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All About Permanent TeethByNaghman Zuberion Friday, April 13, 2012 at 10:48am
Maxillary Central Incisor (#8 And #9)
Lobes:
4 lobes
3 a!ial
mesial: mesial marginal ridge and mesial part o labial sura!e
distal: distal marginal ridge and distal part o the labial sura!e
labial: labial ridge "not #ery prominent$
1 lingual
lingual: !ingulum
Chronoloy:
%ruption o de!iduous: 10 months
%ruption o permanent: &'8 years
(al!i)!ation initiation: 3'4 months
Inter!roximal contacts: (And heihts o" contour)
mesial: in!isal 1*3
distal: +un!tion o in!isal 1*3 and middle 1*3
All !onta!ts are !entered a!iolingually
eihts o" contour:
Bu!!al * labial * a!ial: +un!tion o in!isal 1*3 and middle 1*3 "one sour!e !laims
(er#i!al 3rd$
lingual: !er#i!al 1*3
$mbrasures:
%mbrasures bet-een the t-o .a/ !entral in!isors is smaller than bet-een .a/
!entral and laterals
%oot:
ingle root single pulp !anal root is longer than !ro-n .ost liely tooth to
ha#e 1 root !anal
Fa!ial #ie-: pulp !hamber -ith 3 pulp horns !one'shaped -ith blunt ape/
pointing slightly distal
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5ingual #ie-: !one'shaped, tapers distally slightly
(ross'se!tional #ie-: "triangular$ mesial aspe!t longer
6ulp !a#ity is 7attened mesiodistally
&acial ' labial ' buccal:
utline is trape9oidal
5abial sura!e is smooth and !on#e/ in the !er#i!al 3rd
anatomi!al !ro-n is longer than -ide "also -ider at in!isal edge$
mesial outline is relati#ely straight or only slightly !on#e/
distal outline is more !on#e/ than mesial outline
in!isal outline is straight
mamelons present on ne-ly erupted teeth "rounded terminations o 3 labial
lobes$
mesioin!isal angle is a right angle istoin!isal angle is more rounded
(%; !ur#ed !on#e/ to-ard ape/
light de#elopmental depressions and ridges "distolabial and mesiolabial
depressions$
Linual:
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n!isal edge bise!ts the a!iolingual diameter on line -ith root !enter
>n!isal sura!e slopes to-ard the lingual
6oint o !on#e/ity is at !ingulum ? distal to it@s !enter
mesial and distal !onta!t points !entered labiolingually
mesioa!ial and distoa!ial line angles are more prominent than .5 and 5 line
angles
F is more rounded than .F
e#elopmental depressions and ridges seen on labial sura!e
.esial and distal marginal ridges are present
Maxillary Lateral Incisor (# And #*+)
Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: 11 months
eruption o permanent: 8' years
!al!i)!ation initiation: 10'12 months
Inter!roximal contacts:
.esial'distal !onta!t points
mesial: +un!tion o in!isal and middle 1*3
distal: middle 1*3
"Both are !entered a!io'lingually$
eihts o" contour:
a!ial: !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: !er#i!al 1*3
%oot:
single "similar to ma/ !entral in!isor$ 1 pulp !anal 1 !hamber pointed to-ard
distal 2 pulp horns
'root is as long or longer than the ma/ !entral in!isor and (%; is
!on#e/ to-ard ape/
!ross'se!tion o root: o#oid shape
oot is !one shaped and tapers api!ally ? root tip pointed and eCually as long as
!entral
$mbrasures:The incisal e"rasure "et#een Ma$ lat and canine is the
largest incisal e"rasure
,eneral:
%aries in for ore than any other tooth &e$ception 'rd olars(
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)e$* peg+shaped laterals, dens in dente, t#isted roots, etc-
Most fre.uently congenitally a"sent anterior tooth
imilar to ma/ !entral in!isor e/!ept smaller in dimensions, "e/!ept root length$,
.ore rounded, more pronoun!ed mesial = distal marginal ridges, lingual ossa is
deeper
"ne te/t states this tooth has the largest lingual fossa)
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utline is triangular
appears -ider than the mesial #ie-
istal aspe!t !ur#es more lingually than the mesial to !onorm to o!!lusal ar!h
shape
!er#i!al line !ur#ature is less than mesial "G 1mm less$
A de#elopmental groo#e may be present on the distal o !ro-n e/tending do-n
root
Incisal:
utline is o#oid
(ontour is more !on#e/ be!ause !ingulum is so mu!h bigger
(rest o the !ingulum is slightly distal to the !enter o the tooth
5 line angle is more rounded than .5 angle
Both o these line angles more rounded than the ma/ !entral in!isor
.esial and distal !onta!t areas are !entered labiolingually
>n!isal sura!e*edge is angled lingually
Mandibular Central Incisor (#-. And #-/)
Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: 8 months
eruption o permanent: H'& years
!al!i)!ation initiation: 3'4 months
Inter!roximal Contacts:
mesial'distal !onta!t points are at same le#els
mesial: in!isal 1*3
distal: in!isal 1*3
eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: !er#i!al 1*3
%oot:
ingle "#ery narro- mesiodistally$ !ur#es distally in some !ases "o#oid or round$
oot is longer than !ro-n length
Isually 1 pulp !anal "may ha#e 2 ' !alled Fa!ial and 5ingual pulp
!anals$
Broader F5 "than .$
oot may ha#e broad de#elopmental depression along its length "deeper on
distal than on mesial$
oot tapers api!ally near the middle 3rd
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,eneral:
/nly syetrical tooth in outh
1st su!!edaneous 2th to erupt
Sallest adult tooth Sallest M0 diension of any cro#n1
ets in +a- -ith root api!es a!ial and !ro-ns lingual
Jider F5 than .
