolia_history_byzantine_empire


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Anitkabir is the mausoleum, a monumental tomb of Mustafa Kemal Atatrk.


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Bosphorus is anatural straitconnecting the BlackSea to the Sea of

Marmara, thus being avery strategicwaterway.


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Topkapi Palace was the primary residence of the Ottoman Sultans forapproximately 400 years. (1465-1856) You can visit to history of Ottomon withfour courtyards, the harem,the weapon collection and the council hall, kitchensand the porcelain collection, costumes, treasury and clock collecton, the sacred

relics, portraits of the sultans


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The tower was built by the Genoese in 1348, during their occupation of the area, primarily toprevent attacks. Originally known as the Tower of Christ.


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p g y

It stood above the fortification surrounding the Genoese city-state. There is a spiral rockstaircase which ascends to the top viewing platform, which today offers visitors spectacular

360 degree panorama of the entire city.

The tower was restored in 1967, and an elevator

was installed to offer a less tiring alternative

to the steep climb. There is also a restaurant

on the top floor.


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This tower, which dates back to 2500

ears ago, had a history identical toatanbul

's history, being an eyewitness towhatever the city has encountered.

Its history started in the antiquity, and itexisted throughout the Greek times toByzantine Empire, and from Ottoman

Empire until the present.


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Hagia Sophia or Holy Wisdom is the mother church of all Eastern Christians of theByzantine liturgical tradition both Orthodox and Greek Catholic

Church was consecrated in 360 AD At first it was known as the Great Church because it

was the largest at the time. Later it became known as Holy Wisdom, a name attributed to Christ by theologians of the4th century.


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In 1453, Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Turks and SultanMehmet II ordered the building to be converted into the Ayasofya Mosque.


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The slamic features such as the, the four minarets outside were added overthe course of its history under the Ottomans.

It remained as a mosque until 1935, when it was converted into a museum

by the Republic of Turkey.

Name ofBlue Mosque for the blue tiles adorningthe walls of its interior.


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It was built from 1609 to 1616, during the ruleof Ahmed I.


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17.Troy where the Trojan wars recounted in Iliad by Homeros of Smyrna were foughtis situated in a small village (Tevfikiye) of Dardanelle (anakkale).

The symbolic Wooden Horse erected at the site tomemorialize the historical significance of the place,


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stands as an invitation to a mystical, epical

and romantic journey through time.


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Ephesus is the site of a large glatiator graveyard.In ancient times Ephesus was the home of theTemple of Artemis, one of the Seven

Wonders of the World. (completed around 550 BC ).

Ephesus remains a sacred site for Christians due to its association with severalbiblical figures, including St. Paul, St. John the Evangelist and the Virgin Mary.


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biblical figures, including St. Paul, St. John the Evangelist and the Virgin Mary.

The town was again partially destroyed by an earthquake in 614.


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Artist Simon Kozhin Ephesus. Ruins Temple of Hadrian. Many important events surrounding the birth of Christianity occurred in Turkey.

St John, St Paul and St Peter ived and prayed in southern Anatolia. Tradition has it


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, p ythat St John brought Virgin Mary to Ephesus after the Crucifixion, where she spenther last days in a small stone house.It is a very popular pilgrimage site for Christianstoday.


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Papa Jean Paul II30.11.1979

in Virgin Maryhause

Papa 6. Paul

26.7.1967in Virgin Maryhause


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The monastery was founded inthe year 386. It was built in asteep cliff about 1,200 metres.

Legend has it that two priestsfound an miraculous icon of theVirgin Mary in a cave on themountain and decided toremain in order to establish themonastery.


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Pamukkale is an extraordinarynatural wonder. The mineral-rich waters rise from theground at a temperature of35C and tumble down themountain from a height of 100metres, forming a myriad of

pools.


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With the variety oflandscapes and geographicalregions, Turkey is a country


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regions, Turkey is a countrywhere you can do all sportsand activities you can

imagine. You can paraglide over the

Dead Sea, do scuba diving inAntalya, rafting in RiverCoruh, yachting in the blue

coastal line, hot airballooning in Cappadoccia,mountaineering in mount..

You can also play golf,explore caves, ski on the

mountains, visit hot springsand spas, enjoy the nationalparks, view the wild life ortravel the green plateous ofTurkey.


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Turkey is a paradise of sun, sea,mountains, and lakes that

offers the vacationer acomplete change from thestress and routine of everydaylife.


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Found on the junction of the eastern and western civilisations,


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jNemrut Dagi (Mount Nemrut) is one of the most astounding sites in Turkey.

In 62 BC, King ANTOCHUS Theos of Comagene built onthe mountain top a tomb-sanctuary flankedby huge statues (8-9 meters high)of himself, two lions, two eagles and variousGreek, Armenian and Iranian gods, such as Hercules, Zeus

Many of the monuments ond i f h


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Mount Nemrud are ruins of theimperial cult of Commagene.


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