Labial:
utline is trape9oidal
in!isal outline is straight "mamelons present -hen )rst erupt$
!ro-n appro/imately t-i!e as long as -ide
mesial and distal outlines are straight to the !onta!t point and then taper
"narro-$ to !er#i/
mesioin!isal and distoin!isal line angles are sharp "0K$
no de#elopmental depressions
labial sura!e is 7at in in!isal 1*3 and be!omes more !on#e/ !er#i!ally
Linual:
utline is trape9oidal
lightly !on!a#e in!isally but no distinct lingual fossa
.esial and distal marginal ridges are only minor ele#ations
(ingulum is mu!h less distin!t than in the ma/illary in!isors
no de#elopmental groo#es
Mesial:
utline is triangular
5abial outline is !on#e/, height o !ontour is !er#i!al 3rd
Incisal edge lies lingual to line "isecting the root
.esial (%; !ur#es in!isally about 1 mm more than on the distal
Broader labiolingually than mesiodistally
Upon wearing of the tooth, the incisal edge will angle to the facial.
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Incisal:
utline is o#oid
symmetry o tooth is ob#ious "mesial M and distal 12 are almost identi!al$
in!isal edge is at right angles to a line bise!ting the !ro-n labiolingually "in!isal
edge lies lingual to !enter o tooth$
tooth !on#erges lingually ? the . -idth o a!ial bigger than . -idth o lingual
!onta!t areas !entered F5'ly
Mandibular Lateral Incisor (#-0 And #-1)
Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: 13 months
eruption o permanent: &'8 years
!al!i)!ation initiation: 3'4 months
Inter!roximal contact !oints:
mesial: in!isal 1*3
distal: in!isal 1*3 "more !er#i!al$
eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: !er#i!al 1*3
%oot:
"o#oid or round$ 1 pulp !anal
similar to mand !entral in!isor but slightly larger
depression on the distal is deeper than on the mand !entral in!isor
,eneral:
Larger than central incisor"-ider !ro-n . than the !entral in!isor$
ll extra width appears to !e added to the distal aspect of
the tooth
5ong a/es are positioned -ith root api!es a!ially and !ro-ns lingually
5arger than the mandibular !entral in!isor
.ost liely "along -ith mand !entral$ o all in!isors to ha#e both mesial
and distal !on!a#ities
Labial:
incisal edge slopes do#n#ard distally
distal !ro-n height is oten shorter than the mesial !ro-n height
.esioin!isal angle is sharp "0K$
istoin!isal angle is rounded
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Linual:
5ingual aspe!ts mat!h the lingual sura!e o the mandibular !entral
in!isor
Mesial and istal:
utline is triangular
.esial and distal aspe!ts are Cuite similar
istal de#elopmental depression on the root is more mared than on the mesial
>n!isal edge is lingual to a line bise!ting the root
in!isal edge slopes labially
more o a!ial sura!e o tooth is #isible rom the distal due to lingual t#ist of
the distal part of the cro#n
rom the mesial, the distoin!isal tip is #isible
Incisal:
in!isal edge lingual to the !enter o the tooth
tooth is not symmetri!al: distal part o the !ro-n appears to be !ur#ed lingually
as i the distal part is t-isted on the root
F line angle is positioned more lingual
Maxillary Canine (#1 And #**)
Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: 1 months
eruption o permanent: 11'12 years
!al!i)!ation initiation: 4' months
Inter!roximal contact !oints:
mesial: +un!tion o in!isal 1*3 and middle 1*3
distal: middle 1*3
eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: !er#i!al 1*3
$mbrasures:
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5ingual #ie-: Narro-er than a!ial smooth and !on#e/ de#elopmental
depressions on the mesial and distal "more prominent on distal$
.esial #ie-: (oni!al broad F5 rom !er#i#!al line to "1*2 ? 2*3$ length, .esial
de#elopmental depression present !usp tip labial to root bise!t
istal #ie-: e)nite !on!a#ity bet-een !onta!t and !er#i!al line, (er#i!al line is
7atter than mesial@s but it !ur#es to-ards the in!isal edge distal marginal ridge
is hea#ier and more irregular in outline de#elopmental depression on root is
more pronoun!ed than mesial@s
(ross'se!tion: o#oid gets more o#oid as you get !loser to ape/ "ha#ing only one
pulp horn$
The a$illary canine is the tooth #ith the longest single root
!ornerstone o the ar!h
#ery important rom an estheti! and un!tional aspe!t
oten last remaining tooth in the ar!h
guide mandibular mo#ements
!anine eminen!e "bone under gums$ helps support the a!ial mus!ulature
long roots ? stable: support bridges, dentures, et!
thic2est 3L root
,eneral:
5arger than mandibular !anine
5ongest tooth in ar!h "2&O mm$
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Inter!roximal contact !oints: (heihts o" contour)
mesial: in!isal 1*3
distal: middle 1*3
eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: !er#i!al 1*3
%oot:
ingle root oten !ur#ed to mesial "typi!ally$
1 pulp horn mostly 1 pulp !anal, sometime has 2 sometimes biur!ated root
be!ause de#elopmental depression splits at api!al end
oot !ur#ature 'i present' is mesial "unusual$
'more prounou!ed distal root !on!a#ity than that on mesial
'root is shorter by 1'2 mm than ma/ !anine
!ross'se!tion: o#oid gets more o#oid as you get !loser to ape/ ' in !ross se!tion,
the root is 7attened in a mesiodistal dire!tion
Most li2ely anterior tooth to have 4 roots or 4 root canals5"ifurcation
,eneral:
(ompared to ma/ !anine: narro-er ., mesial = distal ridges are not as buly,
!usp height is shorter
more symmetri!al !ro-n than ma/ !anine
general shape -hen #ie-ed rom the a!ial or lingual aspe!t is a pentagon
F5 measurement is greater than . measurement
e#elops rom 4 lobes ? 3 labial "middle best de#eloped ? orming !usp$ and one
lingual
Labial ' &acial:
(usp height is 1* o !ro-n height, as opposed to 1*3 in ma/illa
(ro-n is narro-ed . than the ma/illary !anine ">s broader F5 though$
(ro-n is as long or longer in!isogingi#ally than ma/ !anine
.esial !usp arm is shorter than distal !usp arm
.esial outline is straight and in line -ith mesial outline o the root
istal outline is !on#e/ and o#erhangs the root "!ro-n appears bent distally on
root$
Linual:
imilar to ma/ !anine e/!ept not as pronoun!ed*de#eloped
5ingual aspe!t is relati#ely 7at = smooth
5ess de#eloped "relati#e to ma/illary$ !ingulum and mesial = distal marginal
ridges and mesiolingual = distolingual ossa
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(ro-n and root narro- lingually "Jedge shape, and mu!h sura!e !an be seen$
Mesial:
(er#i!al 1*3 narro-er "-here is base o !ro-n$, in!isal portion is thinner ".$,
labial is less !ur#ed than ma/ !anine "!ing et!$
5ingual outline is more !on!a#e than ma/ !anine due to less prominent !ingulum
(usp tip is lingual to line bise!ting root rom pro/imal #ie- "uh$
(ontinuous !on#e/ a!ial sura!e rom in!isal to api!al end, -hen #ie-ed rom
the pro/imal aspe!t
-hen #ie-ed rom the a pro/imal point, a line bise!ting the root -ill pass bu!!al
to the !usp tip
istal:
!ur#ature o (%; is less on distal than on mesial
distal de#elopmental depression is deeper than on mesial
Incisal:
labial outline is less !on#e/ and a!ial ridge is less de#eloped than ma/illary
!anine "does not bulge out as mu!h$
mesial and distal marginal ridges are less de#eloped than ma/ !anine ".arginal
ridges are lingual stru!tures$
(usp tip is slightly lingual
.esial !usp arm is in!lined slightly lingual
Mandibular
(ro-n is smaller
>n!isal margin 1* !ro-n length
5ingual ura!e is 7atter
5ess prominent anatomi!al eatures
.ore symmetri!al !ro-n
Maxillary
(ro-n is larger
.ared !on#ergen!e to-ard !er#i!al area
>n!isal margin 1*3 o !ro-n height
All anatomi!al eatures 'ridges, ossae et! more prominent
.ared asymmetry -hen #ie-ed rom in!isal
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Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: "epla!es ma/ 1st molar '
eruption o permanent: 10'11 years
!al!i)!ation initiation: 1 ' 2 years
Inter!roximal contact !oints:
mesial: middle 1*3 ">nterpro/imal !onta!ts are oLset bu!!al$
distal: middle 1*3 ">nterpro/imal !onta!ts are oLset bu!!al$ ? 5o!ated
+ust a bit more !er#i!al than the mesial
eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: middle 1*3
%oot:
single root "0P$
only premolar -ith biur!ated roots "0P'''2 !anals used together$ "Bu!!al and
lingual$
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Mesial:
utline is trape9oidal
(usp tip is lo!ated -ithin !on)nes o root sura!es
mesial !usp ridge is longer than its distal !usp ridge ' only tooth -here
mesioin!isal is longer than the distoin!isal
Both !usps are #isible, and the bu!!al !usp is 1 mm taller, straighter, = less
pointed than lingual !usp "more !on#e/$
mesial !on!a#ity is belo- !onta!t point "middle 1*3$ allo-s easy distinguish rom
distal
mesial de#elopmental depression * !on!a#ity present, note ma/illary se!ond
premolars don@t ha#e this
mesial marginal ridge de#elopmental groo#e is present "
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!al!i)!ation initiation: 2'2 Q years
Inter!roximal contact !oints: (same as heiht o" contour)
mesial: middle 1*3
distal: middle 1*3
eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: middle 1*3
%oot:
ingle root is typi!al 40P ha#e 2 !anals
oot length is same as in ma/ 16.
broad B5, narro- .
no de#elopmental groo#e depressionR
bu!!olingual se!tion: 2 pulp horns o eCual height "usually 1 !anal$
mesiodistal se!tion: resembles !anine "same as ma/ )rst premolar$
trans#erse se!tion: o#al shaped, !igar shaped pulp !a#ity
,eneral:
esembles ma/illary )rst premolar'''more rounded, less angular, more #ariation,
single'rooted
2uccal:
similar to ma/ )rst premolar
5ess prominent than 16.: .B and B line angles, bu!!al !usp ridge, bu!!al
de#elopmental depressions less prominent than 16.
.B !usp ridge is shorter than B !usp ridge
Bu!!al !usp not as long as in 16.? bu!!al !usp ridge is not as ob#ious
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istal:
similar to mesial (%; is more straight
3cclusal:
hape is rounded or o#al
.B and B line angles are more rounded
5ess lingual !on#ergen!e
II
eruption o permanent: 10'12 years
!al!i)!ation initiation: 1 ? 2 years
>nterpro/imal !onta!t points:
mesial: middle 1*3
distal: middle 1*3 "broader than mesial$
eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: +un!tion o middle 1*3 and !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: middle 1*3
%oot:
ingle root
rounded, !ur#es distally groo#ed longitudinally "mesial groo#e more mared$
may be biur!ated, but rare
2uccal:
hape is trape9oidal
prominent bu!!al ridge
-ell'de#eloped middle bu!!al lobe
mesial !usp arm is shorter than distal !usp arm
mesial outline is straight*slightly !on!a#e
distal outline is slightly !on!a#e
!er#i/ is mu!h narro-er mesiodistally than the !ro-n -idth at the !onta!t points
Linual:
lingual !usp is small and may resemble !anine !ingulum
!ro-n and root taper rom bu!!al to lingual
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o!!lusal sura!e slopes lingually in a !er#i!al dire!tion
mesial and distal outlines are !on!a#e rom !er#i!al margin'!onta!t areas
only premolar that has a mesiolingual de#elopmental groo#e "demar!ates lingual
lobe rom mesioa!ial lobe'''separates mesial marginal ridge rom lingual !usp$
root tapers to pointed ape/
more de#elopmental depressions or groo#es mesially on root
Mesial:
hape is rhomboidal
bu!!al outline is #ery !ur#ed*!on#e/
lingual outline is mu!h less !on#e/
bu!!al !usp tip is !entered o#er the midline o the root
lingual !usp tip on a line -ith lingual border o root
distan!e rom (%; to lingual !usp tip is 2*3 distan!e rom (%; to bu!!al !usp tip
istal:
only tooth in -hi!h the mesial marginal ridge is at a lo-er le#el than the distal
marginal ridge "slopes !er#i!ally rom bu!!al to lingual = not perpendi!ular lie
most other teeth$
distal marginal ridge almost at right angles to the long a/is o tooth
root shallo- de#elopmental depression but not groo#e
3cclusal:
mesio' and disto' bu!!al line angles prominent yet rounded
mesial and distal !onta!ts !entered labiolingually
bu!!al and lingual triangular ridges +oined together to orm a single ridge !alled
the trans#erse ridge Sseparates mesial o!!lusal ossa rom distal o!!lusal ossaT
"bu!!al triangular ridge larger than lingual triangular ridge$
distal o!!lusal ossa is larger than mesial o!!lusal ossa
!usps separated by a !entral groo#e as in ma/illary premolars
Mandibular 4econd Premolar (#-+ And #-9)
Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: N %(>II
eruption o permanent: 10'13 years "usually erupt ater the ma/illary !anine but
may o!!ur along -ith it$
!al!i)!ation initiation: 1 ? 2 years
Inter!roximal contact !oints:
mesial: middle 1*3
distal: middle 1*3
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eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: +un!tion o middle 1*3 and !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: middle 1*3
%oot:
ingle root that !ur#es distally
root ape/ is more blunt and longer than mandibular )rst premolar
,eneral:
2 types o .andibular 2nd premolar e/ist:
*)3 !usp type S1 a!ial = 2 lingualT " lobes$ ''' most !ommon
bu!!al !usp U mesiolingual !usp U distolingual !usp
-)2 !usp type "4 lobes$
2uccal:
resembles mandibular )rst premolar
bu!!al !usp is shorter and less pointed than that o mand )rst premolar
Linual:
diLers rom !ro-n o mand )rst premolarVlingual lobes are better de#eloped
3 !usp type'''2 lingual !usps "mesiolingual and distolingual !usps$ are separated
by lingual groo#e
Mesial:
hape is rhomboidal
diLeren!es rom mand )rst premolar
'!ro-n and root are -ider bu!!olingually than mand )rst premolar
'bu!!al !usp tip is not as lingually pla!ed
'lingual and bu!!al !usps are more eCual in si9e
'mesial marginal ridge is at right angles to the long a/is o the tooth
'no mesiolingual de#elopmental groo#e
!an only see 2 !usps rom this #ie-
istal:
imilar to mesial e/!ept that distal marginal ridge is at a lo-er le#elV!an see all 3
!usps
3cclusal:
0 cus! ty!e "most !ommon, orming a W'shape more !ommon$
2 lingual !usps and 1 bu!!al
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de#elopmental groo#es separate !usps to orm a W'shape on o!!lusal "mesial,
distal, = lingual$
!entral pit'''-here the 3 groo#es meet
mesial triangular ossa and distal triangular ossa
large mesiolingual groo#e that separates the mesial marginal ridge rom the
lingual !usp
- cus! ty!e"D'shaped and I'shaped'''I'shaped is least !ommon$
outline is rounded
lingual !on#ergen!e o mesial and distal marginal ridgesVlingual !usp -ell
de#eloped
mesiolingual and distolingual line angles are rounded
!entral de#elopmental groo#e, mesial and distal de#elopmental ossa
may or may not ha#e mesial and distal de#elopmental pits
,eneral Characteristics o"
MA5ILLA%6 C$7T%AL I7CI43%
.ember o in!isal !lassi)!ation o teeth
Ised to !ut or in!ise ood
ho#el'shaped
2 in ma/illary ar!h
u!!edaneous teeth "repla!es primary tooth$
4 lobes "3 a!ial and 1 lingual'''mesiolabial, middle labial, distolabial, and lingual
lobes$
%rupts at &'8 years o age
,eneral Characteristics o"
MA5ILLA%6 LAT$%AL I7CI43%
supplements the !entral in!isor in un!tion
#aries in orm more than any other tooth in the mouth e/!ept or 3rd molars
'peg'shaped laterals, dens in dente, t-isted roots, et!
most reCuently !ongenitally absent anterior tooth
roughly same anatomy as ma/illary !entral in!isor e/!ept things more
pronoun!ed
,eneral Characteristics o"
MA7I2LA% I7CI43%4
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used to in!ise or !ut ood
4 in number: 2 !entral and 2 laterals
ha#e smaller mesiodistal diameters than any other teeth "mandibular !entral
in!isor is the smallest tooth$
mandibular in!isors are broader bu!!olingually than mesiodistally "opposite to
ma/illary in!isors$
4 lobes "3 labial and 1 lingual$
,eneral Characteristics o"
CA7I7$4
single pointed !usp "!uspids$
designed to tear, pier!e, and hold ood
teeth -ith longest and thi!est "a!iolingually$ roots'''stable
teeth orm !ornerstone o ar!h
#ery important teeth rom an estheti! and un!tional aspe!t
oten last remaining tooth in ar!h
prominent ridge o bone on the labial aspe!t'''!anine eminen!e
help support a!ial mus!ulature
loss o !anine teeth !hanges shape o a!e in this area
guiding teeth: mandibular !anine slide along lingual sura!e o ma/illary !anine
and guides mandible
long roots: good an!hors or support or prostheses
de#elops rom 4 lobes "3 labial and 2 lingual$ Smiddle labial lobe is best
de#elopedT
,eneral Characteristics o"
MA5ILLA%6 P%$M3LA%4
4 in ma/illary ar!h
o!!lusal sura!e
2 !usps: lingual "un!tional !usp$ and a!ial "non'un!tional !usp$
do not reer to as bi!uspids
su!!edaneous teeth "repla!e de!iduous molars$
de#elop rom 4 lobes "B, .B, and B$ and "1 lingual$ S-ell de#eloped middle
a!ial lobeVa!ial !uspT
!entral de#elopmental groo#e is demar!ation bet-een lingual and a!ial lobes
ma/illary )rst premolar is bigger than ma/illary se!ond premolar
ma/illary premolars are more similar than the mandibular premolars
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!usps are appro/imately the eCual in si9e
!ro-ns are !entered o#er the root -ith a slight i any lingual in!lination
ma/illary )rst premolar normally has 2 roots
height o !ontour o lingual pro)le is at midportion o !ro-n
ma/illary )rst premolar: mesial marginal ridge de#elopmental groo#e
Eeneral (hara!teristi!s o
MA7I2LA% P%$M3LA%4
su!!edaneous teeth "repla!e de!iduous molars$
misleading to reer to them as bi!uspids
mandibular )rst premolar de#elops rom 4 lobes "3 a!ial and 1 lingual$ V2 !usps
mandibular se!ond molar de#elops rom 4 or lobes "3 a!ial and 1'2 lingual$V2'
3 !usps
mandibular se!ond premolar is bigger than mandibular )rst premolar
lingual !usp"s$ are less prominent than the bu!!al !usp
!ro-ns are mared -ith lingual in!lination
mandibular )rst premolar has one root
height o !ontour o lingual pro)le is !loser to !usp tip
mandibular )rst premolar: mesiolingual de#elopmental groo#e
2 !usp premolar 3 !usp premolar
4 lobes lobes
1$lingual
1$mesiolingual
2$mesioa!ial
2$distoa!ial
3$middlea!ial
3$mesioa!ial
4$distoa!ial
4$middlea!ial
$distoa!ial
,eneral Characteristics o"
MA5ILLA%6 M3LA%4
3 roots''''2 bu!!al, 1 lingual "the largest$
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4 !usps''''3 ma+or !usps, 1 smaller !usp "1st molar has th !usp$
.5 !usp is the largest
.5, .B, and B !usps orm a triangle''''trigon or primary !usp triangle
B !usp is the smallest and de!reases in si9e rom the )rst to the third molar
!ro-ns are broader B5 than .
B !usp is !onne!ted to .5 !usp by an obliCue ridge
!ro-n relati#ely short o!!luso'!er#i!ally
Eeneral (hara!teristi!s o
MA7I2LA% M3LA%4
largest mandibular teeth
#ariations in numbers o !usps
'generally !usps in 1st, 4 !usps in 2nd
teeth broader mesiodistally than bu!!olingually
1st molar has lobes and !usps
2nd molar has 4 lobes and 4 !usps
T$$T TI2IT4
All teeth are trape9oidal in shape rom the bu!!al aspe!t
>n most teeth, the distal !onta!t point is positioned more !er#i!ally than mesial
!onta!t point "e#en i it is lo!ated in the same 1*3 o tooth$
All teeth are broad on a!ial and narro- on lingual
All teeth ha#e a greater bu!!olingual dimension than mesiodistal
dimension$5C$PT: mandibular molars
ma/illary in!isors "!entral and lateral$
All teeth are shorter as you go anterior to posterior be!ause distal marginal ridge
is usually shorter than mesial marginal ridge $5C$PT: mandibular )rst premolar
.esial marginal ridge is usually perpendi!ular or most
teeth $5C$PT: mandibular )rst premolar "slopes !er#i!ally rom bu!!al to
lingual$
A55 ma/illary molars "permanent 1'3 and primary 1'2$ ha#e obliCue ridges
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eciduous entition Chronoloy:
First sign o tooth de#elopment: H'& -ees "in utero$
(al!i)!ation begins: 13'1H -ees "in utero$
(al!i)!ation o all teeth ha#e begun: 18'20 -ees
6rimary dentition !ompleted: 2 ' 3 years
(ompletion o root de#elopment or primary dentition: 1 yr ater eruption
mandibular !entral in!isorXXXXXX8 months
ma/illary !entral in!isorXXXXXXX10 months
ma/illary lateral in!isorXXXXXXX11 months
mandibular lateral in!isorXXXXXX13 months
ma/illary )rst molarXXXXXXXXX1H months "generally !efore mandi!ular
#rst molar)
mandibular )rst molarXXXXXXXX1H months
.a/illary !anineXXXXXXXXXXXX1 months
mandibular !anineXXXXXXXXXXX20 months
mandibular se!ond molarXXXXXX2& months
ma/illary se!ond molarXXXXXXXX2 months
Permanent entition Chronoloy:
Calcication initiation:
"1st part to !al!iy is the !ro-n$
Incisors' 3'4 months
e/!ept: ma/illary lateral in!isor: 10'12 months
Canines:4' months
Premolars: 1 ? 2 years
ma/ 1st : 1 M ' 1 Y years ma/ 2nd : 2' 2 Q years
mand 1st: 1 Y ' 2 years mand 2nd: 2 Q ' 2 M years
*st molars: B>
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ma/: 2 M ' 3 years mand: 2 M ' 3 years
0rd molars: &'10 years
ma/: &' years mand: 8 ? 10 years
Calcication com!lete: ;1*2 time o eruptionTO1 year
%oot de
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!al!i)!ation initiation: B>
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.5 and 5 !usps separated by lingual groo#e "ends in the middle o the lingual
sura!e$
.5 !usp 3* mesiodistal -idth o tooth
'.5 broader and the longest and the largest
'.5 !usp has (usp o (arabelli
istal:
!ro-n !onstri!ts to-ard distal "bu!!al aspe!t is #isible rom distal$
3 roots #isible
biur!ation is about mm api!al to (%;
distal root smoothly rounded
B !on!a#ity around the !er#i!al area
'5 is spheroidal
Mesial:
hape is trape9oidal
tooth !on#erges o!!lusally "ma/imum B5 -idth is at !er#i/$
only .B and .5 !usp are #isible
!er#i!ally to !onta!t area, shallo- !on!a#ity -hi!h e/tends to the mesial area o
the root trun
mesiobu!!al and lingual roots #isible
'.B root is broad B5, hides B root
'lingual root is narro- B5 "banana'shaped$ 0P !ur#es bu!!ally
'le#el o biur!ation 3 mm api!al to (%;
3cclusal:
hape is rhomboidal
a!ute angles .B and 5
obtuse angles .5 and B
!ro-n -ider bu!!olingually than mesiodistally
mesial aspe!t U distal
only tooth -hi!h broadens to-ard the lingual
.5 !usp largest U .B U B U 5 U )th !usp o (usp o (arabelli
.5, .B, and B !usps are rom the primary molar triangle "trigon$
obliCue ridge distolingual !usp ridge o the .5 !usp and the triangular ridge o
the B !usp
'obliCue ridge is the same le#el in !enter as the marginal ridges
2 ma+or ossae
'!entral ossa lies in the !enter o the trigon mesial to the obliCue
ridge, roughly triangular
'distal ossa distal to obliCue ridge, roughly linear
2 minor ossa
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'mesial triangular ossa
'distal triangular ossa
!entral pit: !entral de#elopmental groo#e, bu!!al groo#e, trans#erse groo#e o
the obliCue ridge
distal pit: distal obliCue groo#e, lingual groo#e
Maxillary 4econd Molar (#- And #*/)
Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: 2 months
eruption o permanent: 12'13 years
!al!i)!ation initiation: 2 M '3 years
Inter!roximal contact !oints:
mesial: middle 1*3 "oLset to bu!!al$
distal: middle 1*3 "oLset to bu!!al$
eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3
lingual: middle 1*3
,eneral:
!ro-n is smaller, shorter, more rhomboidal than ma/illary 1st molar
2 o!!lusal types:
1$ rhomboidal "resembles 1st molar$'''most !ommon
2$ heart'shaped "resembles 3rd molar$'''-hen 5 is absent
roots are as long or longer, distally in!lined
5 !usp is smaller
B !usp is less de#eloped
No !usp o (arabelli
2uccal:
!ro-n is shorter and narro-er mesiodistally
B !usp is smaller
roots are more parallel and in!lined to distal
.B root ape/ is in line -ith bu!!al groo#e
Linual:
5 !usp is mu!h smaller
lingual root is narro-er mesiodistally
lingual root distal in!lination
'ape/ lines up -ith 5 !usp tip
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no (usp o (arabelli
Mesial:
similar to ma/ 1st molar but shorter !ro-n height
same B5 -idth as the ma/ 1st
roots do not di#erge as mu!h''''!on)ned -ithin !ro-n -idth
istal:
!ro-n !on#erges to-ards the distal
B and 5 !usps are smaller and mu!h o the o!!lusal sura!e and .5 !usp
#isible
all 3 roots #isible
3cclusal:
hape is more rhomboidal
.B, .5 !usps are -ell'de#eloped
B5 dimension similar to 1st, . smaller
B and 5 !usps less de#eloped '''tooth !onstri!ts to-ards the distal
!ro-n !on#erges to-ards the lingual
more #ariable pit and groo#e anatomy
some ha#e no 5 !usp'''heart'shaped
Maxillary Third Molar (#* And #*1)
Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: N %(>II
eruption o permanent: 1&'21 years "generally ater ma/illary 3rd molar$
!al!i)!ation initiation: &' years
,eneral:
most #ariable tooth anatomy in dentition
smaller . and !er#i!o'o!!lusally, less de#eloped than the ma/ 2nd
molar
may resemble 1st or 2nd molar
5 !usp is poorly de#eloped or absent
1 lingual !usp usually
heart'shaped o!!lusal usually
roots are shorter and usually used "3$
Mandibular &irst Molar (#*9 And #0+)
Chronoloy:
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eruption o de!iduous: 1H months "generally ater the ma/illary )rst molar$
eruption o permanent: H years "generally beore the ma/illary )rst molar$
!al!i)!ation initiation: B>
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'mesial !usps are taller*higher than distal !usps
tooth !on#erges distolingually
!ro-n has a lingual tilt in relation to its root a/is
.B !usp in line -ith bu!!al 1*3 mesial root
lingual !usp tip in line -ith lingual 1*3 o the root
blunt root ape/ that lies under .B !usp slight mesial de#elopmental depression
on root
!er#i!al line !ur#es o!!lusally''''1 mm !er#i!al line is higher lingually than
bu!!ally
istal:
more tooth #isible'''!an see all !usps "tooth is shorter and narro-er to distal$
distal marginal ridge is shorter and dips !er#i!ally
B de#elopmental groo#e ends on distal sura!e at distobu!!al line angle'''!an
see B groo#e
distal !usp maes up the distal !onta!t
3cclusal:
hape is he/agonal or H sided
. -idth o !ro-n is greater than B5
!ro-n is -ider B5 on mesial aspe!t "tapers distally$
!ro-n is -ider . on bu!!al aspe!t "tapers lingually$'''be!ause the 3rd !usp is
on bu!!al
.B U .5 U or 5 U B U
most bu!!al sura!e #isible
tooth narro-s mesiodistally
1 ma+or ossa !entral ossa''''!ir!ular, !entrally pla!ed bet-een !usp ridges
boundaries o !entral ossa
'distal slope o .B !usp
'mesial and distal slopes o B !usp
'mesial slope o distal !usp
'distal slope o .5 !usp
'mesial slope o 5 !usp
2 minor ossae mesial triangular ossa and distal triangular ossa "base o
triangle at marginal ridge$
de#elopmental groo#es
'!entral de#elopmental groo#e "mesial marginal ridge, distal marginal
ridge$
'mesiobu!!al de#elopmental groo#e ".B rom B !usp$
'distobu!!al de#elopmental groo#e "B !usp rom distal !usp$
'lingual de#elopmental groo#e
!an ha#e !entral pit at base o ossa
'mesial and distal pit
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Mandibular 4econd Molar (#*8 And #0*)
Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: 2& months
eruption o permanent: 11'13 years
!al!i)!ation initiation: 2 M '3 years
Inter!roximal contact !oints:
"more !er#i!al than mand 1st molars$
mesial: middle 1*3
distal: middle 1*3
eihts o" contour:
bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3 "not as pronoun!ed$
lingual: middle 1*3
,eneral:
smaller than mandibular 1st molar
4 !usps ".B, .5, B, 5$''''no distal or th !usp
2 roots "mesial and distal root$'''roots are not as broad bu!!olingually
"narro-er$
roots are not as -idely separated as in the 1st mandibular
molar
2uccalal:
hape is trape9oidal
!ro-n is shorter and narro-er than the )rst molar
4 !usps #isible ".B, B, .5, and 5$
'lingual !usps are taller and more pointed than bu!!al !usps
bu!!al de#elopmental groo#e separates 2 bu!!al !usps
!er#i!al line points to-ard biur!ation
roots !loser, more parallel, in!lined distally
root trun is shorter
Linual:
hape is trape9oidal
!ro-n !on#erges to lingual but less than the 1st molar
(%; higher on lingual than on bu!!al
!an only see 2 !usps "lingual !usps$
Mesial:
similar to 1st molar e/!ept:
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bu!!al !ur#ature and bu!!al !er#i!al ridge are less pronoun!ed
!er#i!al line is less !ur#ed
mesial root more pointed ape/
bu!!al height o !ontour "!er#i!al 1*3$ is not as pronoun!ed
istal:
no distal !usp
!an see more o o!!lusal sura!e
3cclusal:
hape is re!tangular
no distal !usp'''re!tangular
B !usp is more prominent
all 4 !usps relati#ely eCual in si9e
!ross'shaped de#elopmental groo#es "!entral, lingual, and bu!!al groo#es$
'!entral groo#e runs mesiodistally
more supplemental groo#es'''-rinly appearan!e
Mandibular Third Molar (#* And #0-)
Chronoloy:
eruption o de!iduous: N %(>II
eruption o permanent: 1&'21 years "generally beore ma/illary 3rd molar$
!al!i)!ation initiation: 8'10 years
,eneral:
ma/illary and mandibular 3rd molars are most #ariable teeth in mouth'''''
mandibular 3rd molar is the se!ond most #ariable tooth in mouth
usually similar to other mandibular molars
anomalies:
'most o mandibular 3rd !ro-ns are o#ersi9ed
'most ma/illary 3rd molars are undersi9ed
mandibular 3rd molars are !ommonly impa!ted
!ro-n tends to be larger and ha#e more !usps
'4 !usps'''!ross'shaped
' !usps'''W'shaped
'H !usps
2uccal:
2 !usps and 2 roots "shorter$
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Linual:
imilar to bu!!al
Mesial:
root shorter and more tapered
istal:
similar to mesial but narro-er
3cclusal:
more rounded